title: Severity of tenosynovitis in reovirus-infected chickens fed various dietary levels of choline, folic acid, manganese, biotin, or niacin.
abstract: Five experiments were conducted to determine the incidence and severity of tenosynovitis in tendons distal to the tarsal joint in 4-, 6-, and 8-week-old reovirus WVU 2937-infected chickens fed diets containing 20%, 100%, or 200% of the 1977 National Research Council nutrient requirements (NCR-77) of manganese, biotin, niacin, choline, or folic acid. Male chickens, but not female chickens, fed 20% or 100% or the NRC-77 level of folic acid had consistently higher lesion scores of tenosynovitis than male chickens fed the 200% NRC-77 level of folic acid. Increasing dietary manganese levels from 20% to 200% NRC-77 reduced the severity of tendon swelling in 6- and 8-week-old male chickens and appeared to increase the severity of tendon swelling in 8-week-old female chickens. Male chickens fed 20% of the NRC-77 required level of biotin had numerically more severe tenosynovitis at 6 weeks of age and significantly more severe tenosynovitis at 8 weeks of age than male chickens fed 100% and 200% of the NRC-77 level of biotin. Increasing dietary choline levels from 20% to 200% of the NCR-77 required level increased the severity of tenosynovitis numerically at 6 weeks of age and significantly at 8 weeks of age. When data were pooled across diet, male chickens had significantly more severe tenosynovitis than female chickens at 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age in the choline experiment and at 4 and 6 weeks of age in the folic acid experiment. Differences in the severity of tenosynovitis of individual treatment means (sex X diet X infection interaction means) occurred at only the 20% or 100% NRC-77 level of choline or folic acid. Male chickens also had more severe tenosynovitis than female chickens when fed 20% of the NRC-77 required level of manganese for 6 or 8 weeks.
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001710:Biotin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002645:Chickens; D002794:Choline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009525:Niacin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D012088:Reoviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013717:Tenosynovitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D009525:Niacin; D008345:Manganese; D001710:Biotin; D005492:Folic Acid; D002794:Choline