title: [The diffuse endocrine system and the carcinoids of the alimentary tract. Part I: Orthological aspects and common morphological features of the carcinoids (author's transl)].
abstract: Carcinoids arise from the so-called system of diffuse clear cells. Because of common histochemical properties it was proposed in the APUD-concept that these endocrine cells are of neural crest origin. As for the gastrointestinal tract endocrine cells this embryological derivation is disputed. Modern methods have led to the identification of about 18 distinct cell types. - According to the different localization of these cells in the alimentary canal the carcinoids show various histological structures i.e., a solid, trabecular, adenoid, undifferentiated and mixed growth. According to the reactivity to silver salts one can distinguish argentaffin, argyrophil and argyrophobe carcinoids. Biochemically and immunohistochemically some carcinoids are multihormonal, while others show paraendocrine hormone production. Small cell anaplastic carcinomas with endocrine granules are highly malignant variants of the carcinoids. There may be a mixed endo- and exocrine (amphicrine) differentiation in normal cells and in the so-called mucicarcinoids.
mesh_terms: D001078:APUD Cells / Q000473:pathology; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D001063:Appendiceal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology*; D002330:Carmustine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004064:Digestive System / Q000166:cytology; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004702:Endocrine Glands / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007078:Ileal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D007417:Intestinal Polyps / Q000601:surgery; D007580:Jejunal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009377:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia / Q000378:metabolism; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology; D005641:Tegafur / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005641:Tegafur; D004317:Doxorubicin; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D005472:Fluorouracil; D002330:Carmustine
vernacular_title: Das diffuse endokrine System und die Karzinoide des Gastrointestinaltraktes. Teil 1: Orthologische Gesichtspunkte und allgemeine Pathologie der Karzinoide.