title: Dose and sex dependent effects of 2-acetylaminofluorene, 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene and DL-ethionine in induction of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive liver cell foci in rats.
abstract: The dose-dependent and sex-related effects of 3 hepatocarcinogens were investigated by measuring the number and area of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) positive foci appearing in the liver. For this, three different doses of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) and DL-ethionine (ethionine), respectively, were given to F344 rats of both sexes for 6 weeks after a single injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN). The inductions of gamma-GT positive foci by 2-AAF and 3'-Me-DAB were clearly dose-dependent, but with 2-AAF this was clearer in males than females. Ethionine had less clear dose-dependent effects in both males and females. Under these conditions, the minimal effective doses of 2-AAF, 3'-Me-DAB and ethionine, respectively, were 0.0008%, 0.0024% and 0.05% in males and 0.004%, 0.012% and 0.05% in females. The results indicate that these 3 carcinogens had clear dose-dependent effects in the induction of gamma-GT positive foci when given for a short period in the promotive stage and that male rats were more susceptible than females to 2-AAF.
mesh_terms: D015073:2-Acetylaminofluorene / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005001:Ethionine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008749:Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene / Q000494:pharmacology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012737:Sex Factors; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D008749:Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene; D015073:2-Acetylaminofluorene; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D005001:Ethionine