title: Changes in the anterior nasal spine and the alveolar process of the macillae in leprosy a clinical examination.
abstract: A brief review is presented of the Danish medieval skeletons with leprosy changes, particularly in the skulls, where the pathologic specific changes found are termed facies leprosa. The clinical aspect of facies leprosa is termed Bergen Syndrome I (nasal leprosy) and Bergen Syndrome II (the leprogenic changes of the alveolar process of the maxilla superior with loosening and/or loss of the frontal incisors). An account is given of the interim result of a clinical examination of 333 inpatients at the Prapradaeng Leprosarium in Bangkok, Thailand. In the group of 258 patients with lepromatous leprosy, 62.4% presented Bergen Syndrome I and 16.3% Bergen Syndrome II. These proportions differ clearly from the corresponding ratio found in the Danish medieval skulls.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D000848:Anodontia / Q000209:etiology; D001284:Atrophy; D002415:Cats; D003718:Denmark; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006666:History of Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D007568:Jaw / Q000473:pathology; D007918:Leprosy / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000473:pathology*; D009666:Nose / Q000473:pathology*; D009912:Oral Manifestations; D010161:Paleodontology; D013577:Syndrome; D013785:Thailand