Changes in intracellular cations during the cell cycle in HeLa cells.
Intracellular Na+, K+, and Mg2+ concentrations have been measured during the HeLa cell cycle and compared with changes in oxygen utilization and macromolecular synthesis. Cell water content remains relatively constant at 79 +/- 1% during the cell cycle. A biphasic change in intracellular Na+ occurs with low values as cells reach peak S phase and again in early G1. The decrease in S coincides with an increase in cell volume during increased macromolecular synthesis. The fall in intracellular Na+ during mitosis/early G1 coincides with decreased energy utilization as macromolecular synthesis decreases with a continued decrease in [Na+]i in G1 corresponding to a period of increasing cell volume and an increase in protein synthesis. Intracellular Na+ is relatively high during late S/G2 when phosphate incorporation into protein and phospholipid is maximal. Intracellular K+ concentrations largely parallel intracellular Na+ levels although the intracellular K+:Na+ ratio is significantly lower as the cell volume increases during late G2/mitosis. Additions of a Na+-pump inhibitor (strophanthidin) not only caused a rise in [Na+]i and fall in [K+]i but also inhibited protein synthesis. Conversely, addition of a protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide) blocked amino acid incorporation and produces a fall in intracellular Na+ levels. These findings indicate that intracellular Na+ and K+ play an important role in regulating cell hydration during the cell cycle and that changes in Na+, K+-ATPase activity, synthesis and/or utilization of high energy phosphate compounds, fluid phase turnover (endocytosis), Na+:H+ exchange (pHi), Donnan forces, and ionic adsorption may all be involved.
D000327:Adsorption; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002412:Cations / Q000502:physiology*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013327:Strophanthidin / Q000494:pharmacology
D002412:Cations; D013327:Strophanthidin; D003513:Cycloheximide; D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium