title: Survey of vomitoxin-contaminated feed grains in midwestern United States, and associated health problems in swine.
abstract: During the 1981 corn harvest season in Illinois and surrounding states, cold wet weather enhanced the growth of Fusarium graminearum, with resulting contamination by vomitoxin and, to a lesser extent, zearalenone. Of 342 feed samples analyzed, 274 contained vomitoxin at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 41.6 ppm (mean, 3.1 ppm) and 40 samples contained zearalenone at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 8 ppm (mean, 0.66 ppm). Animal health problems and reduced growth performance were observed mainly in swine fed vomitoxin-contaminated rations. The predominant clinical complaints, in decreasing frequency were: reproductive problems (50%), feed refusal (43%), reduced weight gain (25%), diarrhea (17%), death (14%), and emesis (11%).
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000032:analysis; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D007087:Illinois; D007196:Indiana; D007484:Iowa; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014887:Weather; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D014255:Trichothecenes; D015025:Zearalenone; C007262:deoxynivalenol