Activities of purine nucleotide metabolizing enzymes in human thymocytes and peripheral blood T lymphocytes: in vitro effect of thymic hormones.
Adenosine deaminase (ADA, E.C. 3.5.4.4) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP, E.C. 2.4.2.1) activities are essential for the normal development and function of T lymphocytes. A comparison of the specific activity of these two enzymes and of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (5'-N, E.C. 3.1.3.5) of human thymocytes with that of peripheral T lymphocytes of children and young adults shows that significant differences exist between the activities of ADA and 5'-N in thymocytes and peripheral T cells. ADA activity is six-fold higher in thymocytes than in peripheral T cells whereas 5'-N activity is approximately one-fourth lower in thymocytes than in T lymphocytes. PNP activity is two-fold higher in T cells. The apparent Km and Vmax values for the three enzymes in thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes have been determined. The observed differences in enzyme activity are probably not entirely due to differences in the affinity of the enzymes for their substrates. The enzyme activities of a thymoma removed from a patient with myasthenia gravis had intermediate enzyme levels for ADA and PNP, but 5'-N was similar to peripheral T cells. Exposure of thymocytes in short-term culture to the thymic hormones thymopoietin (the pentapeptide TP5), thymosin fraction V or serum thymic factor (FTS) had no significant stimulatory or inhibitory effect on the activities of the three enzymes under our experimental conditions.
D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007700:Kinetics; D009708:Nucleotidases / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D011685:Purine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011683:Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D013935:Thymic Factor, Circulating / Q000494:pharmacology; D016305:Thymopentin; D013946:Thymopoietins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013947:Thymosin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D013951:Thymus Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*
D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011685:Purine Nucleotides; D013946:Thymopoietins; D013951:Thymus Hormones; D013947:Thymosin; D013935:Thymic Factor, Circulating; D011683:Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase; D009708:Nucleotidases; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D016305:Thymopentin