title: Studies on the mechanisms by which clenbuterol, a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, enhances 5-HT-mediated behaviour and increases metabolism of 5-HT in the brain of the rat.
abstract: The head twitch response in mice produced by injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan (100 mg/kg i.p.) and carbidopa (25 mg/kg i.p.) was enhanced by administration of clenbuterol (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), a beta-adrenoceptor agonist. Clenbuterol also enhanced the hyperactivity syndrome in rats produced by quipazine (25 mg/kg i.p.), a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonist. This enhancement was not prevented by depletion of 5-HT in brain with p-chlorophenylalanine or after pretreatment with prazosin. The behavioural responses of the rats to administration of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, was unaltered by acute or longer-term administration of clenbuterol. Following chronic administration of clenbuterol (5 mg/kg daily for 14 days), a procedure resulting in down-regulation of central beta-adrenoceptors, a larger dose of clenbuterol was necessary to enhance the quipazine-induced hyperactivity, suggesting that the mechanism of enhancement involved central post-synaptic beta-adrenoceptors. Further evidence for this conclusion was that a lesion of central noradrenaline pathways produced by 6-hydroxydopamine did not abolish the clenbuterol-induced enhancement of the quipazine-mediated behaviour. The binding characteristics of 5-HT2-receptors were unchanged by acute or chronic administration of clenbuterol. Clenbuterol (5 mg/kg) increased the percentage of plasma free (non-albumin bound) tryptophan, plasma free fatty acid concentration and the concentration of tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the brain. The increase in 5-HT turnover in brain was prevented by pretreatment with the beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol, which enters the brain poorly. It is therefore suggested that the clenbuterol-induced increase in 5-HT metabolism results from the increase in the concentration of plasma free fatty acid which increases plasma free tryptophan and thus increases the concentration of tryptophan in brain and 5-HT synthesis in brain. The clenbuterol-induced enhancement of 5-HT-mediated behaviour is therefore not associated with its effect on 5-HT metabolism. The data are discussed in relation to that obtained after administration of antidepressant drugs.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002230:Carbidopa / Q000494:pharmacology; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010134:Fenclonine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006892:Hydroxydopamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000187:drug effects; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016627:Oxidopamine; D011814:Quipazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004983:Ethanolamines; D006892:Hydroxydopamines; D012701:Serotonin; D011814:Quipazine; D016627:Oxidopamine; D002230:Carbidopa; D010134:Fenclonine; D002976:Clenbuterol