title: Voltage-dependent effect of a scorpion toxin on sodium current inactivation.
abstract: In voltage clamped nodes of Ranvier inactivation of the sodium permeability is slowed by toxin V from the scorpion Centruroides sculpturatus, by sea anemone toxin ATX II or by internally applied KIO3. The slow decay of the Na inward current is markedly accelerated if the test pulse is preceded by a depolarizing conditioning pulse followed by a 10-500 ms pause. This phenomenon was studied in detail, using conditioning pulses of varying amplitude and up to 15 s duration. In nodes treated with toxin V a 20 ms conditioning pulse to positive potentials was sufficient to produce a clear acceleration of the decay of the Na current and a reduction of the inward current remaining at the end of a 50 ms test pulse, i.e. a weakening of the toxin effect. In nodes treated with ATX II or internal KIO3 longer conditioning pulses were required. A similar effect of conditioning pulses on the decaying phase of the Na current was also observed in untreated fibres. To study the phenomenon quantitatively we fitted the decaying phase of the inward Na current with the equation INa = A exp(-t/tau 1) + B exp(-t/tau 2) + C. The effect of depolarizing conditioning pulses could be described as an increase of A, a decrease of B and C and a reduction of the time constants tau 1 and tau 2. I50/Ipeak, the normalised inward current remaining at the end of a 50 ms test pulse, decreased exponentially with increasing duration of the conditioning pulse to a steady-state value. The time constant tau and the steady-state value depended on the potential during the conditioning pulse. For nodes treated with toxin V, tau was 0.24 s at 0 mV and 12 degrees C and half inhibition occurred at -42 mV. The time constant tau was larger for nodes treated with ATX II or internal KIO3. At positive potentials, I50 was reduced to 20% of the control value in toxin V-treated nodes, but only to 70% in KIO3-treated nodes. Recovery from the effect of the conditioning pulse was studied by varying the pause between conditioning pulse and test pulse; recovery was 66-100% complete after 500 ms. The results are interpreted by assuming that a depolarizing conditioning pulse (a) accelerates inactivation of the sodium permeability and (b) causes dissociation of the toxin-receptor complex or transition into an inactive state. The latter effect occurs in toxin V-treated fibres but not in those treated with ATX II or KIO3.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology; D007452:Iodates / Q000494:pharmacology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D011893:Rana esculenta; D011901:Ranvier's Nodes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012604:Scorpion Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012615:Sea Anemones; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms; D007452:Iodates; D007473:Ion Channels; D009498:Neurotoxins; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D012604:Scorpion Venoms; C033843:toxin V; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; C028800:toxin II (Anemonia sulcata); D012964:Sodium; C039693:potassium iodate; D011188:Potassium