title: Intravenous extension of endocrine tumors.
abstract: Four patients with intravenous extension of endocrine tumors are described. Three had adrenal carcinoma with extension along the adrenal veins into the inferior vena cava. In two of these, the extension into the inferior vena cava was demonstrated by computed tomography. The fourth patient had a glomus jugulare with extension down the jugular vein into the superior vena cava. In ech case preoperative radiologic evaluation demonstrated the tumor and its venous extension.
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005925:Glomus Jugulare Tumor / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010236:Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal / Q000098:blood supply*; D009384:Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes / Q000150:complications; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging