title: Stimulation of uridine, leucine, and sulfate incorporation into rat cartilage macromolecules by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate.
abstract: Conflicting findings on the ability of cAMP analogs or phophodiesterase inhibitors to stimulate precursor incorporation into macromolecules of rat cartilage have been reported. Therefore, the effects of these compounds on the incorporation of uridine into RNA, leucine into proteins, and sulfate into proteoglycans have been reexamined in cartilage from normal and hypophysectomized rats. When cartilage was incubated for 24 h in a medium with the test agents and then pulsed for 2 h in the basal medium containing labeled precursors, both monobutyryl cAMP (BucAMP) and methylisobutylxanthine (MIX) enhanced the ability of the tissue to incorporate precursors into macromolecules. The effect of BucAMP was significant in most cases at a concentration of 30 microM, optimal at concentrations of 100-300 microM, and diminished at a concentration of 1000 microM. Similar stimulation was produced by dibutyrul cAMP [(Bu)2cAMP] or 8-dimethylamino cAMP, but monobutyryl cGMP was ineffective. MIX in a concentration of 20 microM increased precursor incorporation in most cases, and a concentration of 100 microM was optimal; at a concentration of 500 microM, MIX had no significant effect on leucine or sulfate incorporation. When cartilage from hypophysectomized rats was incubated in a medium with the test agents for 4-6 h and the labeled precursors were added for the last 2 h, BucAMP did not increase incorporation of any of the precursors. MIX was also ineffective, even though tissue cAMP levels were increased. However, precursor incorporation was increased by exposure to partially purified rat somatomedin for the same periods. The degree of stimulation of sulfate incorporation induced by either BucAMP or MIX was proportional to the time of exposure to these agents. Preincubation of cartilage in basal medium alone for 22 h or longer increased basal sulfate incorporation, but caused only a slight enhancement of the action of BucAMP. The addition of synthetic bovine PTH-(1-34) (1 microM) to the incubation medium increased sulfate incorporation into hypophysectomized rat cartilage by 24 h, and this effect was potentiated by MIX (10 microM). No stimulation was detectable by 6 h, even with MIX in the medium. PTH-(1-34) increased the cartilage cAMP level, and this effect was also potentiated by MIX. In the presence of MIX, PTH-(1-34) increased the level of cAMP within 30 min, while the rat somatomedin preparation had no effect on the cAMP level during 60 min of incubation. The level of cartilage cGMP was not raised by either PTH or somatomedin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism*; D007016:Hypophysectomy; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008297:Male; D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic / Q000378:metabolism; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012272:Ribs; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism*; D014529:Uridine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D013431:Sulfates; C002373:monobutyryl cyclic AMP; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D003994:Bucladesine; D007930:Leucine; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; D014529:Uridine