Nakahara memorial lecture. Human T-cell leukemia virus type I: molecular biology and its implications in adult T-cell leukemia.
Isolation and characterization of the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) type I was carried out from patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Total nucleotide sequence of the provirus genome was determined and the HTLV was distinguished from other retroviruses by a unique gene pX and also by its extremely long R sequence in the long terminal repeat (LTR). HTLV was demonstrated to be a causative agent of ATL by monoclonal integration of the proviruses in ATL cells. However, nonspecific provirus integration in ATL cells disproved the direct insertional activation of a specific cellular onc gene, eventually suggesting that a transacting viral function was involved in the leukemogenesis. A gene product of the unique gene pX and trans-activation of the transcription by the product was identified. This pX gene function might explain the leukemogenesis in ATL. The mass-production of the env gene products and their identified function provided information useful for developing the systems for diagnosis and prevention of HTLV infection and ATL.
D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D017977:Deltaretrovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000209:etiology*; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D013601:T-Lymphocytes; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology
D004279:DNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins