Beta-endorphin-related peptides in the pituitary gland: isolation, identification and distribution.
A new procedure is described for isolation of four forms of beta-endorphin from bovine pituitary. The four peptides are: the C-fragment of lipotropin (bovine lipotropin residues 63-93, or beta-endorphin, the alpha, N-acetyl derivative of the C-fragment, the C'-fragment (bovine lipotropin residues 63-89) and the alpha, N-acetyl derivative of the C'-fragment. Of these peptides, beta-endorphin alone possesses potent analgesic activity. The procedure has been applied in studying the distribution of beta-endorphin-related peptides in two regions of the pituitary. The results show that in the anterior pituitary of the pig and the rat, beta-endorphin is produced with a high degree of specificity in its opiate active form. In contrast, in the pars intermedia of both species at least six peptides related to beta-endorphin are elaborated and beta-endorphin represents only a minor component. The principal peptides in the pars intermedia have been identified as acetylated derivatives of lipotropin C'-fragment: in the pig the predominant peptide is alpha,N-acetyl C'-fragment and in the rat the major peptide appears to be an epsilon-acetylated derivative of alpha,N-acetyl C'-fragment. Thus, beta-endorphin is activated in the anterior pituitary and inactivated in the pars intermediate. The results demonstrate selective and specific processing of the 31K ACTH-endorphin prohormone in the different regions of the pituitary. In the anterior pituitary two biologically active peptides, ACTH and beta-endorphin, are generated together; in the pars intermedia alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH) is accompanied by forms of beta-endorphin that have been inactivated by acetylation and proteolysis.
D000698:Analgesia; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002417:Cattle; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D004723:Endorphins / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000032:analysis*; D010908:Pituitary Hormones, Anterior / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051381:Rats; D001615:beta-Endorphin
D004723:Endorphins; D010908:Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; D011498:Protein Precursors; D001615:beta-Endorphin; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin