Comparative hemodynamic effects of digoxin vs nitroprusside in conscious dogs with aortocaval fistula-induced chronic left ventricular volume overload and normal systolic performance.
We compared the effects of IV digoxin (0.04 mg/kg) and nitroprusside (NP) (1.2 and 1.8 microgram/kg/min) on left ventricular (LV) performance in six preinstrumented conscious dogs with 3 and 6 hours after digoxin administration (serum level, 3.5 +/- 0.6 ng/ml), there were no changes in heart rate, LV systolic (LVSP) and end-diastolic (LVEDP) pressures, LV dimensions, LV dP/dtmax, or percent minor diameter shortening as compared to control values in the resting state, after beta blockade, or during phenylephrine infusion. By contrast, NP produced a significant reduction (p less than 0.05) in LVEDP (16 +/- 3 to 10 +/- 3 mm Hg) at the smaller dose which caused no change in mean aortic pressure. The larger dose of NP further reduced LVEDP and evoked significant (p less than 0.05) decreases in LVSP (124 +/- 5 to 117 +/- 7 mm Hg), mean aortic pressure (85 +/- 3 to 78 +/- 5 mm Hg), and LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) (53.0 +/- 5.5 to 52.0 +/- 5.7 mm), while augmenting LV dp/dtmax (3288 +/- 266 to 3647 +/- 130 mm Hg/sec). Beta blockade with IV propranolol (2.0 mg/kg) prevented the rise in LV dP/dtmax after high-dose NP administration but did not alter the reductions in mean aortic pressure, LVEDP, and LVEDD. This study indicates that NP, but not digitalis, has a favorable effect on LV hemodynamics in the volume-overloaded heart with normal LV systolic contraction and high-output CHF resulting from increased blood volume and reduced LV diastolic compliance. At least part of the apparent improvement in LV performance observed with high-dose NP is sympathetically mediated since it can be attenuated by beta blockade.
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004077:Digoxin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005292:Ferricyanides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000601:surgery
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D005292:Ferricyanides; D009599:Nitroprusside; D004077:Digoxin; D011433:Propranolol