title: Redox conformation changes in refined tuna cytochrome c.
abstract: Tuna ferrocytochrome c and ferricytochrome c have been refined independently at high resolution (1.5 A and 1.8 A) to crystallographic residual errors of 17.3% and 20.8%, respectively. Small but significant conformational differences are seen surrounding a buried water molecule that is hydrogen bonded to Asn-52, Tyr-67, and Thr-78. In the oxidized state, this water molecule is 1.0 A closer to the heme and the heme has moved 0.15 A out of its heme crevice; both changes lead to a more polar microenvironment for the heme. Chemical modification studies, patterns of evolutionary conservatism, structural differences in bacterial cytochromes, and x-ray studies all agree that the "active site" for cytochrome c is bounded by lysines 8, 13,27, 72, 79, 86, and 87 (thus containing the evolutionary conservative 72-87 loop) and has the buried water molecule just below its surface and the opening of the heme crevice slightly to one side.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D009038:Motion; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011487:Protein Conformation; D014413:Tuna; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005296:Ferrous Compounds