title: thermoregulatory effects of intraventricular injection of noradrenaline in the mouse and the influence of ambient temperature.
abstract: 1. At an ambient temperature of 20 degrees C, intraventricular injection of noradrenaline in the mouse resulted in hypothermia accompanied by a fall in metabolic rate and by cutaneous vasodilatation. Subcutaneous injection of noradrenaline resulted in hyperthermia with raised metabolic rate and cutaneous vasodilatation.2. The hypothermia and fall in oxygen consumption rate following intraventricular noradrenaline were prevented by pre-treatment with subcutaneous propranolol, while the cutaneous vasodilatation was un-affected. However, the effects of subcutaneously injected noradrenaline were completely abolished by subcutaneous propranolol. Intraventricular propranolol did not modify the hypothermic effect of intraventricular noradrenaline.3. The direction of the effect on body temperature of intraventricular noradrenaline was dependent upon ambient temperature; hypothermia occurring at low (15 degrees C) and hyperthermia at high (36 degrees C) ambient temperatures. However, when the possibility of any peripheral action of noradrenaline escaping into the systemic circulation was prevented by prior subcutaneous injection of propranolol, significant hypothermia could be detected at temperatures as high as 32 degrees C.4. The possibility that the effects of intraventricular noradrenaline could be due to complete abolition of central temperature regulation was further excluded by the occurrence of thermal salivation in all animals during experiments performed at 36 degrees C.5. It is suggested that, in the mouse, the hypothermic actions of intraventricular noradrenaline are due to a central effect, while its hyperthermic effects at high ambient temperature are due to escape of noradrenaline into the peripheral circulation. The hypothermia could be the result of selective activation of central heat loss mechanisms.6. Intraventricular noradrenaline was without effect on brain plasma-space although exposure to 100% oxygen caused a detectable fall.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects*; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles; D007031:Hypothalamus; D007267:Injections; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010953:Plasma Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D011433:Propranolol; D009638:Norepinephrine