title: Histone phosphorylation in phorbol ester stimulated and beta-adrenergically stimulated mouse epidermis in vivo and characterization of an epidermal protein phosphorylation system.
abstract: Under certain physiological conditions a change in the phosphorylation of histones in mouse epidermis in vivo was observed. Thus a single local application of the tumor-promoting mitogen 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate caused a long-lasting increase of histone H1 phosphorylation which paralleled stimulated cell proliferation. Injection of the antimitotic beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol led to a temporary decrease in the rate of phosphorylation of H1, H2A and H2B immediately after cyclic AMP accumulation. A complete protein phosphorylation system could be demonstrated in mouse epidermis homogenates. The following enzyme activities were partially purified and characterized: a cyclic AMP-dependent histone kinase; a 'casein kinase' and an 'unspecific' protein kinase; a histone-specific protein phosphatase; and two 'unspecific' phosphoprotein phosphatases. In addition, a stimulatory effect of cyclic GMP on histone phosphorylation was observed. The enzymes were found to be predominantly localized in the 105000 X g supernatant, but a small proportion of protein kinase and phosphatase activity could be regularly demonstrated in cell nuclei.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047388:Casein Kinases; D004817:Epidermis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D010704:Phorbols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D006656:Protamine Kinase / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000201:enzymology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D010704:Phorbols; D011494:Protein Kinases; D047388:Casein Kinases; D006656:Protamine Kinase; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D007545:Isoproterenol; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate