Determinants of attention to local and global features of visual forms.
This article deals with the problem of how attention is distributed to different levels of detail (global, local) in visual scenes. Six experiments explore the effect of a previous level of processing on current processing. The contention that processing at a given level of detail biases the distribution of attention so that more is allocated to that level for future processing is supported by the presence in the data of a robust level-readiness effect, whereby processing is faster at a given level if previous processing has been at that level. The level-readiness effect occurs regardless of the conspicuity of features at the various levels. Conflict between levels seems to depend on the imbalance of conspicuity and attention allocation between levels, with the more conspicuous or attended-to-level interfering more. A model of two-state attention switching similar to that of Sperling and Melchnor (1978) is proposed to explain these data. the final experiment confirmed the somewhat unusual prediction of this model that sometimes processing under focusing-attention conditions can be slower than that under divided-attention conditions.
D001288:Attention; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D005260:Female; D005556:Form Perception; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011930:Reaction Time; D012858:Size Perception