title: Dietary management of urinary risk factors in renal stone formers.
abstract: Three hundred and ninety-two stone formers were investigated to exclude systemic disorders and to define the presence of haematological and urinary abnormality commonly associated with stone disease. Increased urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate or uric acid was found in 40% and there was more than one abnormality in 16% of the patients. The dietary habit of stone formers did not differ significantly from that of control subjects. Dietary advice to increase the consumption of fibre and reduce the consumption of sugar, refined carbohydrates and animal protein produced a significant reduction in the urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate and uric acid. We consider that reduction of the nutrient density of the diet by this means is the first line of management of idiopathic stone formers.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010070:Oxalates / Q000652:urine; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012306:Risk; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010070:Oxalates; D014527:Uric Acid; D002118:Calcium