title: Binding and regulatory properties of phosphofructokinase from swine kidney.
abstract: The influence of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate on the activation of purified swine kidney phosphofructokinase as a function of the concentration of fructose 6P, ATP and citrate was investigated. The purified enzyme was nearly completely inhibited in the presence of 2 mM ATP. The addition of 20 nM fructose 2,6-P2 reversed the inhibition and restored more than 80% of the activity. In the absence of fructose 2,6-P2 the reaction showed a sigmoidal dependence on fructose-6-phosphate. The addition of 10 nM fructose 2,6-bisphosphate decreased the K0.5 for fructose 6-phosphate from 3 mM to 0.4 mM in the presence of 1.5 mM ATP. These results clearly show that fructose 2,6-bisphosphate increases the affinity of the enzyme for fructose 6-phosphate and decreases the inhibitory effect of ATP. The extent of inhibition by citrate was also significantly decreased in the presence of fructose 2,6-phosphate. The influence of various effectors of phosphofructokinase on the binding of ATP and fructose 6-P to the enzyme was examined in gel filtration studies. It was found that kidney phosphofructokinase binds 5.6 moles of fructose 6-P per mole of enzyme, which corresponds to about one site per subunit of tetrameric enzyme. The KD for fructose 6-P was 13 microM and in the presence of 0.5 mM ATP it increased to 27 microM. The addition of 0.3 mM citrate also increased the KD for fructose 6-P to about 40 microM. AMP, 10 microM, decreased the KD to 5 microM and the addition of fructose 2,6-phosphate decreased the KD for fructose 6-P to 0.9 microM. The addition of these compounds did not effect the maximal amount of fructose 6-P bound to the enzyme, which indicated that the binding site for these compounds might be near, but was not identical to the fructose 6-P binding site. The enzyme bound a maximum of about 12.5 moles of ATP per mole, which corresponds to 3 moles per subunit. The KD of the site with the highest affinity for ATP was 4 microM, and it increased to 15 microM in the presence of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The addition of 50 microM fructose 1,6-bisphosphate increased the KD for ATP to 5.9 microM. AMP increased the KD to 5.9 microM whereas 0.3 mM citrate decreased the KD for ATP to about 2 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019343:Citric Acid; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006597:Fructose-Bisphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D005635:Fructosediphosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005636:Fructosephosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology*; D007700:Kinetics; D010732:Phosphofructokinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D002951:Citrates; D005635:Fructosediphosphates; D005636:Fructosephosphates; D019343:Citric Acid; C027618:fructose-6-phosphate; C027652:fructose 2,6-diphosphate; D010732:Phosphofructokinase-1; D006597:Fructose-Bisphosphatase; C029063:fructose-1,6-diphosphate