Differential distribution of voltage-dependent calcium channels and guanylate cyclase in the excitable ciliary membrane from Paramecium tetraurelia.
A novel method for isolation of cilia and ciliary membrane vesicles from Paramecium tetraurelia has been developed. Using a continuous Percoll gradient of low osmolarity after fragmentation of purified cilia by French Press treatment two membrane fractions with different buoyant densities were obtained. These fractions were further purified by conventional discontinuous sucrose density gradients and characterized biochemically and by electron microscopy. Guanylate cyclase, a membrane bound enzyme, was found almost exclusively in membrane vesicles of high buoyant density while the voltage-sensitive calcium-channel of the ciliary membrane was predominantly localized in low density vesicles. Examination of both fractions by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed only minor differences in protein pattern in the 34 and 64 kilodaltons range. Morphologically both membrane vesicle fractions had a diameter of about 300 nm, however, the high density vesicle fraction contained a considerably larger amount of multilamellar structures with a multishell, onion-like appearance. Freeze-fracture analysis failed to detect differences in intramembrane particle content between low and high density vesicles. The possible biological relevance of the spatial separation of the calcium-sensor enzyme guanylate cyclase and the voltage-sensitive calcium-channels in the ciliary membrane is discussed in terms of a diffusion controlled mechanism for graded signal transmission.
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D002923:Cilia / Q000032:analysis* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000032:analysis*; D008566:Membranes / Q000032:analysis / Q000201:enzymology; D010247:Paramecium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000648:ultrastructure
D007473:Ion Channels; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D002118:Calcium