title: Chemical confirmatory tests for ochratoxin A, citrinin, penicillic acid, sterigmatocystin, and zearalenone performed directly on thin layer chromatographic plates.
abstract: Published tests have been improved and a new procedure is described for chemical confirmation of mycotoxins directly on thin layer plates. After extraction and preliminary cleanup chromatography with n-hexane or chloroform, the mycotoxins ochratoxin A, citrinin, penicillic acid, sterigmatocystin, and zearalenone were easily separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using toluene-ethyl acetate-90% formic acid (6 + 3 + 1) developing solvent. In chemical confirmatory methods, the developed chromatogram was exposed to vapors of pyridine, acetic anhydride, or a mixture, or the mycotoxins were over-spotted. With this treatment, ochratoxin A, citrinin, penicillic acid, and zearalenone were converted to new fluorescent compounds, and observed under 365 nm light after re-chromatography with the same developing solvent. Sterigmatocystin was confirmed chemically using TLC plates impregnated with 0.6N H2SO4 or 10% oxalic acid in methanol. The described procedures are satisfactory for confirming mycotoxins present in standards, artificially contaminated grain samples (barley, corn, oat, rye, and wheat), and extracts from both fungal cultures and naturally contaminated grain samples.
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer / Q000379:methods; D002953:Citrinin / Q000032:analysis; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D010398:Penicillic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D013241:Sterigmatocystin / Q000032:analysis; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; D013241:Sterigmatocystin; C025589:ochratoxin A; D002953:Citrinin; D015025:Zearalenone; D010398:Penicillic Acid