[Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia (arguments in favor of reentry)].
Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia, defined as the rapid alternation of the QRS complexes with successive opposing axial deviation, is a rare arrhythmia. In the rare cases which have undergone endocavitary investigations, an infrahisian origin has generally been proved. However, the mechanism of these tachycardias remains poorly understood and is discussed with respect to a new case. Bidirectional tachycardia occurred in a 79 year old woman with previous diaphragmatic and anterior wall infarction. It was a wide QRS tachycardia at 180/min with a succession of ventriculogrammes of opposing axis in the frontal plane and permanent right bundle branch block over the right precordium. The two types of tachycardia were observed, monomorphic type A or Type B or a combination of the two realising an A-B bidirectional tachycardia. The origin of these episodes, which occurred on a background of atrial tachycardia at about 100/min, was ventricular as shown by the absence of a His potential before the ventricular complexes in tachycardia. The presence of ventricular extrasystoles with relatively fixed coupling intervals, and the results of endocavitary investigation were suggestive of a reentry phenomenon ventricular extrastimuli were capable of transforming the bidirectional into monomorphic tachycardia and vice versa; this suggests that A was at times the origin of a reentry B, but protected by A, tachycardia B could be sustained. In the light of previously reported cases with documented endocavitary investigation and this new case, it seems possible to talk in terms of true "bidirectional ventricular tachycardia", a tachycardia whose mechanism is obscure but certainly not univocal.
D000368:Aged; D002036:Bundle of His / Q000503:physiopathology; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D005117:Cardiac Complexes, Premature / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
Tachycardie ventriculaire bidirectionnelle (arguments en faveur d'une reentrée).