Effect of malonaldehyde and acetaldehyde on cultured mammalian cells: Growth, morphology, and synthesis of macromolecules.
Primary cultures of rat skin fibroblasts were used as a model system to investigate the biological effects of the lipid peroxidation product malonaldehyde (MA). Acetaldehyde (AA) was used as a reference compound. Cells exposed to 10-3 M MA for 120 h exhibited altered morphology, cytoplasmic vacuolization, karyorrhexis, micro- and multinucleation, and a marked reduciton in mitotic index and DNA-, RNA-, and protein-synthesizing capacity. At 10-4 M, MA also caused mitotic aberrations, micronucleation, and a reduction in mitotic index and DNA synthesis. At 10-5 and 10-6 M, MA induced only the formation of small and irregular nuclei. Acetaldehyde at 10-3 M had similar but less severe effects on nuclear morphology, mitotic index, and macromolecule synthesis. At 10-4 M AA, only mitotic aberrations and nuclear changes were observed. At 10-5 and 10-6 M, AA exerted no apparent effects on either the structure or anabolic activity of the cells. With respect to antimitotic activity, MA was approximately 10 times as toxic as AA.
D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008314:Malonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats
D008314:Malonates; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D000079:Acetaldehyde