title: Antagonism of d-tubocurarine-induced neuromuscular blockade with a mixture of 4-aminopyridine and neostigmine in man.
abstract: The antagonistic properties of a mixture of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) 3 mg X ml-1 and neostigmine 0.2 mg X ml-1 (in three patient groups) administered at 90 per cent d-tubocurarine block were compared with those of plain neostigmine (in three patient groups) in thirty-six patients during thiopentone-fentanyl-nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia. The recovery variables included thumb twitch height, thenar e.m.g. peak-to-peak amplitude, and train-of-four ratio in response to supramaximal ulnar nerve stimulation. In addition, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, apnoea time and time to responsiveness to verbal command after nitrous oxide was turned off at 20 minutes of recovery were examined as circulatory and central nervous system responses to antagonism. The addition of 4-AP 30 mg to neostigmine 2 mg enhanced the recovery of train-of-four ratio from 54.2 +/- 5.2 to 80.2 +/- 5.2 per cent at 20 mins of antagonism (mean +/- SEM; p less than 0.01) while adding 4-AP 45 mg to neostigmine 3 mg increased the train-of-four ratio from 67.7 +/- 2.3 to 92.3 +/- 2.4 per cent (p less than 0.01) when compared with plain neostigmine. No statistically significant difference could be found between the groups in the recovery of twitch height or e.m.g. amplitude. The antagonism of d-tubocurarine block with 4-AP 30 mg plus neostigmine 2 mg was at least as effective as with neostigmine 3-4 mg. Mean arterial pressure increased in the group receiving 45 mg 4-AP plus 3 mg neostigmine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D000328:Adult; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000758:Anesthesia; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014403:Tubocurarine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000631:Aminopyridines; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D009388:Neostigmine; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D014403:Tubocurarine