title: Systemic effects of topical ophthalmic medications.
abstract: Ophthalmic drugs topically applied have significant systemic absorption, which may result in widespread adverse side effects. All physicians involved in the care of patients receiving these drugs should be cognizant of such actions, interactions, and toxic effects. They should also be familiar with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these effects, as well as the mechanisms of systemic drug absorption.
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001337:Autonomic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010243:Paralysis / Q000139:chemically induced; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D001337:Autonomic Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D002701:Chloramphenicol