title: Drug resistance in Salmonella typhimurium and its implications.
abstract: A rise in Salmonella typhimurium infection was observed in calves in Britain during 1964-6, follwing the adoption of the intensive farming method. A single phage type of S. typhimurium, type 29, was incriminated as the major pathogen. Attempts to treat and control the disease with a range of antibiotics were ineffective, but resulted in the acquisition of transferable multiple drug resistance by type 29. The transmission of drug-resistant type 29, directly or indirectly, from bovines to man resulted in many human infections. Transferable drug resistance reaching man from enterobacteria of animal origin may ultimately enter specifically human pathogens. Infections such as that caused by type 29 can be eliminated, not by the massive use of antibiotics but by improvement in conditions of animal husbandry and reduction in the opportunities for the initiation and spread of the disease. A reappraisal is needed of the methods of using antibiotics to determine how these methods can be improved, in order to conserve the long-term efficacy of the antibiotics.
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001434:Bacteriophage Typing; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D005664:Furazolidone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007612:Kanamycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009355:Neomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects*; D013307:Streptomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006113:United Kingdom; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; D007612:Kanamycin; D005664:Furazolidone; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D000667:Ampicillin; D013752:Tetracycline; D009355:Neomycin; D013307:Streptomycin