The clinical incidence and significance of myopotential sensing with unipolar pacemakers.
Myopotential oversensing by unipolar pulse generators can cause patient symptoms ranging from dizziness and syncope to ventricular tachycardia. Seventy-seven patients with implanted unipolar pacemakers from three manufacturers participated in isometric and reach exercises to evaluate their pacemakers' susceptibility to myopotentials. Myopotential inhibition occurred in 47% of the patients performing the reach maneuver. Testing revealed a wide difference in level of susceptibility to myopotentials between pacemakers of different manufacture (a low of 33% inhibition for the least susceptible to a high of 78% inhibition for the most susceptible during the reach maneuver). The normal pacing interval was extended by myopotential oversensing for each manufacturer's model within a range of 0.3-3.9 seconds. Pulse generators incorporating additional automatically-adjusting threshold and reversion circuits in the sense amplifier along with standard bandpass filtering exhibited: a) two-to-three times less susceptibility to myopotentials; and b) a 75% reduction in the maximum pacing interval extension as compared with pacemakers with bandpass filtering alone. The effectiveness of insulative coating in reducing myopotential inhibition was substantiated as coated pulse generators had a 22% lower incidence of muscle sensing than those that were uncoated. Six out of seven patients tested had symptoms during Holter monitoring which correlated with pacemaker myopotential inhibition. Selecting pulse generators with improved sensing amplifiers, clinical testing of patients with unipolar pacemakers using the reach method, and reprogramming of sensitivity will significantly reduce the incidence of myopotential inhibition.
D000200:Action Potentials; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004244:Dizziness / Q000209:etiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects