title: Adenosine mechanisms in the regulation of breathing in the rat.
abstract: The central respiratory effects of various adenosine (A) analogues were studied in halothane-anesthetized rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the A analogues (2-Cla, L-PIA, CHA and NECA) reduced minute ventilation (VE) due to decreases in respiratory frequency (f) as well as tidal volume (VT). Dose-dependent effects were seen after i.c.v. L-PIA in both normal and vagotomized rats. Analysis of the A-induced changes using the occluded breath technique revealed an increase in expiratory time (TE) as well as a decrease in inspiratory drive. NECA, a relatively specific A2 agonist seemed to be somewhat more potent in eliciting respiratory depression than a relatively specific A1 agonist like L-PIA. Pretreatment with the methylxanthine theophylline completely antagonized the respiratory depression induced by L-PIA. It is concluded that central A receptors are involved in the central regulation of breathing and that A interacts with the respiratory control system mainly by decreasing inspiratory neural drive and prolonging expiratory time.
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010660:Phenylisopropyladenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000187:drug effects; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013806:Theophylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic; D014970:Xanthines; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010660:Phenylisopropyladenosine; D013806:Theophylline; C034347:enprofylline; D000241:Adenosine