Epidemiology and etiology of clefts.
Epidemiologic and etiologic studies based on the international literature and Danish observations of 4500 patients show a steadily increasing incidence of human cleft deformities at birth. The incidence at present is nearly 2 per 1000. Heredity is the most important etiologic factor and is probably responsible for 25 to 50% of the cases depending on the type of cleft, whereas the influence of exogenous factors is still of unknown nature. Empiric risk figures and some examples of cleft syndromes are presented.
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000150:complications; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008046:Lip; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D010375:Pedigree; D012306:Risk; D013577:Syndrome