title: Four monopolies and the surgeons of London and Edinburgh.
mesh_terms: D002568:Certification / Q000266:history*; D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history*; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D008131:London; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000266:history; D012606:Scotland