title: [Surgeons and the spirit of surgery in France during the 18th century].
abstract: In less than a century, French surgery changed completely by ceasing to be an uncertain technique practised by routine practitioners and becoming a scientific discipline. This transformation involves the 4 following aspects: 1. The surgeon becomes an anatomist, a scientist, a clinician and a pathologist. 2. New structures and new teaching methods are adopted. 3. The separation between medicine and surgery progressively decreases; if not structurally at least in fact, surgery becomes associated to medicine. 4. Surgery takes a prominent place in the private life of the French. In the light of these facts, it could be said that surgery has developed medicine to a point where it raises new hopes for the scientific world and gains the support and esteem of the public at the end of the XVIIIth century.
mesh_terms: D000715:Anatomy / Q000266:history; D004210:Dissection / Q000266:history; D005602:France; D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history*; D049671:History, 18th Century; D006801:Humans; D010297:Paris; D010340:Pathology, Surgical / Q000266:history
vernacular_title: Les chirurgiens et l'espirit chirurgical en France au XVIIIème siècle.