title: Etiological theories and treatments for chronic back pain. I. Somatic models and interventions.
abstract: This is the first part of an extended review of the etiology and treatment of chronic back pain (CBP). This paper will address the pathophysiology of CBP, the somatic conceptualizations that have been developed, and the treatment modalities that have been employed to alleviate the symptoms. The adequacy of the different models and treatments will be critically examined. The second paper in this set will examine psychological models and interventions. Common problems to both somatic and psychological approaches will be discussed at the close of the second paper.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001416:Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D002917:Chymopapain / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008349:Manipulation, Orthopedic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D009989:Orthotic Devices / Q000009:adverse effects; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000150:complications; D013166:Spondylitis / Q000150:complications; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000150:complications; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014143:Traction; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D009294:Narcotics; D013256:Steroids; D002917:Chymopapain