title: Gallstones presenting as mental and physical debility in the elderly.
abstract: Within 1 year six elderly patients (aged 80-89 years) were admitted because of non-specific deterioration in mental or physical well-being. In no instance was hepatobiliary disease suspected at the time of hospital admission. One patient presented with intermittent confusion only. The other five were referred with "falls" or having "gone off legs", with malaise, confusion, or incontinence. All had raised alkaline phosphatase levels of 159-1230 IU/l, which led to investigation of the biliary tree. At endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography all were shown to have biliary disease (three common duct stones, one gallbladder calculus, one an abscess, and one a widely dilated common bileduct ). With appropriate treatment (endoscopic sphincterotomy for two, surgery for two, and antibiotics alone for two), all showed a gratifying return of mobility and mental function. Biliary disease is a treatable cause of chronic ill health in the elderly and should be excluded, even in the absence of "classical" symptoms, when there is abnormal liver function.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003221:Confusion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology