title: Cholinergic control mechanisms for immunoreactive motilin release and motility in the canine duodenum.
abstract: The relationship of immunoreactive (IR) motilin release from the duodenum to duodenal motility changes was investigated in anaesthetized dogs. Stimulation of one or both vagi at 5 or 15 Hz or field stimulation of intrinsic duodenal nerves produced significant increases in duodenal vein IR motilin concentrations and accompanying increases in duodenal motility. However, only stimulation of both vagi at 15 Hz produced significant changes in peripheral venous concentrations of IR motilin. These occurred after a delay at a time when both the duodenum and the antrum were quiescent. Either hexamethonium or atropine blocked IR motilin release induced by stimulation of intrinsic or extrinsic nerves while only atropine inhibited the release induced by intraarterial carbachol. The response stimulated by carbachol and blocked by atropine was tetrodotoxin insensitive and the muscarinic receptor involved was presumably located on a nonneural structure. The site sensitive to hexamethonium was presumably the neural pathway which terminated at the muscarinic receptor. Concomitant studies of duodenal motility responses to vagal and field stimulation suggested a conventional neural pathway with preganglionic cholinergic nerves in the vagus, postganglionic cholinergic nerves in the duodenum (activated by field stimulation) and a smooth muscle muscarinic receptor. Activation of antral motility by stimulation of the abdominal vagus or intraarterial carbachol injections to the antrum increased duodenal IR motilin release in the absence of duodenal motility. Thus activation of the intrinsic nerves which cross the pylorus initiated IR motilin release as well as inhibited duodenal motility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D004386:Duodenum / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D018738:Hexamethonium; D006584:Hexamethonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D007118:Immunoassay; D008297:Male; D009037:Motilin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000502:physiology; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D006584:Hexamethonium Compounds; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D018738:Hexamethonium; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D009037:Motilin; D001285:Atropine; D002217:Carbachol