title: Verapamil: influence upon basal and stimulated rat growth hormone and prolactin release in vitro.
abstract: Verapamil is an organic calcium antagonist which is believed to prevent the passage of calcium (Ca2+) across the cell membrane into the cell. In a rat pituitary perifusion-immunoprecipitation system, verapamil (50 microM) prevents the inhibitory effect of increased extracellular Ca2+ (5.4 mM) on basal and stimulated release of stored, prelabeled [3H]GH and [3H]PRL. [3H]GH release from pituitary explants perifused in standard medium (GIBCO Minimum Essential Medium: 1.8 mM Ca2+) is transiently increased by 50 microM verapamil while [3H]PRL release is suppressed. With continued exposure to 50 microM verapamil, [3H]GH release rates fall below (89.8 +/- 2.1% of base) preverapamil levels while [3H]PRL release rates simply remain suppressed (48.2 +/- 7.3% of base). With 250 microM verapamil, poststimulatory inhibition of [3H]GH release occurs more quickly, and after its withdrawal rebound release of both GH and PRL occur. Inhibition of [3H]GH release by 25 nM somatostatin (SRIF) and post-SRIF rebound [3H]GH release is not prevented by 50 microM verapamil. The early, rapid [3H]GH release phase of 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) stimulation is potentiated by verapamil pretreatment, but only if the verapamil is continued during dbcAMP stimulation. Potassium (21 mM K+)-stimulated release of both 3H-labeled hormones is inhibited after similar pretreatment 50 microM verapamil.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (a) verapamil antagonizes the inhibitory effects of increased extracellular Ca2+ on basal or dbcAMP-stimulated [3H]GH and [3H]PRL release; (b) in standard medium (1.8 mM Ca2+), 50 microM verapamil increases basal [3H]GH release suggesting either a direct effect or an antagonism of 1.8 mM extracellular Ca2+; (c) although verapamil-sensitive Ca2+ movement is not necessary for dbcAMP stimulation of [3H]GH release, verapamil potentiates dbcAMP-stimulated release; (d) because verapamil also inhibits K+-stimulated [3H]GH and [3H]PRL release, these observations support previous suggestions that K+- and dbcAMP-stimulated rapid hormone release occurs from different intracellular sites; and (e) because verapamil does not prevent any phase of SRIF action and since these two agents differentially alter K+- and cAMP-stimulated release, their mechanisms of action must partially differ.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D010477:Perfusion; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D013004:Somatostatin; D003994:Bucladesine; D011388:Prolactin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D014700:Verapamil; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium