title: Primary culture, cellular stress and differentiated function.
abstract: Isolation of specialized cell types for the analysis of tissue-specific gene function often results in loss of the differentiated phenotype. Examples of this type of phenotypic change following tissue disaggregation are reviewed together with possible explanations. Close similarities between the effects of cell isolation with those of other cellular stresses such as heat or anoxia point to common biochemical mechanisms being involved. This suggests that the study of freshly isolated cells will contribute significantly to out understanding of the nature of cellular stress and its consequences for the maintenance of phenotype and induction of tissue specific gene expression.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005934:Glucagon / Q000494:pharmacology; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology; D003012:Microbial Collagenase; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014357:Trypsin
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004247:DNA; D005934:Glucagon; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D014357:Trypsin; D003012:Microbial Collagenase; D010100:Oxygen