title: Human urinary cytology using a "direct mapping" technique: a combined light and scanning electron microscopic investigation.
abstract: A total of 252 bladder-washing and voided specimens from normal, and inflammatory and malignant lesions were examined by a direct mapping technique, i.e., a combined use of light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A newly-designed mesh, which consists of a piece of gelatine-covered, osmium-impregnated and polylysine-coated glass-slip with 42 compartments/25 mm2, was used in this study. This mesh permitted us to directly correlate LM and SEM images, which resulted in a shortening of the observation time. Malignancy of exfoliated urothelial cells has been determined on the basis of the presence or absence of pleomorphic microvilli as observed by SEM. Subsequently, a new "SEM grading" system for human urinary cytology was proposed. The direct mapping technique has enhanced the accuracy of the diagnosis over conventional methods, especially in cases of noninvasive, low-grade malignant tumors of the urinary bladder.
mesh_terms: D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D003556:Cystitis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000652:urine; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D001789:Blood Group Antigens