title: Differential regulation of calcium-dependent and calcium-independent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases from heart by palmitoylcarnitine and palmitoyl coenzyme A.
abstract: Regulation of Ca2+-dependent (peak I) and Ca2+-independent (peak II) phosphodiesterases from the heart by various fatty acyl esters and phospholipids were studied. DL-Palmitoylcarnitine stimulated the basal activity (in the absence of Ca2+) of peak I enzyme, while non-competitively inhibiting peak II enzyme with respect to cyclic AMP. It had no effect on other species of Ca2+-independent phosphodiesterases, including cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP-specific enzymes from the lung, and cyclic CMP enzyme from the liver Palmitoyl-CoA and phosphatidylserine also stimulated the basal activity of peak I enzyme, but they were without effect on peak II enzyme. In comparison, DL-palmitoylcarnitine inhibited Ca2+-dependent activity of cardiac myosin light chain kinase, whereas phosphatidylserine was without effect. It is conceivable that differential regulation of phosphodiesterases by these lipids could profoundly alter the levels or effects, or both, of cyclic nucleotides and Ca2+ in the myocardium.
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002417:Cattle; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology*; D010171:Palmitoyl Coenzyme A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010172:Palmitoylcarnitine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014268:Trifluoperazine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010171:Palmitoyl Coenzyme A; D010172:Palmitoylcarnitine; D014268:Trifluoperazine; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D002331:Carnitine; D002118:Calcium