title: Acetazolamide inhibition of renal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
abstract: The effect of acetazolamide (AZ) on renal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2) activity (gamma-GT) was studied with the purified enzyme, subcellular fractions, and in the isolated functioning kidney. Activity of gamma-GT was assessed using either one of two gamma-glutamyl donors, gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (gamma GpNA) or glutamine, and either the gamma-glutamyl acceptor glycylglycine (Gly-Gly) or methionine (Met). With the microsomal enzyme and beta-GpNA, AZ was shown to inhibit p-nitroaniline (p-NA) formation; however, gamma-GpNA Km remained unchanged (1.8 mM), while the Vmax was reduced significantly, 333 vs 200 mumoles . min-1 . mg-1. Adding Gly-Gly removed AZ inhibition, while AZ elevated the apparent Km from Gly-Gly from 16 to 48; AZ inhibition of gamma-GT activity resulted in a decrease in gamma-glutamyl-Gly-Gly formation consistent with interaction at the gamma-glutamyl acceptor site. With glutamine as the beta-glutamyl donor, AZ reduced NH3 and apparent gamma-glutamylmethionine formation in the purified enzyme in agreement with inhibition at the acceptor site. In the functioning kidney, perfused with 10(-3)M L- or D-glutamine, AZ (10(-3)M) markedly reduced NH3 formation and increased glutamine excretion, results consistent with AZ inhibition of the in situ gamma-GT.
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005971:Glutamates / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000201:enzymology; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D005971:Glutamates; D005973:Glutamine; C001300:gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide; D000641:Ammonia; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D000086:Acetazolamide