title: Studies on the motility of smooth muscles of the teats in lactating cows.
abstract: Rhythmic motility of teats in lactating cows in vivo was studied by an improved plethysmographic technique. Oxytocin was infused intravenously and drugs were injected into the artery of the filled udder. The beta-adrenergic agent, isoprenaline, induced relaxation of the teats whereas the alpha-adrenergic agents phenylephrine and noradrenaline, elicited contraction. In one animal however, noradrenaline always exerted a biphasic effect. Pre-treatment with propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, changed the biphasic effect into a purely activating response. Adrenaline, which exhibits both alpha and beta effects, induced relaxation, but after propranolol treatment relaxation was abolished and even converted into contraction of the teat. It seems clear that both alpha and beta adrenoceptors are present in longitudinal smooth muscles of the teats. Milk losses as intermittent spurts were observed in several cows. Spurts occurred synchronously with rhythmical teat motility in the filled udder during oxytocin infusion. The intensity of milk leakage was increased by isoprenaline and inhibited by noradrenaline, indicating the presence of alpha and beta receptors in teat sphincter muscles. Starting and stopping of milk spurts in correlation with rhythmical teat contractions were studied by audiovisual synchronization of video recording tape. The most common type of spurt began near the middle of the teat's relaxation phase and ended either just before or exactly at the beginning of the contraction phase. Interruption of the spurt is primarily due to closure of the streak canal.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D010656:Phenylephrine; D011433:Propranolol