title: Enzymatic modification of aminoglycoside antibiotics in gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacteria.
abstract: An in vitro evaluation of 32 gentamicin-resistant, Gram-negative bacteria from hygiene-centres in Berne, Switzerland and Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, revealed that 24 strains produced gentamicin-modifying enzymes. Occurrence of acetyltransferases (AAC) was confirmed in 16 strains, adenylyltransferase (AAD) /2''/ was observed in 13 strains while 5 of the gentamicin-resistant strains produced both enzymes. All Czechoslovak strains were amikacin-susceptible, in amikacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from Switzerland the presence of AAC/6'/ was found. In the majority of gentamicin-resistant, netilmicin-susceptible strains the occurrence of AAD/2''/ was observed. Gentamicin-resistance in the modifying enzymes producing strains was due either to production of an acetyltransferase or the adenylyltransferase except Swiss strains of Serratia marcescens where a simultaneous production of both types of the enzymes was noted. Twenty eight strains produced an enzyme modifying aminoglycosides of any kind.
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D003604:Czechoslovakia; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013557:Switzerland
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D019868:Kanamycin Kinase; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases; C020658:glutamine-synthetase adenylyltransferase