title: Nonvocal language acquisition in adolescents with severe physical disabilities: Bliss symbol versus iconic stimulus formats.
abstract: This study compared training in two language systems for three severely handicapped, nonvocal adolescents: the Bliss symbol system and an iconic picture system. Following baseline, training and review trials were implemented using an alternating treatments design. Daily probes were conducted to assess maintenance, stimulus generalization, and response generalization, and data were collected on spontaneous usage of either language system throughout the school day. Results showed that students required approximately four times as many trials to acquire Bliss symbols as iconic pictures, and that students maintained a higher percentage of iconic pictures. Stimulus generalization occurred in both language systems, while the number of correct responses during responses generalization probes was much greater for the iconic system. Finally, students almost always showed more iconic responses than Bliss responses in daily spontaneous usage. These results suggest that an iconic system might be more readily spontaneous usage. These results suggest than an iconic system might be more readily acquired, maintained, and generalized to daily situations. Implications of these findings for the newly verbal person were discussed.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005556:Form Perception; D005795:Generalization, Stimulus; D006801:Humans; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D013561:Symbolism