title: Candidiasis in captive pinnipeds.
abstract: Diagnosis, treatment, and possible pathogenesis of candidiasis were studied in 5 species of pinnipeds in captivity: gray seal (Halichoerus grypus), harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus), California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), and northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris). The animals were kept outdoors in a freshwater exhibit. Candidiasis was characterized by purulent nasal discharge, inflammation of the lips at the mucocutaneous junction, periocular alopecia, vaginitis, and dermatitis. Administration of ketoconazole at dosages of 5 mg/kg BID and 10 mg/kg SID controlled the disease. Wild gulls were suspected as vectors of Candida albicans.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000382:microbiology; D001717:Birds / Q000382:microbiology; D002176:Candida albicans; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D002178:Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010872:Caniformia / Q000382:microbiology*; D004199:Disease Vectors; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D046048:Seals, Earless / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D007654:Ketoconazole