A diet enriched in vitamin A acetate or in vivo administration of interleukin-2 can counteract a tolerogenic stimulus.
A conventional diet enriched in retinyl acetate (vitamin A acetate; VAA) or in vivo administration of exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) can effectively annul the otherwise tolerogenic stimulus represented by (CBA X C57BL/10ScSn) F1 cells injected intraperitoneally into newborn CBA mice. On the basis of these data and results of others, we postulate that an antigenic stimulus associated with a relative lack of IL-2 (or generally the lack of a 'secondary stimulus') can be tolerogenic rather than immunogenic. However, the tolerogenicity of the antigenic stimulus can be substantially reduced or even converted to sensitization (R. P. Cleveland & H. N. Claman, J. Immun. 124, 474-480, 1980), when the antigenic signal is appropriately associated with a concomitant or additional stimulus possibly mediated through IL-2.
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004224:Diterpenes; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000187:drug effects; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
D000941:Antigens; D004224:Diterpenes; D007376:Interleukin-2; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014801:Vitamin A; C009166:retinol acetate