title: Historical perspectives on protein phosphorylation and a classification system for protein kinases.
abstract: Work on the phosphorylation of proteins as a dynamic process involved in the regulation of biological processes started in the 1950s with the finding that phosphorylase a and phosphorylase b are phospho and dephospho forms of the same enzyme. The field expanded sharply in the late 1960s with the discovery of the cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, and it is now clear that phosphorylation-dephosphorylation constitutes a major type of regulation almost as common as allosteric control. The protein kinases, which catalyse the phosphorylation step in various phosphorylation-dephosphorylation systems, can be divided into two main classes, the serine-threonine protein kinases and the tyrosine protein kinases. Each class can be subdivided into groups or entities depending on the nature of the agent(s) that regulate activity.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006006:Glycogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010764:Phosphorylase Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D006005:Phosphorylases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000145:classification*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011768:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D011768:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; D006003:Glycogen; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006005:Phosphorylases; D006006:Glycogen Synthase; D011494:Protein Kinases; D010764:Phosphorylase Kinase