title: Acetylcholine inhibits positive inotropic effect of cholera toxin in ventricular muscle.
abstract: Acetylcholine (ACh, 10(-6) M) had no effect on basal adenylate cyclase activity (3.4 +/- 0.56 pmol cyclic AMP . min-1 . mg wet wt-1), adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) content (0.88 +/- 0.09 pmol/mg wet wt), or the force of contraction in paced (2.5 Hz) chick embryo right ventricles superfused with Tyrode solution. After 60-180 min of superfusion in the presence of cholera toxin (5 x 10(-6) g/ml), adenylate cyclase activity (1.7 times), cyclic AMP content (2.4 times), and contractility (2.4 times) had increased significantly above basal levels. ACh reversed the positive inotropic effect of cholera toxin but did not change the increased activity of adenylate cyclase and content of cyclic AMP obtained in cholera toxin. Stimulation of adenylate cyclase by isoproterenol (ISO) was inhibited by ACh in the absence and presence of cholera toxin. ACh did not change guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) content in the absence or presence of cholera toxin. Cholera toxin has actions on chick embryo ventricle similar to those of the beta-adrenergic agonist, ISO, and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, isobutylmethylxanthine. The ability of ACh to reverse the positive inotropic effect of cholera toxin without preventing the accumulation of cyclic AMP may involve the prevention or reversal of cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation. In this regard, reduction of Ca2+ influx through voltage-sensitive membrane channels may be an essential component of muscarinic inhibition.
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000032:analysis; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000032:analysis; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002772:Cholera Toxin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D007545:Isoproterenol; D000109:Acetylcholine