title: Survey of chemical compounds tested in vitro against rumen protozoa for possible control of bloat.
abstract: Over 170 chemical agents were screened for antiprotozoal action in bovine ruminal fluid. Compounds were tested at 0.1 and 0.05% concentrations. Tested compounds included inorganic compounds, antibiotics, biocides, neuromuscular agents, arsenicals, plant and animal hormones, antimalarials, surface-active agents, anthelmintics, and many others. The most active compounds were cupric sulfate, nickel sulfate, nitrofurazone, hydrogen peroxide, dodecyl sodium sulfate, pelargonic acid, iodoacetic acid, 1-diethylaminoethylamino-4-methylthiaxanthrone, sodium arsanilate, sodium arsenate, bismuth glycolyl arsanilate, 1-beta-hydroxyethyl-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, and p-nitroaniline. Copper ion was not particularly effective against entodinia; nickel ion had no effect on holotrichs. Hydrogen peroxide and iodoacetic acid were effective at a concentration of 0.005%. Anionic surface-active agents were very effective, especially long-chain sulfates and phosphates. These antiprotozoal agents warrant further in vivo studies for possible use in treating or curing bloat in ruminants.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000494:pharmacology; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000187:drug effects*; D005414:Flatulence / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D006728:Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*; D012492:Salts / Q000494:pharmacology; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000962:Antimalarials; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D001152:Arsenicals; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D006728:Hormones; D008670:Metals; D012492:Salts; D013501:Surface-Active Agents