title: Venous complications after intravenous injection of diazepam, flunitrazepam, thiopentone and etomidate.
abstract: The occurrence of phlebitis, thrombosis, and thrombophlebitis after intravenous premedication with diazepam (0.15 mg/kg) dissolved in propylene glycol (Valium) or in polyethylene glycol (Diapam) or flunitrazepam (0.0125 mg/kg), and after intravenous induction of balanced general anaesthesia with thiopentone (4.0 mg/kg) or etomidate (0.3 mg/kg) was studied on the 7th and 14th postoperative days in 115 patients undergoing short-stay varicose vein surgery. Venous complications occurred most frequently after etomidate (43% at 14 days), thiopentone (23% at 14 days), and Valium (21% at 7 days). Diapam caused fewer venous sequelae (9% at 14 days) than Valium (18% at 14 days), but the smallest number of complications were noticed after flunitrazepam (8% at 7 days and none at 14 days). Venous sequelae were more severe and more extended after thiopentone and after etomidate than those after the diazepam preparations. It is concluded that venous complications after flunitrazepam premedication were mild and infrequent and that the incidence of such complications was unacceptably high after etomidate induction.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005045:Etomidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005445:Flunitrazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010689:Phlebitis / Q000209:etiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013874:Thiopental / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D005445:Flunitrazepam; D013874:Thiopental; D003975:Diazepam; D005045:Etomidate