title: Bee-sting diseases: Who is at risk? What is the treatment?
abstract: Many of the large number of people who are stung each year by bees experience frightening systemic reactions, but the vast majority of such reactions are not life-threatening. There is no evidence that the very few who die as a result of a bee sting come from the pool of those who once before sustained a systemic reaction. On the contrary, no reaction at all may be a more ominous predictor of a lethal outcome on a subsequent sting. Death comes about through multiple mechanisms, and not through anaphylaxis alone. Like most cases of sudden death, underlying coronary atherosclerosis appears to be the principal mechanism. External factors that affect mortality include environmental temperature and site of sting. In general, however, because the numbers of deaths are so small, death comes unpredictably, and those at risk have not been identified. Immunotherapy, whether with venom or whole-body extract, has not been proven to prevent death from a bee sting.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000401:mortality; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000401:mortality; D001516:Bees; D002648:Child; D003645:Death, Sudden / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014481:United States