title: Brain peptides as neurotransmitters.
abstract: Numerous peptides appear to be neurotransmitter candidates in the brain. Some, such as the opioid peptide enkephalins, neurotensin, and substance P, were first isolaterd from the brain. Peptides, such as cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, were known as intestinal hormones and later recognized as brain constituents. Certain hypothalamic-releasing hormones, pituitary peptides, and blood-derived peptides like angiotensin II and bradykinin, may also be central neurotransmitters. The diversity of localization of these peptides throughout the brain implies a multiplicity of potential roles.
mesh_terms: D000809:Angiotensins / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002336:Carnosine / Q000502:physiology; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000502:physiology; D004723:Endorphins / Q000502:physiology; D005755:Gastrins / Q000502:physiology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009496:Neurotensin / Q000502:physiology; D010455:Peptides / Q000502:physiology*; D010906:Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000502:physiology; D013373:Substance P / Q000502:physiology; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000502:physiology; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000809:Angiotensins; D004723:Endorphins; D005755:Gastrins; D007328:Insulin; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D010906:Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D014667:Vasopressins; D013373:Substance P; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D009496:Neurotensin; D002336:Carnosine; D005934:Glucagon; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D001920:Bradykinin