title: Effect of enamine derivatives on the rectal absorption of insulin in dogs and rabbits.
abstract: Enamine derivatives resulting from the reaction between ethyl acetoacetate and amino acids were found to promote rectal absorption of insulin in normal rabbits, with the enamine of sodium DL-phenylalanate being the most effective adjuvant tested. Results of glucose tolerance tests in fasted alloxan diabetic rabbits showed that after oral administration of glucose, insulin suppositories containing enamines derived from either sodium phenylalanine or leucine were able to lower the serum glucose level to within the normal range for more than 2.5 h. The absorption-promoting effect of the sodium DL-phenylalanate enamine on rectal absorption of insulin in dogs was studied in two different formulations, gelatin microenema and suppository. The gelatin microenema containing the insulin solution caused a greater increase in the plasma insulin level than that obtained after administration of an insulin suppository.
mesh_terms: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D000588:Amines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D012007:Rectum; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D000588:Amines; D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin