Activation of adrenal function in fetal sheep by the infusion of adrenocorticotropin to the fetus in utero.
We determined whether ACTH1-24, infused into fetal lambs at a rate that is known to cause premature labor, elicits changes in the responsiveness of the fetal adrenal glands, and alters the pattern of corticosteroid output. Plasma cortisol (F), corticosterone (B) and progesterone (P4) were measured during 72 h of infusion of saline or ACTH (10 micrograms/h) beginning on Day 127 of pregnancy. Adrenals were then dispersed into isolated cells, and the output of F, B and P4 after exogenous ACTH determined in vitro. Plasma concentrations of F and B were higher in ACTH-treated fetuses. The increment in F (5-to 7-fold) was greater than that in B (2-fold) such that the F:B ratio in plasma of ACTH-treated fetuses on Days 2 and 3 of infusion was 2.5 times higher than in controls. After 72 h of infusion, the adrenal weights in ACTH-treated fetuses (741 +/- 38 mg, +/- SEM; n = 4) were greater than in the control animals (349 +/- 11 mg). There was a significant effect of ACTH pretreatment in vivo on F output by isolated adrenal cells in vitro. Mean increments in F output after addition of ACTH1-24 (5000 pg/ml) in vitro rose from 368 +/- 235 pg/50,000 cells in controls, to 64,639 +/- 19,875 pg/50,000 cells after ACTH in vivo. There was no significant effect of ACTH in vivo on B output in vitro; the ratio of F:B output, either in the absence or presence of ACTH in vitro, was significantly higher in cells from ACTH-pretreated fetuses. There was a significant effect of in vivo ACTH on in vitro P4 output. After ACTH treatment in vivo there was an increase in the vitro output ratio of F:P4, but no change in the output ratio of B:P4. We conclude that ACTH treatment of the fetal lamb in vivo results in activation of fetal adrenal function, increased fetal adrenal responsiveness to ACTH, and directed corticosteroid biosynthesis towards cortisol. Our results are consistent with an increase in fetal adrenal 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity after ACTH treatment.
D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000818:Animals; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D003366:Cosyntropin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000139:chemically induced; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012756:Sheep
D003366:Cosyntropin; D011374:Progesterone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003345:Corticosterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone