In vivo induction of anti-herpes simplex virus immune response by type 1 antigens and lipid A incorporated into liposomes.
To establish the requirements for a potential subunit vaccine against herpes simplex virus (HSV), we analyzed the effects on immunogenicity of incorporating detergent-extracted glycoprotein-enriched HSV type 1 (HSV-1) antigens into liposomes alone or with the adjuvant lipid A. Incorporating HSV-1 antigens into liposomes enhanced their immunogenicity for antibody production as detected by radioimmunoassay. Antibody levels to free and liposome-bound antigens were enhanced by administering lipid A as an adjuvant. The maximum immunogenic effect was obtained by incorporating lipid A into liposomes containing the HSV-1 proteins. Such liposomes induced secondary antibody responses higher than those engendered by virus infection. Whereas infectious virus induced cell-mediated immunity detectable by the delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and cytotoxic T lymphocyte production, none of the liposome preparations induced cell-mediated immunity.
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D008050:Lipid A / Q000276:immunology; D008081:Liposomes; D051379:Mice; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000276:immunology*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D008050:Lipid A; D008081:Liposomes