title: Polysaccharides with sulfate groups are human T cell mitogens and murine polyclonal B cell activators (PBAs) II. Cellulose sulfate and dextran sulfate with two different lower molecular weights.
abstract: In our previous paper, we reported that various types of carrageenan, dextran sulfate and fucoidan, which are sulfated homopolysaccharides with high molecular weights, were human T cell mitogens and murine polyclonal B cell activators (PBAs) and that heparin, a sulfated heteropolysaccharide, was a very weak human mitogen and mouse PBA. Here we used cellulose sulfate (Mr 7-9 X 10(3], dextran sulfate with two different low molecular weights (Mr 5 X 10(3) and 8 X 10(3], two different condroitin sulfates (Mr 3.5 X 10(4], polyvinyl sulfate and polygalacturonic acid to investigate mitogenic activities of polysaccharides in detail. The following results were obtained. Low-molecular-weight sulfated homopolysaccharides, dextran sulfate and cellulose sulfate, were very weak or not human T cell mitogens. However, they were better murine PBAs. Sulfated heteropolysaccharides, chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, hardly induced mitogenic changes in human T cells and mouse B cells, even though the molecular weight of these substances was more than 1 X 10(4). There were no other polymers examined so far which activated both human T cells and murine B cells. The relationship among molecular size, sulfate groups and lymphocyte activation is discussed in detail.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000494:pharmacology; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D003911:Dextrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008934:Mitogens; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010368:Pectins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D008934:Mitogens; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011145:Polyvinyls; C019050:polyvinyl sulfate; D010368:Pectins; D002482:Cellulose; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; C020254:cellulose sulfate; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; C003181:polygalacturonic acid