title: Regulation of the activity and synthesis of malic enzyme in 3T3-L1 cells.
abstract: Malic enzyme activity in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells was about 20-fold greater than activity in undifferentiated cells. A new steady-state level was achieved about 8 days after initiating differentiation of confluent cultures with a 2-day exposure to dexamethasone, isobutylmethylxanthine, and insulin. This increase in enzyme activity resulted from an increase in the mass of malic enzyme as detected by immunotitration of enzyme activity with goat antiserum directed against purified rat liver malic enzyme. Malic enzyme synthesis was undetectable in undifferentiated cells and increased to about 0.2% of soluble protein in differentiated cells, suggesting that the increase in enzyme mass was due primarily to an increase in enzyme synthesis. Thyroid hormone, a potent stimulator of malic enzyme activity in hepatocytes in culture and in liver and adipose tissue in intact animals, decreased or increased malic enzyme activity in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells by about 40% when it was removed or added to the medium, respectively. Insulin, another physiologically important regulator of malic enzyme activity in vivo, had no effect on the initial rate of accumulation of malic enzyme activity in the differentiating cells and caused a 30 to 40% decrease in the final level of enzyme activity in the fully differentiated cells. Cyclic AMP, a potent inhibitor of malic enzyme synthesis in hepatocytes in culture, inhibited this process in 3T3-L1 cells by 30%. Malic enzyme is like several other enzymes in that the large increase in its concentration which accompanies differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells is due to increased synthesis of enzyme protein. However, the hormonal modulation of malic enzyme characteristic of liver and adipose tissue in intact animals does not appear to occur in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting that differentiated 3T3-L1 cells may not be an appropriate model system in which to study the hormonal modulation of malic enzyme that occurs in liver and adipose tissue of intact animals.
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000201:enzymology*; D000818:Animals; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006207:Half-Life; D007163:Immunosorbent Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D003994:Bucladesine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine