title: VP-16-213 (etoposide): the mandrake root from Issyk-Kul.
abstract: VP-16-213 (etoposide) is an orally and parenterally active antineoplastic agent synthesized from podophyllum extracts of a common North American plant, the May apple or mandrake. The drug delays and kills cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and is active in a variety of animal tumors and leukemias. Major therapeutic activity for the drug has been found in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma, germ cell malignancies, acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease and non-HOdgkin's lymphoma. Minor therapeutic activity of the drug occurs in non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma, pediatric neoplasms, hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancer. Toxicity is primarily hematologic, with alopecia, nausea and vomiting occurring less frequently.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004407:Dysgerminoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D005047:Etoposide / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D011034:Podophyllotoxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D011034:Podophyllotoxin