Children of methadone-maintained mothers: follow-up to 18 months of age.
Limited information is available on the long-term effects of in utero methadone exposure. This report describes the somatic and neurobehavioral findings of children in the first 18 months of life born to methadone-maintained mothers and to a matched drug-free comparison group of mothers. Findings during the neonatal period were (1) a 75% incidence of moderate-to-severe narcotic abstinence syndrome, (2) a significant incidence of head circumferences below the third percentile, and (3) elevated systolic blood pressure. In follow-up, the methadone children had (1) a significantly higher incidence of otitis media; (2) a significant incidence of head circumferences below the third percentile; (3) neurologic findings of tone discrepancies, developmental delays, and poor fine motor coordination; (4) a high incidence of abnormal eye findings; and (5) significantly lower scores on the Bayley mental and motor developmental indices. These neurobehavioral findings in children of methadone-treated mothers at 18 months of age may be predictors of later learning and behavioral problems.
D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009122:Muscle Hypertonia / Q000139:chemically induced; D009123:Muscle Hypotonia / Q000139:chemically induced; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000139:chemically induced; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012737:Sex Factors; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology
D008691:Methadone