title: The circadian rhythm of guanylate cyclase and its interrelationship to rat liver chalone.
abstract: Guanylate cyclase [E.C.4.6.1.2], the enzyme that catalyzes the production of cyclic GMP, was found to have a circadian rhythm in chick embryo livers with peak levels of basal activity at 9 p.m. and with another peak of activity at 6 a.m. The lowest levels of basal activity were at 3 a.m. and 3 p.m. Liver contains an inhibitor of cellular mitosis, i.e., chalone, which has its maximal inhibitory effect on mitosis when isolated at 9 p.m. Utilizing this 9 p.m. liver chalone in vivo reinforced the endogenous rhythm of guanylate cyclase but reset it at a higher level 4 hours after injection. This maximally effective hepatic chalone inhibited guanylate cyclase activity in vitro approximately 50 percent in rat liver, kidney, small intestine, heart and pancreas.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008938:Mitosis; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP