Nutrient control of brain neurotransmitter synthesis and function.
Dietary fluctuations in nutrient availability are factors in the regulation of brain function. Until recently the prevailing view was that brain biochemistry and function were influenced by diet only when biochemical and clinical evidence of nutrient deficiency was present. It is now clear, however, that the brain is sensitive and responsive to diet composition. Preliminary data show that variation in vitamin and mineral nutrient intakes over ranges that are considered to maintain normal nutritional status may impact on brain biochemistry, owing to their many coenzyme roles. Furthermore, the synthesis of at least five brain neurotransmitters, namely serotonin, the catecholamines, acetylcholine, histamine, and glycine responds to dietary fluctuations in availability of their nutrient precursors, tryptophan, tyrosine, choline, histidine, and threonine, respectively. Not only are these biochemical events altered by normal variations in diet composition, but considerable evidence now exists to show that the brain uses this information to regulate many functions. Future studies can be expected to continue to elucidate the links between diet, brain neurotransmission, and brain function, and to exploit the application of these links in understanding the function of the brain under normal and disease conditions.
D000818:Animals; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002794:Choline / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D008903:Minerals / Q000494:pharmacology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000494:pharmacology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology
D008903:Minerals; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D014815:Vitamins; D014443:Tyrosine; D014364:Tryptophan; D002794:Choline