title: A mail survey of factors associated with morbidity and mortality in feedlot calves in southwestern Ontario.
abstract: The design and results of a mail survey of a simple random sample of southwestern Ontario feedlot owners are presented. The survey provided general data about management of feedlot calves and the association between a number of factors and disease and/or death rates. The number of calves purchased was related positively, in a linear manner, to mortality and morbidity rates. Increased levels of morbidity and mortality were noted when the ration was changed to corn silage from dry-hay within the first month after arrival. However, it was not clear whether the ration changes preceded or followed increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Prophylactic levels of antimicrobials in the water supply were associated with increased death losses. Shipping cattle by truck, rather than train, was associated with decreased rates of disease. Processing factors, including using vaccines against respiratory disease, were not associated significantly with mortality or morbidity. It was concluded that reducing the number of calves, to approximately 100 per group, not changing the ration to silage within the first month and not using antibiotics in the water supply on arrival could significantly reduce disease and death losses.
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014186:Transportation; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D014765:Viral Vaccines