title: Safety of prolonged aortic clamping with blood cardioplegia. II. Glutamate enrichment in energy-depleted hearts.
abstract: Cold blood cardioplegic techniques are limited in their ability to protect energy-depleted hearts during aortic clamping. This study extends our previous observations on the benefits of amino acid (L-glutamate) enrichment of blood cardioplegic solutions as well as the added metabolic benefits of normothermic induction of cardioplegic arrest to increase the rate of repair of energy-depleted hearts. The results demonstrate that L-glutamate enrichment of blood cardioplegic solutions significantly improves metabolic recovery (greater oxygen consumption, better anaerobic metabolism) and ventricular performance. Normothermic induction of glutamate-enriched cardioplegia allowed complete recovery of myocardial metabolism and function compared to cold blood cardioplegic technique and may be used as a form of "active resuscitation" of energy-depleted hearts.
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000502:physiology*; D003250:Constriction; D004285:Dogs; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate; D005958:Glucosephosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D005971:Glutamates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010477:Perfusion; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium; D012996:Solutions; D013318:Stroke Volume
chemical_list: D005958:Glucosephosphates; D005971:Glutamates; D007773:Lactates; D012996:Solutions; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D019298:Glucose-6-Phosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011188:Potassium