title: Immunotherapy in genitourinary neoplasia.
abstract: The putative role of the immune response in the natural defense against neoplasia remains poorly defined. Correspondingly, its potential recruitment as a means of cancer therapy has remained unfulfilled. The intricate interactions of immune response mechanisms as well as the heterogeneity of tumor cells themselves have contributed to this situation. Moreover, the immunosenescence that occurs during aging may have further compromised potential means of recruiting immune response mechanisms in treating cancer. The various attempts to treat different types of genitourinary neoplasia are illustrations of these difficulties, and emphasize directions that may need attention in future therapeutic efforts.
mesh_terms: D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes; D014165:Transfer Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014565:Urogenital Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D014165:Transfer Factor; D007372:Interferons