title: Initiation of DNA synthesis by human thrombin: relationships between receptor binding, enzymic activity, and stimulation of 86Rb+ influx.
abstract: Stimulation of amiloride-sensitive sodium (Na+) influx and the subsequent activation of NA+, K+-ATPase by serum or growth factors have been implicated as early events leading to initiation of cell proliferation. We recently demonstrated that amiloride inhibits thrombin-initiated DNA synthesis not by inhibiting an early event occurring during the first 8 hr, but rather by inhibiting some later event 8 to 12 hr after thrombin addition. To further probe the relationship between stimulation of ion influx and initiation of cell proliferation, human alpha-thrombin was converted to gamma-thrombin, nitro-alpha-thrombin, and diisopropylphospho (DIP)-alpha-thrombin. These derivatives retain either the capacity to bind cell surface alpha-thrombin receptors or thrombin esterase activity, but they do not initiate DNA synthesis. At low concentrations of alpha-thrombin or the various thrombin derivatives, only alpha-thrombin stimulates 86Rb+ influx, suggesting a correlation between stimulation of influx and the ability of these derivatives to initiate DNA synthesis. Concentrations of a DIP-alpha-thrombin that saturate the alpha-thrombin receptors (up to 2 micrograms/ml) do not stimulate either the early or late influx of 86Rb+, indicating that DIP-alpha-thrombin binding alone is not sufficient to stimulate ion fluxes. High concentrations of either gamma-thrombin or nitro-alpha-thrombin, however, stimulate both early and late 86RB+ uptake but do not initiate DNA synthesis. These results demonstrate that events leading to both the early and late stimulation of 86Rb+ influx by themselves are not sufficient to initiate cell proliferation. Thus, initiation may require a combination of events that can be independently regulated by different transmembrane signals.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D006224:Cricetinae; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D018179:Receptors, Thrombin; D012413:Rubidium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013917:Thrombin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018179:Receptors, Thrombin; D013917:Thrombin; C027962:diisopropylphosphoryl-thrombin; C042429:nitro-thrombin; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D012413:Rubidium