title: Pharmacokinetics and bacteriologic efficacy of moxalactam, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, and rocephin in experimental bacterial meningitis.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics and bacteriologic efficacy of four beta-lactam antibiotics were studied in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rabbits using two test strains, Escherichia coli type K1 and group B Streptococcus type III, and 24 gram-positive isolates. Although moxalactam, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, and rocephin are active in vitro against gram-negative bacilli, the gram-positive bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus faecalis were resistant to all four drugs; group B streptococci were resistant to moxalactam. In rabbit CSF, moxalactam had the greatest concentration and penetration, but rocephin had the longest half-life and duration of bactericidal activity. These two drugs were most effective in the CSF of E. coli K1-infected rabbits. Except for moxalatam, the four drugs were comparable to ampicillin in reducing counts of group B Streptococcus type III in CSF. Drug accumulation in CSF and appreciable bacterial killing were observed in E. coli K1-infected animals give moxalactam either periodically or by constant infusion.
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002438:Cefoperazone; D002439:Cefotaxime; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002513:Cephamycins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009070:Moxalactam; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D011817:Rabbits; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D002513:Cephamycins; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D000667:Ampicillin; D002438:Cefoperazone; D002439:Cefotaxime; D009070:Moxalactam