title: Nucleosides. 123. Synthesis of antiviral nucleosides: 5-substituted 1-(2-deoxy-2-halogeno-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosines and -uracils. Some structure-activity relationships.
abstract: The syntheses of several 2'-halogeno-5-substituted-arabinofuranosylcytosines and -uracils are described, and relationships of structure to anti herpes virus activity in vitro were examined. Those arabinonucleosides containing the 2'-fluoro function exhibit, generally, more potent anti herpes virus (HSV) activity than do their 2'-chloro of 2'-bromo analogues. The importance of the fluorine in the 2'-"up" (arabino) configuration for enhancement of antiviral effectiveness is demonstrated by the superior activity of 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-ara-C [3a, FIAC] to that of 2'-fluoro-5-iodo-ribo-C. Of all the nucleosides tested herein, FIAC exhibited the most potent in vitro activity against HSV. 2'-Chloro-5-iodo- and -5-methyl-ara-C (3b and 4b) were 37 to greater than 500 times more effective in vitro against HSV type 2 than against type 1, suggesting that these latter derivatives might serve clinically as useful probes to distinguish between HSV types 1 and 2 in the diagnosis of HSV infections in man.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007668:Kidney; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009705:Nucleosides; D014498:Uracil; D003596:Cytosine