title: [Frequency of routine examinations in detection of carcinoma of the uterine cervix and carcinoma of the breast].
abstract: The prevention of carcinoma of the uterine cervix depends on routine examinations. They should start soon after the first experiences of sexual intercourse then be carried out once every two years in the form of a smear until the age of thirty, then every three years between 40 and 55 years. After 55 years, one should advise a cervical smear every 5 years, although the probability of detecting a carcinoma of the cervix is very small if the woman has until then been well followed up. However, when there is a high risk, in particular during oral contraception, smears should be taken once a year. This type of detection is possible, there are enough doctors, and each should carry out 23 smears a month, similarly there are enough cytologists. Finally, the economy made by not having to treat lesions detected early by this method easily covers the cost. The detection of carcinoma of the breast requires auto-palpation of the breast and mammography. A baseline mammography should be performed for reference purposes between 35 and 40 years. In the absence of a risk factor, and if the mammography shows low density breasts (P1 or N1 according to Wolfe's classification), one mammography every five years until the age of 50 years is suggested. In high risk cases, or if the breasts are denser (N2 or Dy), an annual ray is recommended using sensitive films which permit reduction of the dose received by the breast. After 50 years, annual mammography is strictly necessary until the age of 70 years. Applying these data to the French population, one may consider that four million women will be concerned each year by mammography (15% of the female population). Considering the reduction in costs by treatment of carcinoma of the breast at an early stage, each examination would cost less than 45 F.
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D010173:Palpation; D010808:Physical Examination; D013997:Time Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014626:Vaginal Smears
vernacular_title: Fréquence des examens systématiques dans le dépistage du cancer du col utérin et du cancer du sein.