Resistance to highly virulent mouse hepatitis virus acquired by mice after low-virulence infection: enhanced antiviral activity of macrophages.
As early as 1 to 2 days after intranasal inoculation with a mouse hepatitis virus of low virulence, MHV-S, susceptible DDD mice became fully resistant to a normally lethal challenge with a highly virulent MHV-2. The resistance of MHV-S-pretreated mice was correlated with significantly decreased MHV-2 multiplication in the liver, spleen, and brain. Infection with MHV-S did not induce a high level of interferon in DDD mice, and no neutralizing antibody against MHV-2 was detected in the sera of mice until day 6 of MHV-S infection. The multiplication of MHV-2 was suppressed in peritoneal cells (PC) in vivo and peritoneal adherent cells (PAC) in vitro of MHV-S-pretreated mice was compared with those of normal mice. This suppression of virus multiplication was demonstrated in PAC collected during days 1 to 3 of infection but not in PAC collected from day 5 on. PC from MHV-S-pretreated mice were also suppressive to MHV-2 growth in DK cells as compared with PC from normal mice. By treatment of MHV-S-pretreated mice with silica, suppression of virus growth in the liver was partially diminished. These findings suggest that increased suppression of MHV-2 growth in PAC (mostly macrophages) of MHV-S-pretreated mice is responsible for resistance.
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006520:Hepatitis, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D007372:Interferons / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D006517:Murine hepatitis virus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007372:Interferons