title: Calmodulin activation of adenylate cyclase in the mouse B16 melanoma.
abstract: Calmodulin antagonists inhibited hormone-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in both cultured cells and cell lysates of mouse B16 melanoma. Particulate preparations of B16 melanoma contained 34-45% of total cell calmodulin, which could not be dissociated by extensive washing irrespective of the presence of EGTA in the buffer. The adenylate cyclase activity in such preparations was unaffected by the addition of exogenous calmodulin. However, the rare-earth-metal ion La3+, which can mimic or replace Ca2+ in many systems, produced an immediate inhibition of agonist-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and preincubation of particulate preparations was La3+ followed by washing with La3+-free buffer dissociated calmodulin (96% loss) from particulate preparations. The loss of calmodulin from particulate preparations was associated with a decrease in agonist responsiveness (74%) and a marked change in the Ca2+-sensitivity of the enzyme, low concentrations of calcium (approx. 10 nM) now failing to stimulate enzyme activity, high concentrations of calcium (greater than or equal to 100 nM) producing greater-than-normal inhibition of enzyme activity. Direct activation of adenylate cyclase by the addition of pure calmodulin was now demonstrable in such calmodulin-depleted particulate preparations. Half-maximal stimulation of agonist-responsive adenylate cyclase occurred at 80 nM-calmodulin in the presence of 10 microM free Ca2+. Maximal stimulation by calmodulin (at 300-600 nM) restored enzyme activity to 89 +/- 5% (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 7) of the activity in untreated, calmodulin-intact, preparations.
mesh_terms: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000494:pharmacology; D008545:Melanoma / Q000201:enzymology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D002147:Calmodulin; D007811:Lanthanum; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D002118:Calcium