title: Mutagenicity of lichen constituents.
abstract: Usnic acid (the most abundant lichen constituents), physodic, and physodalic acids isolated from Hypogymnia enteromorph (Ach.) Nyl. were tested for mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. Physodalic acid exhibited clear dose-related mutagenicity against Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 100 with or without S9 mix in both plate-incorporation and preincubation assays. The addition of S9 mix increased the number of revertants approximately threefold and fourfold in preincubation and plate-incorporation assays, respectively.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D003990:Dibenzoxepins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D008011:Lichens; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D009154:Mutation; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D003990:Dibenzoxepins; D009153:Mutagens; C043056:physodic acid