title: In vitro sensitivity of Salmonella to ten antimicrobial agents including sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, alone and in combination.
abstract: The activities of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), alone and in combination (SMZ-TMP), and of the following antibiotics were tested against 115 clinical isolates of nontyphoid Salmonella species: tobramycin, gentamicin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, neomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. The methods of disk diffusion, microtiter broth dilution, and agar dilution were employed for all single antimicrobial agents as well as for SMZ-TMP studies. Growth curves were performed in broth. SMZ-TMP, TMP, gentamicin, tobramycin, and neomycin were the most active drugs in vitro. All strains were inhibited by </=1 mug of TMP per ml, but >100 mug of SMZ per ml was required for at least 10% of strains. SMZ and TMP in a ratio of 10:0.5, respectively, inhibited all isolates and were synergistic for 105 strains. All strains inhibited by the combination of 10:0.5 SMZ-TMP had a zone diameter of >/=22 mm by using a combination disk containing 1.25 mug of TMP and 23.75 mug of SMZ. Seven isolates were resistant to >100 mug/ml of ampicillin or amoxicillin; all isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol at </=6.3 mug/ml. SMZ-TMP appears to be active against nontyphoid salmonellae in vitro; this is usually due to a synergistic effect.
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects*; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014295:Trimethoprim; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole