title: The effect of ergot alkaloids ergosinine, dihydroergosine and dihydroergotamine on neurotransmission and contractility of the isolated ileum of the guinea-pig.
abstract: The effects of ergosinine (ESNN), dihydroergosine (DHESN) and dihydroergotamine (DHE) on contractions of the isolated terminal and middle segments of the guinea-pig ileum were studied in-vitro. Responses to cholinergic (3 Hz) and adrenergic stimulation (30 Hz in the presence of atropine) were inhibited, albeit at high concentrations of all three alkaloids (1-30 micrograms ml-1). Cholinergic neurotransmission was surprisingly more affected than adrenergic transmission. Noradrenaline (NA) contractions, however, were inhibited at very low concentrations (1-30 ng ml-1) with the following order of potency: DHESN = DHE greater than ESNN. Prazosin was equally as potent as DHESN in inhibiting NA contractions and similarly potent in inhibiting responses to adrenergic stimulation. ESNN, DHESN and DHE when used at concentrations from 1-30 micrograms ml-1 were also found to inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine greater than histamine greater than acetylcholine greater than KCl contractions. The results suggest that the principal pharmacological action of ESNN, DHESN and DHE on the guinea-pig isolated ileum is the antagonism to NA on the postsynaptic and extrajunctional population of alpha-adrenoceptors. The neurotransmission, adrenergic as well as cholinergic, appeared to be inhibited via a non-specific presynaptic mechanism presumably regulating the transmitter release. Anti-5-hydroxytryptamine, anti-acetylcholine and antihistamine actions were obtained at similar and relatively high concentrations, thus pointing to a non-specific depressant action upon a common mechanism regulating the contractility of the smooth muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D004087:Dihydroergotamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004879:Ergotamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004879:Ergotamines; D004087:Dihydroergotamine; C030041:ergosine; C037580:9,10-dihydroergosine; D000109:Acetylcholine; D009638:Norepinephrine