title: The carbon tip electrode.
abstract: The development of the carbon tip electrode and its low chronic threshold behavior are described. Compared to presently used electrode material, carbon tip electrodes result in lower chronic stimulation thresholds. In a group of 43 patients, chronic pulse generator output has been favorably reduced in association with this type of electrode. Thus the use of activated carbon tip electrodes may result in the routine implantation of low output pacemakers.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002244:Carbon / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D010984:Platinum / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D010984:Platinum; D002244:Carbon; D014025:Titanium