Transport of ions against their concentration gradients in an analogue system for active transport using charged membranes.
D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D007474:Ion Exchange; D007477:Ions / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism
D007477:Ions; D003300:Copper; D012964:Sodium