title: Metabolic activation of glutamic acid pyrolysis products, 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole and 2-amino-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole, by purified cytochrome P-450.
abstract: Metabolic activation by cytochrome P-450 of glutamic acid pyrolysis products, 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a:3',2'-d)imidazole (Glu-P-1) and 2-amino-dipyrido(1,2,-a:3',2'-d)imidazole (Glu-P-2), to mutagenic metabolites was studied using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 as a tester strain. Cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and NADPH were essential requirements for the activation of these compounds. Of the four forms of cytochrome P-450 examined, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) P-448 and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) P-448 purified from liver microsomes of rats treated with a PCB mixture and MC, respectively, showed high activity in the activation of both Glu-P-1 and Glu-P-2. The presence of three metabolites from Glu-P-1 or Glu-P-2 was demonstrated by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. Among the metabolites of Glu-P-1, two metabolites were mutagenic without any further enzymatic activation. In accordance with the results of a mutation assay, PCB P-448 also exhibited higher activity to form the major mutagenic metabolite of Glu-P-1. The major active metabolite of Glu-P-1 was characterized as N-hydroxy-Glu-P-1 by chemical analysis using oxidizing and reducing reagents and by mass spectrometry.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D005971:Glutamates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005971:Glutamates; D007093:Imidazoles; D009153:Mutagens; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C023785:2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a-3',2'-d)imidazole; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; C023847:Glu-P-2