title: Ultrasonic diagnostic system for interactive interrogation of adult brain through intact skull.
abstract: An integrated ultrasonic system has been developed employing static gray scale imaging, digital image processing, and analyses of quantitative ultrasonic backscatter for interactive interrogation of brain through the adult human skull. Operating at 750 kHz, to avoid severe spatial and temporal pulse distortion which accompany ultrasonic transkull transmission at higher frequencies, storage and image processing of successive images taken at selected gain settings in the same image plane allow the reconstruction of a composite cross-section of the brain and skull and enable visualization of internal brain structure. Analyses of digitized backscatter data obtained with the visualization transducer over selectable interrogation paths referenced to the cross-sectional image permit quantitative classification of tissue type independent of qualitative visual image analysis, such that enhanced diagnostic potential is provided. A previous paper described in detail the modifications of the commercial ultrasound diagnostic unit which serves as the core of this system. The present paper presents the rationale for the integrated system design approach, as well as a description of graphics display and tissue classification features which have been incorporated into the instrumentation configuration and are deemed necessary for successful transkull ultrasonic imaging and diagnosis.
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012886:Skull; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation; D014463:Ultrasonography