title: Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance patterns in Clostridium perfringens from animals.
abstract: Different patterns of resistance against commonly used macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin antibiotics were found in Clostridium perfringens of animal origin. The patterns were designated as (i) macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin group B generalized resistance, (ii) macrolide-lincosamide generalized resistance, (iii) macrolide-lincosamide inducible resistance, and (iv) macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin low-level generalized resistance. The strains of the fourth pattern were able to inactivate pristinamycin and virginiamycin. The macrolide-susceptible strains showed a bimodal distribution of lincomycin and clindamycin susceptibility levels. The susceptible strains were inhibited by 0.25 micrograms of lincomycin per ml and 0.03 micrograms of clindamycin per ml. The low-level resistant strains were inhibited at concentrations of 2 to 4 micrograms of lincomycin per ml and 0.5 to 2 micrograms of clindamycin per ml.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000187:drug effects*; D003470:Culture Media; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D008034:Lincomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013552:Swine; D014769:Virginiamycin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D014769:Virginiamycin; D002981:Clindamycin; D008034:Lincomycin