Identification of dinitropyrenes in diesel-exhaust particles. Their probable presence as the major mutagens.
The direct-acting mutagens in diesel particulate extracts were identified. It is concluded that the major mutagens are in all probability 1,6- and 1,8-dinitropyrene (DNP). 1-Nitropyrene (NP) and 3-nitrofluoranthene (NF) were also present. The DNP isomers contributed 43% of the total mutagenic activity of the crude extracts, whereas 1-NP (or 3-NF) was responsible for less than 10% of the activity. The quantities of 1,6- and 1,8-DNP were 1.2 and 3.4 ppm of the crude extracts, respectively, and the induction of both DNPs in the diesel particulate matter corresponded to about 1.7-4.8% by weight of the 1-NP content (70.5 ppm in the crude extracts).
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005648:Fuel Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009154:Mutation; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
D005648:Fuel Oils; D009153:Mutagens; D010578:Petroleum; D011721:Pyrenes; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; C033310:1,8-dinitropyrene; C033309:1,6-dinitropyrene