title: Inhibition of calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by flunarizine, a calcium-entry blocker.
abstract: It has been reported that flunarizine, classified as calcium entry-blockers, is a potent brain protective drug without any heart depressant effect, contrasting with other drugs in this group. This paper presents evidence that through a competitive antagonism against calmodulin, a major intracellular calcium receptor, flunarizine inhibits the calcium X calmodulin-activated phosphodiesterase activity of bovine brain, but not of heart, whereas other calcium-entry blockers and calmodulin antagonists inhibit to the same extent, the activation of the enzyme from the two sources. It could be suggested that some of pharmacological effects by flunarizine and its differences from other calcium-entry blockers may be explained by its interaction with calmodulin.
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000201:enzymology*; D002936:Cinnarizine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054677:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1; D005444:Flunarizine; D007700:Kinetics; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002147:Calmodulin; D010879:Piperazines; D002936:Cinnarizine; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054677:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1; D005444:Flunarizine; D002118:Calcium