title: Microsomal enzyme induction in children: the influence of carbamazepine treatment on antipyrine kinetics, 6 beta-hydroxycortisol excretion and plasma gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity.
abstract: 1 The influence of carbamazepine (CBZ) therapy on saliva antipyrine kinetics, urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol excretion and plasma gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity was determined in nine children aged 6-14 years. 2 During 5 weeks of CBZ therapy the mean (+/- s.d.) antipyrine clearance increased from 65 +/- 12 ml kg-1 h-1 to 143 +/- 34 ml kg-1 h-1 (P less than 0.001) and the mean half-life declined from 6.24 +/- 1.23 h to 2.78 +/- 0.59 h (P less than 0.001). The apparent volume of distribution of antipyrine did not change during CBZ treatment. 3 Urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol excretion increased markedly during the study period from 5.10 +/- 1.77 micrograms day-1 kg-1 to 17.85 +/- 6.75 micrograms day-1 kg-1 (P less than 0.01). 4 Plasma gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity increased in eight out of nine children during CBZ therapy but the change was not statistically significant. 5 CBZ appears to have a marked enzyme inducing effect in young epileptics as indicated by antipyrine kinetics and 6 beta-hydroxycortisol excretion.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000983:Antipyrine / Q000378:metabolism; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects*; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D007700:Kinetics; D008861:Microsomes / Q000201:enzymology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002220:Carbamazepine; C001380:6 beta-hydroxycortisol; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D000983:Antipyrine; D006854:Hydrocortisone