title: Immunological observations before and after successful treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with ketoconazole and transfer factor.
abstract: A girl, 13 months of age, presented with generalised granulomatous skin, hair and mucosal candidiasis. Her lymphocytes failed to respond in vitro to Candida antigen (CA); the intradermal test with CA was also negative. Serum immunoglobulins, complement components, granulocyte functions (phagocytic and fungicidal), T-cell subsets, mitogenic and allogenic lymphocyte stimulation, natural killer cell activity and immune interferon production were all found to be normal. No circulating immune complexes were detected. Ketoconazole, an antimycotic drug, 5 mg/kg twice daily for 1 month and 2.5 mg/kg twice daily for another month spectacularly cleared all lesions. Afterwards, 4-monthly injections with transfer factor (TF) were given. Intradermal reactivity to CA was observed after the second TF injection. The lymphocyte responsiveness to CA in vitro became strongly positive 3 months after the last TF injection. The level of CA precipitins in serum, which was very high (11 lines) before ketoconazole treatment, decreased to 4 lines. No serum inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation to CA could be demonstrated in the patient's serum before or after treatment. This specific CA unresponsiveness was not due to an excess of OKT8 + (suppressor) cells; macrophage migration inhibiting factor (MIF) production was normal. The nonresponsiveness might be due to antigenic overload or to suppressor cell induction not demonstrable in the present studies. The child has remained free of lesions during 3 years of follow-up without any further treatment.
mesh_terms: D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000628:therapy*; D002178:Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007223:Infant; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D010587:Phagocytosis; D014165:Transfer Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014165:Transfer Factor; D007654:Ketoconazole