Some aspects concerning the peculiarities of the pterygoid venous plexus in man related to age.
The pterygoid venous plexus (pt.v.pl.) was studied in 54 human heads (adults, children, fetuses) halved in the middle sagital plan, using microdissections and injections with PVC, coloured gelatin and roentgenopaque masses. In adults, the pt.v.pl. was closely related to the external pterygoid muscle. The superficial variant (more frequent) maintained connections with the facial vein through a venous network named by us "plexus pterygo-temporo-buccalis". The deep variant (less frequent) could be included in the system of venous plexuses placed at the basis cranii. Its tributaries, accompanying the lingual nerve, established connections with the veins of the sublingual compartment (a fact not yet mentioned in the literature). In children and old humans the pt.v.pl. was formed only by some large veins giving a radiate structure ("starfish-shaped" plexus) corresponding to the first and second portion of the maxillary artery. These results revealed that the pt.v.pl. is a unique formation which could be more developed laterally or medially in comparison with the external pterygoid muscle, in relation with the superficial or deep position of the maxillary artery. The practical importance of the pt.v.pl. is emphasized.
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000098:blood supply*; D008438:Maxillary Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011626:Pterygoid Muscles / Q000098:blood supply*; D014680:Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology