title: Immunization of cattle with a variant-specific surface antigen of Trypanosoma brucei: influence of different adjuvants.
abstract: Nine different adjuvants were examined for their ability to potentiate the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of cattle to a soluble glycoprotein antigen prepared from Trypanosoma brucei. Serological responses as measured by the Farr assay were best augmented by the oil-based adjuvants and saponin. Cell-mediated immunity, as assessed by specific lymphocyte transformation in vitro, was enhanced by all oil-based adjuvants at different intervals after immunization. Results from a challenge infection of immunized cattle with the homologous clone of T. brucei and from neutralization tests indicated that protection against infection was better correlated with specific antibodies than with cell-mediated responses. From these considerations, and the absence of tissue reactions at the site of inoculation, saponin was considered more practical than the oil-based or bacterial adjuvants for the elicitation in cattle of antibodies to purified soluble antigens.
mesh_terms: D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine / Q000276:immunology; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000276:immunology*; D001886:Bordetella pertussis / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle / Q000276:immunology; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000494:pharmacology; D007114:Immunization / Q000662:veterinary*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D011063:Poly A-U / Q000276:immunology; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000276:immunology; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000276:immunology*; D014354:Trypanosomiasis, Bovine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D011063:Poly A-U; D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant