title: Transmitter release modulated by alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists in the rabbit mesenteric artery: a comparison between noradrenaline outflow and electrical activity.
abstract: Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor blockers (prazosin, yohimbine, phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine) on the outflow of noradrenaline (NA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG) during perivascular nerve stimulation were observed in relation to electrical events in the rabbit mesenteric artery. Cocaine or imipramine increased the NA outflow and reduced the DOPEG outflow induced by nerve stimulation. In the absence of stimulation, cocaine and imipramine did not significantly modify the NA and DOPEG outflows. The alpha-adrenoceptor blockers we used enhanced the NA and DOPEG outflow during nerve stimulation, in a dose-dependent manner; the potency of the enhancement was higher for phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine than for prazosin and yohimbine. Higher concentrations (10(-5) M) of yohimbine reduced the NA and DOPEG outflows induced by nerve stimulation. Prazosin increased the DOPEG outflow in the absence of stimulation, and this effect was not inhibited by pretreatment with cocaine. Guanethidine increased the NA and DOPEG outflow in the absence of stimulation, and the NA outflow was reduced during nerve stimulation. These effects of guanethidine were prevented by pretreatment with cocaine or imipramine. Perivascular nerve stimulation evoked excitatory junction potentials (e.j.ps) and with high frequency stimulation, slow depolarization and spike potentials. Application of phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine or yohimbine enhanced, and of prazosin had no effect, on the amplitude of the e.j.p. Spike potentials were not affected by these alpha-adrenoceptor blockers. Slow depolarization ceased in the presence of prazosin, phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine, and was slightly inhibited by yohimbine. Guanethidine blocked all of these electrical responses induced by perivascular nerve stimulation. Application of prazosin, phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine did not alter the resting membrane potential of the smooth muscle cells. Depolarizations of smooth muscle membrane produced by exogenously applied NA were inhibited by prazosin, phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine. Yohimbine itself depolarized the membrane and the inhibitory effects on the NA-induced depolarization were weaker. We conclude that the smooth muscle membrane of the rabbit mesenteric artery possesses alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Increase in NA outflow by alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists during nerve stimulation was not always consistent with increase in e.j.p. amplitude, presumably due to involvement of actions other than alpha-adrenoceptor blockade with each of these antagonists.
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006145:Guanethidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008566:Membranes / Q000502:physiology; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D009045:Motor Endplate / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; D003042:Cocaine; C010117:3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol; D009638:Norepinephrine; D006145:Guanethidine