title: Stimulation of amylase and sialic acid releases from dog submandibular gland slices by pilocarpine or high K+ medium: a possible role of calmodulin for their releases.
abstract: The mechanism of amylase and sialic acid releases stimulated by pilocarpine or high K+ medium was investigated in the slices of dog submandibular glands. The release of both amylase and sialic acid was dose-dependently increased by pilocarpine and a considerable release was observed at pilocarpine concentrations of more than 1 microM. Similar effects were observed when K+ concentration in the medium was increased and the maximal response was observed at 75 mM K+. The release of amylase and sialic acid by pilocarpine or K+ considerably decreased by removing Ca2+ from the medium and the slices. The release of amylase in the Ca2+-deficient slices was nearly recovered by the addition of 2.5 and 5.0 mM Ca2+, whereas that of sialic acid was recovered by only 60-75%. Ca2+ inhibitors, La3+ and verapamil, and calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine, prenylamine, and W-7, significantly inhibited the release of amylase and sialic acid induced by the stimulants. These results suggest that the release of amylase and sialic acid stimulated by pilocarpine or K+ is dependent on the presence of Ca2+, and that the activation of calmodulin is involved in the process of the release.
mesh_terms: D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002147:Calmodulin; D012794:Sialic Acids; D010862:Pilocarpine; D000681:Amylases; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium