title: Anti-idiotypic antibodies as probes of cell surface receptors.
abstract: Anti-idiotypic antibodies have proven to have unique applications as probes in both functional and biochemical studies of cell surface receptors. Anti-idiotypic receptor antibodies have been prepared to antibodies which bind to purified ligand, as in the case of insulin, retinol-binding protein, the mammalian reovirus receptor, and the neutrophil chemotactic receptor, and to natural ligand analogs, such as the beta-adrenergic antagonist alprenolol. These systems have documented the usefulness of anti-idiotypic antibodies in the quantitation and modulation of specific membrane receptors on a variety of cell types. Anti-idiotypic antibodies have also been utilized for the isolation of specific membrane receptors, e.g., reovirus and B-1H globulin receptors. Some anti-idiotypic receptor antibodies, e.g., insulin and reovirus systems, have been shown to mimic the physiological properties of ligand upon binding to cellular receptors. These antibodies enable a new dimension of both receptor based cellular studies and therapeutic regimens. This review focuses on the past use of anti-idiotypic antibodies as probes of cell surface receptors, and on the methodologies required for the successful application of anti-idiotypic antibodies for use in further membrane receptor studies, and of the genes which encode and regulate these receptors. We also discuss the use of anti-idiotypic antibodies in the understanding of and therapeutic approach to receptor related diseases.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000276:immunology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes / Q000276:immunology*; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D008024:Ligands; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000276:immunology; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology*; D011951:Receptors, Complement / Q000276:immunology; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000276:immunology; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes; D008024:Ligands; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011951:Receptors, Complement; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins; C044257:factor H receptors; D011972:Receptor, Insulin