title: Epidermal growth factor-toxin A chain conjugates: EGF-ricin A is a potent toxin while EGF-diphtheria fragment A is nontoxic.
abstract: We have prepared a 2-pyridyl-dithiopropionate derivative of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and conjugated the derivative by disulfide interchange to the A chain of ricin (RTA) or to fragment A of diphtheria toxin (DTA). The EGF-RTA conjugate was toxic to 3T3 cells at concentrations (10(-9)--10(-11) M) similar to those at which EGF exerts its biological activity and within an order of magnitude of the toxicity of ricin. Ricin A chain alone only exerted toxic effects at concentrations (10(-6)--10(-7) M) three to four orders of magnitude higher than required for the activity of the EGF-RTA conjugate or ricin. An unconjugated mixture of RTA and EGF had no greater effect than RTA alone. Toxicity of the EGF-RTA conjugate on 3T3 cells was competed by EGF and was blocked by antibodies to RTA, but not by lactose or antibodies to the ricin B chain (RTB). In contrast to the EGF-RTA conjugate, the EGF-DTA conjugate proved virtually nontoxic at concentrations as high as 3 X 10(-8) M. Control experiments showed that the EGF-DTA conjugate retained EGF receptor binding activity; the DTA moiety of the hybrid retained ADP-ribosyltransferase activity; and the disulfide bridge linking DTA to EGF was readily reducible.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin / Q000633:toxicity*; D004705:Endocytosis; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D051379:Mice; D010455:Peptides; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D012276:Ricin / Q000633:toxicity*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D004167:Diphtheria Toxin; D010455:Peptides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D002738:Chloroquine; D012276:Ricin