Further studies on the roles of sodium and potassium in the generation of the electro-olfactogram. Effects of mono- , di- , and trivalent cations.
In the negative EOG-generating process a cation which can substitute for Na(+) was sought among the monovalent ions, Li(+), Rb(+), Cs(+), NH(4) (+), and TEA(+), the divalent ions, Mg(++), Ca(++), Sr(++), Ba(++), Zn(++), Cd(++), Mn(++), Co(++), and Ni(++), and the trivalent ions, Al(+++) and Fe(+++). In Ringer solutions in which Na(+) was replaced by one of these cations the negative EOG's decreased in amplitude and could not maintain the original amplitudes. In K(+)-Ringer solution in which Na(+) was replaced by K(+), the negative EOG's reversed their polarity. Recovery of these reversed potentials was examined in modified Ringer solutions in which Na(+) was replaced by one of the above cations. Complete recovery was found only in the normal Ringer solution. Thus, it was clarified that Na(+) plays an irreplaceable role in the generation of the negative EOG's. The sieve hypothesis which was valid for the positive EOG-generating membrane or IPSP was not found applicable in any form to the negative EOG-generating membrane. The reversal of the negative EOG's found in K(+)- , Rb(+)- , and Ba(++)-Ringer solutions was attributed to the exit of the internal K(+). It is, however, not known whether or not Cl(-) permeability increases in these Na(+)-free solutions and contributes to the generation of the reversed EOG's.
D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000200:Action Potentials; D000535:Aluminum; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D001464:Barium; D002104:Cadmium; D002118:Calcium; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002586:Cesium; D002725:Chloroform / Q000494:pharmacology; D003035:Cobalt; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004987:Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D007501:Iron; D008094:Lithium; D008274:Magnesium; D008345:Manganese; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology*; D009532:Nickel; D011188:Potassium; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012413:Rubidium; D012903:Smell; D012964:Sodium; D013324:Strontium; D015032:Zinc
D000085:Acetates; D004987:Ethers; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D002104:Cadmium; D002586:Cesium; D001464:Barium; D003035:Cobalt; D008345:Manganese; D009532:Nickel; D002725:Chloroform; D008094:Lithium; D012964:Sodium; D000535:Aluminum; D007501:Iron; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc; D012413:Rubidium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium; D013324:Strontium