title: Studies on the mechanism of wet dog shakes produced by carbachol in rats.
abstract: In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of wet dog shakes (WDS) produced by carbachol administered into the rat lateral brain ventricle, the effects of blockade of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors on shaking response and the effects of carbachol on central catecholaminergic, serotonergic (5-HT) and GABAergic functions were studied in rats. The muscarinic receptor antagonists, atropine and scopolamine attenuated WDS produced by carbachol, whilst a peripherally active muscarinic receptor antagonist, scopolamine methyl nitrate, failed to influence WDS. The nicotine antagonist, mecamylamine, did not affect WDS caused by carbachol either. Carbachol dose dependently decreased brain concentration of noradrenaline (NA) but failed to affect the concentration of dopamine (DA). While the brain concentration of 5-HT was unchanged, the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) was increased in a dose-related manner. The catecholamine turnover times were unaffected whereas 5-HT turnover time was significantly prolonged. Atropine, but not mecamylamine, prevented the decrease in brain NA induced by carbachol. Consequently, the carbachol-induced enhancement in the level of 5-HIAA was completely blocked by atropine and only slightly influenced by mecamylamine. Neither brain GABA concentration nor glutamic acid decarboxylase activity were affected by carbachol. Behavioral and biochemical data suggest that WDS produced by carbachol may be mediated through the stimulation of central muscarinic receptors. The anatomical localization and exact mechanism of carbachol-induced WDS remain to be elucidated.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000633:toxicity*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008464:Mecamylamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D012701:Serotonin; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D008464:Mecamylamine; D001285:Atropine; D002217:Carbachol; D012601:Scopolamine; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine