title: Development of a testicular tumour during cisclomiphene therapy.
abstract: Enlargement of an atrophic testis occurred in an oligospermic patient during long-term therapy with a low dosage of cisclomiphene. Orchidectomy revealed an adult teratoma combined with an atypical seminoma. The development of a germinal-cell neoplasm during pituitary-gonadal stimulation therapy raises the question of a possible cause-effect relationship. Available evidence does not support this possibility. However, it is less clear whether hormonal influences may promote the growth of a germ-cell tumour focus. Therefore, prolonged treatment with such agents demands close supervision, particularly in patients with a predisposition to gonadal carcinogenesis.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004407:Dysgerminoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen; D013094:Spermatozoa; D013724:Teratoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D002996:Clomiphene; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone