title: [Nephrotoxicity of contrast media. Comparison of iopamidol and diatrizoate by measurement of urinary enzymes after urography].
abstract: An ionic (diatrizoate) and a non ionic (iopamidole) radiocontrast medium were compared as to their nephrotoxicity in a cohort of 21 patients with renal disease, 18 of which with normal renal function. The elevation of the urinary excretion of enzymes from renal tubular cells has been considered as a good index for renal tubular damage. We measured two lysosomal enzymes (NAG and beta glucuronidase) and a brush-border enzyme (gamma GT). In all patients we demonstrated an elevation of urinary excretion of the three enzymes already 12 hours after contrast medium administration. However, the elevation was statistically significant only after employment of the ionic contrast medium and concerned gamma GT and beta-glucuronidase; the urinary excretion of NAG did not vary significantly. Urinary enzymes levels returned to basal values 36 hours after intravenous pyelography. In conclusion, iopamidole showed a lower nephrotoxicity with respect to diatrizoate, as demonstrated by the lower levels of urinary enzymes excretion reached after its use.
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000652:urine; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000633:toxicity*; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D014567:Urography; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D005966:Glucuronidase; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase
vernacular_title: Nefrotossicità da mezzi di contrasto. Confronto tra iopamidolo e diatrizoato mediante dosaggio di enzimi urinari dopo urografia.