title: Cytochrome b oxidation and reduction reactions in the ubiquinone-cytochrome b/c2 oxidoreductase from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides.
abstract: 1. The kinetics of cytochrome b reduction and oxidation in the ubiquinone-cytochrome b/c2 oxidoreductase of chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides Ga have been measured both in the presence and absence of antimycin, after subtraction of contributions due to absorption changes from cytochrome c2, the oxidized bacteriochlorophyll dimer of the reaction center, and a red shift of the antenna bacteriochlorophyll. 2. A small red shift of the antenna bacteriochlorophyll band centered at 589 nm has been identified and found to be kinetically similar to the carotenoid bandshift. 3. Antimycin inhibits the oxidation of ferrocytochrome b under all conditions; it also stimulates the amount of single flash activated cytochrome b reductions 3- to 4-fold under certain if not all conditions. 4. A maximum of approximately 0.6 cytochrome b-560 (Em(7) = 50 mV, n = 1, previously cytochrome b50) hemes per reaction center are reduced following activating flashes. This ratio suggests that there is one cytochrome b-560 heme functional per ubiquinone-cytochrome b/c2 oxidoreductase. 5. Under the experimental conditions used here, only cytochrome b-560 is observed functional in cyclic electron transfer. 6. We describe the existence of three distinct states of reduction of the ubiquinone-cytochrome b/c2 oxidoreductase which can be established before activation, and result in markedly different reaction sequences involving cytochrome b after the flash activation. Poising such that the special ubiquinone (Qz) is reduced and cytochrome b-560 is oxidized yields the conditions for optimal flash activated electron transfer rates through the ubiquinone-cytochrome b/c2 oxidoreductase. However when the ambient redox state is lowered to reduce cytochrome b-560 or raised to oxidize Qz, single turnover flash induced electron transfer through the ubiquinone-cytochrome b/c2 oxidoreductase appears impeded; the points of the impediment are tentatively identified with the electron transfer step from the reduced secondary quinone (QII) of the reaction center to ferricytochrome b-560 and from the ferrocytochrome b-560 to oxidized Qz, respectively.
mesh_terms: D001429:Bacteriochlorophylls / Q000378:metabolism; D003573:Cytochrome b Group; D003574:Cytochrome c Group / Q000378:metabolism; D003580:Cytochromes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III; D007700:Kinetics; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011808:Quinone Reductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012242:Rhodobacter sphaeroides / Q000201:enzymology*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D014634:Valinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001429:Bacteriochlorophylls; D003573:Cytochrome b Group; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D003580:Cytochromes; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D014634:Valinomycin; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D011808:Quinone Reductases; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III