Beta-carbolines: synthesis and neurochemical and pharmacological actions on brain benzodiazepine receptors.
We have prepared a series of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines (TH beta C), beta-carbolines (beta-C), and other nitrogen heterocycles and evaluated them in vitro with respect to their ability to bind to benzodiazepine receptors. The fully aromatic beta-C's were more potent than their corresponding TH beta C derivatives. When substituents possessing a carbonyl (CO2Me, COCH3, CHO) were introduced at the beta-C 3-position the in vitro potency was augmented. Alcohol substituents (CH2OH, CHOHCH3) demonstrated decreased in vitro potency. The importance of the carbonyl moiety was further demonstrated when beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid was shown to bind tighter to benzodiazepine receptors at lower pH. A lower pH increases the concentration of the acid and decreases the concentration of the anion. 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-beta-carboline (24), 3-formyl-beta-carboline (25) and 3-acetyl-beta-carboline (27) were benzodiazepine antagonists in vivo. Methyl isoquinoline-3-carboxylate (31a) also had in vitro activity. The same structure-activity relationships seen in beta-C's were also observed for isoquinolines.
D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002243:Carbolines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D003975:Diazepam / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D007211:Indoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011955:Receptors, Drug / Q000378:metabolism*; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002243:Carbolines; D007211:Indoles; D011955:Receptors, Drug; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; C009804:tryptoline; D003975:Diazepam; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole