title: Pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation: effects on the coupling of inhibitory receptors to the adenylate cyclase system.
abstract: The adenylate cyclase system consists of stimulatory and inhibitory hormone and drug receptors coupled through different GTP-binding proteins to a catalytic unit, responsible for the synthesis of cAMP from ATP. Pertussis toxin blocks the effect of inhibitory agonists on the catalytic unit by enzymatically inactivating the inhibitory GTP-binding protein (Gi). Study of the inhibitory arm of the cyclase system has been facilitated by the dissection of the overall process of hormonal inhibition of cAMP formation into a series of reactions characteristic of the individual protein components of this complex system; pertussis toxin has proven to be a useful tool with which to study these individual reactions. Exposure of cells or membranes to pertussis toxin in the presence of NAD results in ADP-ribosylation of a 41,000 Da subunit of Gi. ADP-ribosylation of Gi has a number of effects on the overall and partial reactions of the cyclase system, including a loss of a) hormonal inhibition of cAMP formation, b) hormonal stimulation of GTPase and c) agonist-induced release of membrane-bound guanyl nucleotides. In addition, in toxin-treated membranes, the affinity of inhibitory receptors for agonist but not antagonist is decreased with no significant change in receptor number.
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001886:Bordetella pertussis; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000187:drug effects*; D015293:Transducin
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D004731:Endotoxins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; D015293:Transducin; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases