Effects of organic acids on tubulin polymerization and associated guanosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis.
We have examined the effects of a number of organic anions, which stabilize tubulin, on tubulin polymerization, associated GTP hydrolysis, and polymer morphology. While microtubule-associated proteins, as well as glycerol, induced formation of typical microtubules in a reaction coupled to GTP hydrolysis at an initial 1:1 stoichiometry, the organic anions had varying effects. Only 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonate induced formation of structures with the morphology of microtubules. With glutamate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, piperazine-N-N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonate), glutarate, and glucose 1-phosphate, the predominant structures formed were sheets of parallel protofilaments rather than microtubules. Creatine phosphate induced the formation of clusters of rings. GTP hydrolysis was closely coupled to polymerization only with glutamate. With creatine phosphate, there was minimal GTP hydrolysis. With all other organic anions, GTP hydrolysis substantially exceeded polymerization at all time points, with the onset of hydrolysis significantly preceding the onset of turbidity development. Nevertheless, the rate of GTP hydrolysis was a sigmoidal function of tubulin concentration under all conditions examined, suggesting that tubulin-tubulin interactions are required for hydrolysis. All anion-induced reactions were temperature dependent and cold reversible, but only the creatine phosphate induced reaction was not inhibited by GDP, CA2+, or colchicine and did not require GTP.
D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism*
D000838:Anions; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D014404:Tubulin; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases