title: Calmodulin and cyclic AMP. Possible different sites of action of these two regulatory agents in exocytotic hormone release.
abstract: It may now be possible to identify certain intracellular events that impact specifically on secretion-granule fusion to the plasma membrane or on granule lysis. Secretion vesicles in isolated rat islets appear to translocate somatostatin (SRIF) receptors from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. We have proposed that secretion granule fusion to the plasma membrane can be determined by measuring recruitment of SRIF receptors to the surface membrane. Granule lysis can be assessed by measuring insulin release. To activate cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent pathways, we employed isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX, 400 microM), glucagon (10 microM), and forskolin (20 microM), a diterpene activator of adenylate cyclase. These agents evoked rapid release of insulin (from 0.41 +/- 0.02 to 1.88 +/- 0.02; 0.41 +/- 0.02 to 1.93 +/- 0.08; and 0.41 +/- 0.02 to 1.66 +/- 0.03 microU/islet/min, respectively, P less than 0.001). There was no concomitant recruitment of SRIF receptors. Somatostatin (10 micrograms/ml), which inhibits cAMP-stimulated protein phosphorylation, suppresses insulin release evoked by IBMX, glucagon, or forskolin (inhibition: 80, 75, or 82%, respectively). In contrast, trifluoperazine (10 microM), an inhibitor of calmodulin, did not suppress insulin release induced through cAMP-dependent pathways. Trifluoperazine suppresses glucose-induced insulin release and the recruitment of SRIF receptors to the surface membrane, suggesting the possible role of calmodulin in promoting secretion-granule fusion with the plasma membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000502:physiology*; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D005089:Exocytosis; D005934:Glucagon / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D004224:Diterpenes; D006728:Hormones; D007328:Insulin; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D005576:Colforsin; D013004:Somatostatin; D005934:Glucagon; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D005947:Glucose; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine