title: Modulation of poly(A)(+)mRNA-metabolizing and transporting systems under special consideration of microtubule protein and actin.
abstract: At present, three enzymes are known which participate in regulation of polyadenylation and polydeadenylation of eukaryotic mRNA: poly(A) polymerase, endoribonuclease IV and 2',3'-exoribonuclease. Moreover, poly(A)-associated proteins as well as the cytoskeletal proteins actin and tubulin have been found to be involved in poly(A) metabolism of mRNA; their modulation effects on poly(A) metabolizing enzyme systems will be described in greater detail. Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of poly(A)-containing mRNA is thought to be mediated by nuclear-envelope nucleoside triphosphatase. The stimulation of this enzyme by the poly(A) segment of mRNA and its modulation by microtubule protein are discussed in the second part of this review.
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D002417:Cattle; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D005095:Exoribonucleases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011061:Poly A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011062:Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011061:Poly A; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases; D011062:Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase; D004722:Endoribonucleases; D005095:Exoribonucleases; C024843:poly A specific exoribonuclease; C028794:endoribonuclease IV