Bismuth chemistry and the glutaraldehyde insensitive staining reaction.
The free metal ion, Bi3+, is the only chemical species of bismuth that stains a strongly bismuth-reactive molecule, polyarginine, in vitro. The bismuth solution specifically requires tartrate as a chelating agent for the reaction to occur between pH 7.4 and 8.0. Since Bi3+ reacts strongly with polyarginine, creatine and ATP fixed to cellulose acetate strips and DEAE-cellulose and P-cellulose, the free metal ion (Bi3+) may bind to phosphate or guanidyl groups, or both, after glutaraldehyde fixation.
D000535:Aluminum; D001729:Bismuth; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D005404:Fixatives; D005976:Glutaral; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007854:Lead; D009532:Nickel; D010455:Peptides; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013644:Tartrates
D005404:Fixatives; D010455:Peptides; D013644:Tartrates; C015462:polyarginine; D007854:Lead; D009532:Nickel; D000535:Aluminum; D005976:Glutaral; D001729:Bismuth; C029768:tartaric acid