title: Water fittings as sources of Legionella pneumophila in a hospital plumbing system.
abstract: An extensive study of the plumbing systems in Kingston Hospital was made over the three years following the 1980 outbreak of legionnaires' disease. The introduction of chlorination and raising the water temperature controlled the outbreak but failed to decontaminate water outlets in the wards. Legionella pneumophila was isolated from rubber washers in shower fittings, and laboratory experiments demonstrated the ability of L pneumophila to grow in water in contact with these rubber components. All the components in the hospital's fittings were replaced with an approved type, and since then L pneumophila has not been isolated from water or components.
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D007875:Legionella / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007877:Legionnaires' Disease / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008284:Maintenance and Engineering, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D012408:Rubber; D012498:Sanitary Engineering / Q000592:standards*; D013696:Temperature; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002713:Chlorine; D012408:Rubber