title: Renal dysfunction in cadmium smelters: relation to in-vivo liver and kidney cadmium concentrations.
abstract: Biochemical indicators of renal dysfunction have been compared with liver and kidney cadmium levels measured by neutron activation analysis in a group of 37 cadmium smelters. Higher than normal concentrations of cadmium in the liver reflect past exposure; they were associated with evidence of renal dysfunction in workers exposed to cadmium for more than 10 years. A small group of 6 workers exposed to cadmium for only a short time (mean = 4.6 years) had high hepatic cadmium concentrations but normal renal function. Longitudinal studies are required to establish the natural history of renal dysfunction following cadmium accumulation in industrial workers.
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D002105:Cadmium Poisoning / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000032:analysis*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000032:analysis*; D008669:Metallurgy; D009501:Neutron Activation Analysis; D009784:Occupational Diseases; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D002104:Cadmium