title: Influences of gastro-intestinal polypeptides and glucose on glucagon secretion induced by cholinergic stimulation.
abstract: Glucagon secretion from the endocrine pancreas is known to be enhanced by cholinergic stimulation. It has previously been described that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a potent potentiator of this cholinergically induced glucagon secretion. In the present study, the effects of several gastro-entero-pancreatic polypeptides and glucose on glucagon secretion induced by the cholinergic agonist carbachol were investigated in vivo in the mouse. Carbachol was injected i.v. and it stimulated glucagon secretion. The polypeptides neurotensin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were both found to potentiate the carbachol-induced glucagon secretion, whereas substance P, pancreatic polypeptide, and two different molecular variants of cholecystokinin, CCK-8 and CCK-39, were without effect on cholinergically induced glucagon secretion. Neither of these polypeptides had any influence on basal glucagon secretion when tested over a wide dose range. Somatostatin and glucose both markedly inhibited carbachol-induced glucagon secretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  carbachol is a potent stimulator of glucagon secretion. This cholinergically induced glucagon secretion can be modified by several gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones influencing the release process both in potentiating and inhibiting direction. The physiological relevance of these interactions remains to be further investigated.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009496:Neurotensin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide / Q000494:pharmacology; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D013373:Substance P; D009496:Neurotensin; D013004:Somatostatin; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide; D002217:Carbachol; D005934:Glucagon; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D005947:Glucose