title: Sulfur-free parathyroid hormone analogues containing D-amino acids: biological properties in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Three sulfur-free analogues of bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH) containing D-amino acids were synthesized by the solid-phase method and their biological properties compared in an in vitro bioassay (rat renal adenylate cyclase assay), a receptor assay for parathyroid hormone (PTH) (canine renal membranes), and an in vivo bioassay (chick hypercalcemia assay). The analogue [Nle8,Nle18,D-Tyr34]-bPTH-(1-34)-amide, which was found to be more than 4 times as potent in vitro as unsubstituted PTH, is the most potent analogue of PTH yet synthesized. The enhanced potency was largely attributable to increased affinity for the PTH receptor. In vivo, however, this analogue was only one-third as potent as bPTH-(1-34). Cumulative evidence suggests that the nearly 15-fold decline in the relative potency when the compound was assayed in vivo is due to the substitution of norleucine for methionine. The other analogues, [D-Val2,Nle8,D-Tyr34]bPTH-(1-34)-amide and [D-Val2,Nle8,Nle18,D=Tyr34]bPTH-(2-34)-amide, were only weakly active in vitro and in vivo, indicating that substitution with D-amino acids at the NH2 terminus of PTH causes markedly diminished receptor affinity. In fact, the placement of a D-amino acid at the NH2 terminus is more deleterious to biological activity than is omission of amino acids at positions 1 and 2.
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D004285:Dogs; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000201:enzymology; D007700:Kinetics; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018016:Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases