title: Nonspecific blinding of insulin to gamma globulin in the serum of black patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and other forms of liver disease.
abstract: The study was prompted by the apparent detection of insulin antibodies in a black patient with HCC and recurrent hypoglycemia who had never received insulin. It consisted of two parts. Initially the sera of 30 individuals (six normoglycemic HCC patients, three with HCC and recurrent hypoglycemia, 11 patients with noncancerous liver diseases, and 10 healthy black controls) were analyzed for the presence of insulin (and glucagon) antibodies by precipitating the bound, labeled hormone with ethanol and also by the technique of radioimmunoelectrophoresis. In the nine HCC patients, binding of 125I-insulin averaged 13% by ethanol separation and 0.018 mU/ml with radioimmunoelectrophoresis, levels that were similar to those of patients with noncancerous liver disease and significantly higher than those of the healthy controls. Mean binding of 125I-glucagon was 11% in HCC sera. Serum binding of labeled hormones correlated significantly with IgG concentrations in the patients. The second part of the study attempted to define the nature of insulin binding in HCC and other forms of liver disease. After confirmation of the increased serum binding of labeled insulin by another method of precipitation, PEG, an attempt was made to compete with the labeled insulin for its serum binding sites by adding a large amount of unlabeled insulin. This binding was not displaceable, however, and was therefore considered nonspecific. When the same procedures were repeated using normal serum to which increasing amounts of gamma globulin were added, the nonspecific binding of insulin increased in a linear fashion. Furthermore, a similar degree of high nonspecific insulin binding occurred in six patients with multiple myeloma and raised serum IgG concentrations. We therefore conclude that in the many clinical situations where hypergammaglobulinemia exists, false positive tests for the detection of antibodies against insulin (and probably other peptide hormones) will emerge unless appropriate methods are used to check for nonspecific peptide binding.
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000150:complications; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011485:Protein Binding; D005719:gamma-Globulins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007328:Insulin; D005719:gamma-Globulins; D005934:Glucagon