title: Regulation of phosphorylase kinase in rat ventricular myocardium. Role of calmodulin.
abstract: Conversion of phosphorylase b to a which is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphorylase kinase is known to require Ca++. Trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent enzymes, was utilized in the present study to clarify the role in vivo of calcium-calmodulin regulation of phosphorylase kinase. Twenty-minute preperfusion of isolated rat ventricles with 10(-5) M trifluoperazine had no effect on basal levels of phosphorylase a but significantly attenuated phosphorylase activation induced by either calcium (3.75 mM) or isoproterenol (3 x 10(-9) M, 3 x 10(-8) M). The positive inotropic effect of both agents and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) levels were not altered by trifluoperazine in the perfused hearts. In addition, no effects of 10(-5) M trifluoperazine were noted on beta-adrenergic receptor binding of [3H](+/-)carazolol or on adenylate cyclase activity. In vitro studies with partially purified rat cardiac phosphorylase kinase demonstrated 1.5- to 3-fold stimulation by exogenous calmodulin. The addition of 10(-5) M trifluoperazine prevented calmodulin stimulation but had little effect on activity in the absence of exogenous calmodulin. The present results suggest that reversible binding of calcium-calmodulin may represent a physiological means for regulating phosphorylase kinase activity in rat cardiac muscle.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000201:enzymology; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology*; D010477:Perfusion; D010764:Phosphorylase Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects; D014268:Trifluoperazine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002147:Calmodulin; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D014268:Trifluoperazine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D010764:Phosphorylase Kinase; D007545:Isoproterenol; D002118:Calcium