title: Rapid and reliable method for diagnostic electron microscopy of faeces.
abstract: Four methods are described for examining viruses in faeces by electron microscopy using negative staining. Faeces samples from a total of 180 patients with diarrhoea illnesses were processed for electron microscopy by the direct staining technique, pseudoreplica technique, microsolute concentration technique and by ultracentrifugation. Virus particles (including rotaviruses and adenoviruses) were found in fifty-five (31%) samples when the results of all methods were combined. Bacteriophages were found in thirty of the samples which were read virus negative. Herpesviruses were also found in the faecal samples of two patients with diarrhoea illness. Parvovirus-like particles were identified in one sample which was rotavirus and adenovirus positive. Calicivirus-like particles were found in a sample which was adenovirus positive. With the direct staining technique thirty-six (20%) samples contain virus particles; with microsolute concentration technique forty-eight (27%) samples contain virus particles and with ultracentrifugation thirty-eight (21%) contain virus particles. It is believed the microsolute concentration technique is rapid and more reliable than the pseudoreplica technique and ultracentrifugation method, and is a more preferable method for the diagnosis of faecal sample by electron microscopy.
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002139:Caliciviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods*; D010321:Parvoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014461:Ultracentrifugation; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014780:Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification*