Role of the raccoon in the transmission of pseudorabies: a field and laboratory investigation.
Serum samples were collected from 42 raccoons trapped in a pseudorabies enzootic area of Missouri. All samples were negative for neutralizing antibodies to pseudorabies virus (PRV). Raccoons were orally exposed with one of four dose levels of PRV. The raccoons were found to be susceptible to moderately large doses of PRV tissue culture infective dose (10(4) - 10(5) TCID50). All raccoons given 10(3) TCID50 of PRV survived and did not develop clinical signs. The PRV was consistently isolated from tonsillar swabs collected from raccoons that died after exposure. The PRV was also isolated from the brain, tonsils, lungs, and salivary glands of raccoons that died. It was isolated from samples of the brain and tonsils collected from a raccoon 5 days after death. Neutralizing antibodies to PRV could not be detected in the serum of raccoons that survived PRV exposure. Tonsillar swabs and tissue samples collected from these raccoons were free of PRV. The results indicated that the raccoon may serve as a short-term reservoir for PRV, but it is unlikely to have an ipizootiologic role as a long-term, subclinical carrier of the virus.
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary*; D011558:Herpesvirus 1, Suid / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000382:microbiology; D011557:Pseudorabies / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*; D011821:Raccoons / Q000382:microbiology*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral