title: Identification and pharmacological characteristics of the two giant neurons, v-RPLN and v-VNAN, on the ventral surface in the suboesophageal ganglia of the African giant snail (Achatina fulica Férussac).
abstract: Two giant neurons, v- RPLN (ventral-right parietal large neuron) and v- VNAN (ventral-visceral noisy autoactive neuron), were identified on the ventral surface in the caudal part of the suboesophageal ganglia of the African giant snail (Achatina fulica F erussac ), and their pharmacological features to the common putative neurotransmitters and their related substances were examined. The giant neuron examined, v- RPLN , is situated in front of the exit of the right anterior pallial nerve in the right parietal ganglion. The neuron, which is 250-300 microns in diameter, one of the largest neurons in the ganglia, was usually silent without spontaneous firing. The neuron was excited by L-norepinephrine (L-NE), DL-octopamine (DL-OA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), L-homocysteic acid (L-HCA) and erythro-beta-hydroxy-L-glutamic acid (erythro-L- BHGA ); and inhibited by dopamine (DA), GABA, acetylcholine (Ach) and its related substances. Another giant neuron examined, v- VNAN , is situated very close to the right side of the exit of the right posterior pallial nerve in the visceral ganglion. The neuron is elliptical and about 150 micron in diameter. It showed spontaneous firing highly modified by the synaptic influences. DA, 5-HT, glycine (Gly), GABA and its related substances, L-HCA, erythro-L- BHGA , and Ach and its related substances all had the direct (not via synaptic influences) excitatory effects on the neuromembrane examined. Some of them, for example, L-NE, 5-HT and Ach and its related substances caused transient excitation of the neuron, probably due to the synaptic influences, immediately after their application. No substance producing any inhibition of the neuron could be found in the present study.
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005724:Ganglia / Q000166:cytology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009655:Octopamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012908:Snails / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
chemical_list: D009655:Octopamine; D000109:Acetylcholine; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine