title: Effects of muramyl dipeptide on superoxide anion release and on anti-microbial activity of human macrophages.
abstract: Exposure of human monocyte derived macrophages to muramyl dipeptide in vitro increased phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated O2- release by these cells; the activity of such macrophages against Toxoplasma gondii or against Staphylococcus aureus was not increased. The failure of muramyl dipeptide to enhance human macrophage anti-microbial activity correlated with the failure of muramyl dipeptide to enhance O2- release in response to phagocytic stimuli. These results and those previously published by others indicate that muramyl dipeptide may enhance release of certain inflammatory mediators (O2- and endogenous pyrogen) without enhancing the anti-microbial activity of human macrophages.
mesh_terms: D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides; D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D010100:Oxygen