title: Late unheralded pacemaker pocket infection due to Staphylococcus epidermidis: a new clinical entity.
abstract: Late pacemaker pocket infections in the absence of predisposing factors such as multiple pacemaker related procedures, skin erosion, chest wall trauma or generalized sepsis have been rarely reported. In the past year, we have seen three late pocket infections (18, 32 and 47 months post-implantation) due to Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). All three patients with late S. epidermidis infections presented with painless swelling over the pulse generator site and had been well until shortly before admission. The patients denied febrile illnesses or chest trauma in the preceding year and no skin erosion was evident. All had been seen regularly in clinic and bimonthly transtelephonic recordings had shown normal pacemaker function. Local drainage, antibiotics and removal of the pacing system was successful in all three patients. We conclude that late pacemaker pocket infections due to S. epidermidis may become an important clinical problem in this era of long-lasting pulse generators. In light of the insidious nature of S. epidermidis infections, regular inspection of the pocket area by both patient and physician is mandatory.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy