In vitro activity and human pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin.
The in vitro activity of teicoplanin, a new antibiotic related to vancomycin, was determined against 456 gram-positive cocci. The activity of teicoplanin in comparison with that of vancomycin was similar against staphylococci but 4 to 40 times higher against enterococci and beta-hemolytic and viridans streptococci. The single-dose pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin were studied in six healthy volunteers after administration of 3 and 6 mg/kg intravenously and of 3 mg/kg intramuscularly. The kinetic parameters after both intravenous doses were very similar. The curves for concentration in plasma for the 3- and 6-mg/kg intravenous doses showed a triexponential decline with elimination half-lives of 47.3 and 44.1 h, respectively. The percentages of the doses recovered in urine (0 to 102 h) were 43.2 and 44.1%, respectively. The areas under the plasma curves were dose related: 256.5 and 520.9 micrograms/h per ml, respectively. The bioavailability of teicoplanin after injection of 3 mg/kg intramuscularly was 90%, and the peak level was 7.1 micrograms/ml. The mean levels in plasma 24 h after the 3-mg/kg doses were 2.1 and 2.3 micrograms/ml, respectively, and the mean level in plasma 24 h after the 6-mg/kg intravenous dose was 4.2 micrograms/ml.
D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D017334:Teicoplanin
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006020:Glycopeptides; D017334:Teicoplanin