title: Microbial protein synthesis in cattle given roughage-concentrate and all-concentrate diets: the use of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid, 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid and 35S as markers.
abstract: Three steers, each fitted with a rumen cannula and a re-entrant cannula in the proximal duodenum, were offered diets consisting of a barley-based concentrate and chopped hay at a daily intake of 61 g/kg live weight0.75 given in three equal meals. The ratio, concentrate: hay was changed from 50:50 to 90:10 and then to 100:0 in successive periods of 12-18 weeks and the flow and composition of digesta at the duodenum was measured over 48-h periods on each dietary treatment. Samples of bacteria and protozoa were separated from rumen contents and the proportions of bacterial and protozoal nitrogen (N) in duodenal digesta were estimated using 2,6-diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) and 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid (AEP) as markers. On separate occasions, radioactive sulphur (35S) was infused into the rumen for 48 h and digesta collected over the final 24 h; the specific radioactivity of S in microbial and digesta fractions was used to estimate the proportions of microbial N. 35S gave reproducible and apparently reliable estimates of microbial protein formation: the proportion of microbial N in digesta was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) for the 50:50 diet than for the other treatments but the energetic efficiency of microbial protein formation did not differ significantly between diets. Estimates of bacterial N based on DAPA concentrations were highly variable and frequently impossibly high. It is suggested that many of the anomalous values were the result of non-representative sampling of the rumen microbial population and that this is particularly likely to occur when conditions within the rumen are unstable. AEP was found to be unsuitable as a marker for rumen protozoa as considerable concentrations of this substance were found also in rumen bacteria.
mesh_terms: D000615:Aminoethylphosphonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002417:Cattle; D003960:Diaminopimelic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005526:Food, Formulated; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D013462:Sulfur Radioisotopes
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D013462:Sulfur Radioisotopes; D003960:Diaminopimelic Acid; D000615:Aminoethylphosphonic Acid; D009584:Nitrogen