title: Effects of ruthenium red on accumulation and cytotoxicity of m-AMSA, vinblastine and daunorubicin in leukemia cells.
abstract: Effects of ruthenium red on accumulation and cytotoxicity of m-AMSA, vinblastine and daunorubicin were examined in the P388 murine leukemia cell line and in an adriamycin-resistant subline, P388/ADR, which is cross-resistant to all three agents. Ruthenium red increased m-AMSA accumulation by both P388 and P388/ADR cells; the extent of this effect was a function of the concentration of both agents. Uptake enhancement occurred within 5 min of exposure of cells to ruthenium red and was readily reversed when cells were suspended in fresh medium. A 24-hr exposure to ruthenium red was needed to affect vinblastine or daunorubicin accumulation, and the effect was substantially less than that observed with m-AMSA. Ruthenium red protected P388 cells from m-AMSA toxicity. These data, together with reports indicating a protective effect of ruthenium red against vinblastine and anthracycline toxicity, suggest that the dye promotes tight binding of m-AMSA and other agents to cellular loci on which toxic effects are not exerted.
mesh_terms: D000609:Aminoacridines / Q000378:metabolism*; D000677:Amsacrine; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007941:Leukemia P388 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007942:Leukemia, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012430:Ruthenium Red / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000609:Aminoacridines; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000677:Amsacrine; D012430:Ruthenium Red; D014747:Vinblastine; D012428:Ruthenium; D003630:Daunorubicin