Hydroxyethyl starch.
HES products should be designated by both their number average of molecular weight (that determines colloidal activity) and molar substitution ratios. In addition to the original HES-70/70 developed in 1960, a rapidly excreted HES-50/50 has been available since 1977. HES-70/70 and human albumin are equivalent in both healthy and hypoalbuminemia subjects in regard to maximal and total effects on plasma volume, intravascular colloidal activity and plasma concentration of ingested colloid. Albumin and HES-70/70 are extravasated at nearly equal rates. Albumin elimination is predominantly monoexponential. HES-70/70 however, is partly metabolized and partly excreted in urine at rates that decrease progressively as the amount remaining in the body decreases. HES-50/50 has maximal effects on plasma volume and colloidal activity similar to those of dextran-40, but it is eliminated twice as rapidly and unlike dextran-40, does not accumulate on repeated ingestion of large doses. HES ingestion increases apparent serum activity of alpha amylase by slowing enzyme elimination. Anaphylactoid reactions have been infrequent and mild, even on repetitive ingestion in recurrent "Phoresis" donors. The effect of HES on coagulation in urine but does not slow urine flow by hyperviscosity. Hydroxyethylation of waxy starches yields safe colloids with the advantage of permitting selective control of drug effects by altering independently molecular size and rate of enzymatic hydrolysis, tailoring drug kinetics to specific uses.
D000818:Animals; D003102:Colloids; D003911:Dextrans / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D010953:Plasma Volume; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013213:Starch / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000378:metabolism
D003102:Colloids; D003911:Dextrans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D012709:Serum Albumin; D013213:Starch; D000516:alpha-Amylases