The biochemistry of memory: a new and specific hypothesis.
Recent studies have uncovered a synaptic process with properties required for an intermediate step in memory storage. Calcium rapidly and irreversibly increases the number of receptors for glutamate (a probable neurotransmitter) in forebrain synaptic membranes by activating a proteinase (calpain) that degrades fodrin, a spectrin-like protein. This process provides a means through which physiological activity could produce long-lasting changes in synaptic chemistry and ultrastructure. Since the process is only poorly represented in the brain stem, it is hypothesized to be responsible for those forms of memory localized in the telencephalon.
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002154:Calpain; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000502:physiology; D005971:Glutamates / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter / Q000502:physiology; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology; D013570:Synaptic Membranes / Q000502:physiology; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000502:physiology; D013049:Spectrin
D002118:Calcium; D002154:Calpain; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D010450:Endopeptidases; D005971:Glutamates; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007976:Leupeptins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D017981:Receptors, Neurotransmitter; D013049:Spectrin; C032854:leupeptin