title: The metabolism of amino acids in the bovine lens. Their oxidation as a source of energy.
abstract: 1. The metabolism by the bovine lens of nine (14)C-labelled l-amino acids was studied. These were: alanine, aspartate, glutamate, leucine, lysine, proline, serine, tyrosine and tryptophan. 2. All were taken up by the tissue and incorporated into protein. 3. Aspartate and glutamate, although poorly taken up, were readily metabolized to CO(2). Radioactivity from glutamate was also found in glutathione, glutamine, proline and ophthalmic acid. Aspartate was converted into glutamate, glutathione, proline, alanine and lactate. 4. Alanine was largely converted into lactate, which was released into the medium, but incorporation of radioactivity into CO(2), glutamate, glutathione, aspartate and lipids also occurred. 5. Radioactivity from leucine was detected in CO(2), lipids, glutamate, glutathione, proline and glutamine. 6. Lysine was only slightly broken down by the bovine lens; radioactivity was observed in CO(2), glutamate, glutathione, proline and two unidentified compounds. 7. Proline was metabolized to glutamate from which CO(2), glutathione and glutamine were formed. Hydroxyproline in the capsule collagen was labelled. 8. Radioactivity from serine was found in CO(2), lipids, glutathione, glycine, cystine, ATP, lactate and three unidentified compounds, one of which was probably taurine. 9. Neither tyrosine nor tryptophan were metabolized by the bovine lens. 10. The ability of the lens to metabolize amino acids was also shown by measurement of NH(3) production: more NH(3) was formed when glucose was absent from the incubation medium. 11. These experiments suggest that oxidation of amino acids is a source of energy for the lens.
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002417:Cattle; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005971:Glutamates / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000378:metabolism*; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D013654:Taurine / Q000378:metabolism; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D005971:Glutamates; D007773:Lactates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D013654:Taurine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D014443:Tyrosine; D012694:Serine; D000641:Ammonia; D014364:Tryptophan; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003094:Collagen; D011392:Proline; D005978:Glutathione; D007930:Leucine; D005947:Glucose; D008239:Lysine; D000409:Alanine