title: Protections by non-copper metal ions against copper-mediated inactivation of poliovirion RNA occurring at extraction of virions with phenol.
abstract: Al3+, Ca2+, Co2+, Cu1+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sn4+, and Zn2+ were incubated individually with redistilled reagent-grade phenol containing impurities known from previous work to interact with Cu2+ to produce a potent inactivator(s) of the transfectivity of naked poliovirion RNA. Only the mixture with Cu1+ inactivated the RNA. Tests of each of the 11 non-copper test metal ions mixed with Cu2+ before adding the phenol showed that Ca2+ and Mg2+ do not protect, Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+ provide moderate protection, and Al3+, Fe2+, Fe3+, and Sn4+ give strong protection against the Cu2+-mediated inactivation. Other points of addition of protective metal ion were tested using Fe3+. Strong protection was afforded even when Fe3+ was added after synthesis of the inactivator(s) from Cu2+ and the active impurities. The relation between Cu2+ and the Fe3+ was shown to be competitive. The hypothesis that ions compete for semi-quinone anion is proposed.
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010636:Phenols; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000032:analysis*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014162:Transfection; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D008670:Metals; D010636:Phenols; D012367:RNA, Viral; D003300:Copper