title: Influence of rye and dietary salt level on water and sodium metabolism in intact and colostomized roosters.
abstract: A study of water and Na metabolism was conducted with 24 roosters fed diets based on either corn or rye with two levels (.4 and 1.0%) of added salt. A diet containing water-extracted rye and a diet based on corn with a freeze-dried water extract of rye added at a level of 12% were also used in the study. Measurements were made on intact and colostomized roosters. In intact roosters dry matter metabolizability was depressed when rye diets were compared with corn diets. Measurements in feces from colostromized roosters fed rye as compared to those fed corn indicated that moisture, viscosity, and water holding capacity were increased and that bulk density was decreased. Diet salt level did not influence the responses regarding these parameters, but water extraction of rye completely alleviated the effects of rye on dry matter metabolizability and viscosity and partially reduced the influence of rye on fecal moisture while not altering the responses regarding water holding capacity or bulk density of feces. With the exception of feces moisture, the water extract of rye had no influence regarding these parameters. Roosters fed rye in comparison to those fed corn showed increases in water intake and excreta moisture content and decreases in urine sodium concentrations and plasma clearance of sodium. The response to rye regarding these latter parameters was dependent on diet salt level. The data indicated a reduced availability of sodium at the cellular level in rye-fed birds, which was manifest in a difference in route of excretion of sodium such that urine was the major route in corn-fed birds and feces was the major route for birds fed rye. The dietary fiber content of rye appeared to be a major factor in rye influencing sodium availability.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D003125:Colostomy / Q000662:veterinary; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D012434:Secale / Q000032:analysis; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012964:Sodium