title: [Moxalactam and cefotaxime--two new beta-lactam antibiotics compared with three well-known cephalosporins].
abstract: This study compares the minimum inhibitory concentrations of moxalactam and cefotaxime, two beta-lactam-antibiotics, with those of cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and cefazolin for 523 gram-positive and -negative strains. Moxalactam and cefotaxime inhibit nearly all clinically important Enterobacteriaceae at concentrations less than 0.05 microgram/ml. Cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and cefazolin suppress bacterial growth at about 5--10 times higher concentrations. All strains of Pseudomonas are normally resistant to those three established cephalosporins, but about 60% are susceptible to 32 micrograms/ml of cefotaxime and moxalactam, a concentration which falls below achievable serum levels however does not exhibit any therapeutical effect. Against Staphylococcus aureus cefazolin is the most effective of all antibiotics tested (MIC 0.125--1 microgram/ml), cefotaxime appears to be somewhat less active (MIC 2--4 micrograms/ml), and a minimum of 8 micrograms/ml of moxalactam is needed to prevent bacterial growth. Streptococcus faecalis seems to be resistant to 128 micrograms/ml of moxalactam whereas the effect of cefotaxime is quite different. After transfers of Enterobacteriaceae on media containing cefotaxime or moxalactam a striking decrease of susceptibility sometimes occurs.
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002440:Cefoxitin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002444:Cefuroxime / Q000494:pharmacology; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002513:Cephamycins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D009070:Moxalactam
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D002513:Cephamycins; D002440:Cefoxitin; D002437:Cefazolin; D002439:Cefotaxime; D002444:Cefuroxime; D009070:Moxalactam
vernacular_title: Moxalactam und Cefotaxim -- zwei neue beta-Lactam-Antibiotika im Vergleich mit drei älteren Cephalosporinen.