title: Modulation of amino acid transport in preimplantation mouse embryos by low concentrations of non-ionic and zwitterionic detergents.
abstract: In 4-cell embryos (but not in blastocysts), Triton X-100, a non-ionic detergent, stimulated leucine, phenylalanine, methionine and glutamic acid transport from 1.6 to 3.2-fold. All of these amino acids were transported exclusively by a sodium-independent mechanism. Triton X-100, however, did not stimulate the transport of other amino acids tested in 4-cell embryos. Furthermore, phenylalanine transport rates were stimulated about 2-fold at the 4-cell stage by all of the non-ionic and zwitterionic detergents tested at concentrations which were approximately one-tenth of the critical micellar concentration for each detergent. These concentrations did not block development, disrupt the cells, or make the cell membranes freely permeable. At the blastocyst stage, Z312, a zwitterionic detergent, inhibited the transport of phenylalanine and alanine and stimulated the transport of lysine, a pattern previously found to be linked to the sodium-dependent amino acid transport mechanism. We suggest that Z312 may be acting upon some component of sodium-dependent amino acid transport in blastocysts. The non-ionic and zwitterionic detergents seemed to have a common effect on amino acid transport in 4-cell embryos but elicited varied transport responses from blastocysts. These differential responses to detergents by blastocysts may reflect intrinsic changes in membrane composition and/or organization which occur during the normal course of preimplantation development.
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005971:Glutamates / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism; D008715:Methionine / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D017830:Octoxynol; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000378:metabolism; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D003902:Detergents; D005960:Glucosides; D005971:Glutamates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C034730:zwittergent 3-12; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D010649:Phenylalanine; D017830:Octoxynol; D008715:Methionine; D007930:Leucine