title: Two classes of cAMP analogs which are selective for the two different cAMP-binding sites of type II protein kinase demonstrate synergism when added together to intact adipocytes.
abstract: Twenty-five cyclic nucleotide analogs were tested individually to act as lipolytic agents and to activate adipocyte protein kinase. The lipolytic potency of individual analogs correlated better with their Ka for protein kinase and their lipophilicity rather than with either parameter alone. Some of the most potent lipolytic analogs had I50 values for the particulate low Km cAMP phosphodiesterase suggesting that their effect was not due to raising endogenous cAMP levels through inhibition of phosphodiesterase. The most potent lipolytic analogs contained a thio moiety at the C-8 or C-6 position. These analogs exhibited concave upward dose-response curves. At high concentrations, some analogs were as effective as optimal concentrations of epinephrine in stimulating glycerol release. The regulatory subunit of protein kinase has two different intrachain cAMP-binding sites and cAMP analogs modified at the C-8 position (C-8 analogs) are generally selective for Site 1 and analogs modified at the C-6 position (C-6 analogs) are generally selective for Site 2 (Rannels, S. R., and Corbin, J. D. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 7085-7088). Thus, C-8 and C-6 analogs were tested in combination to stimulate lipolysis in intact adipocytes and to activate protein kinase in vitro. Each process was stimulated synergistically by a combination of a C-6 and C-8 analog. Two C-8 analogs or two C-6 analogs added together did not cause synergism of either process. For both lipolysis and protein kinase activation, C-8 thio analogs acted more synergistically than C-8 amino analogs when incubated in combination with C-6 analogs, a characteristic of type II protein kinase. It is concluded that the observed synergism of lipolysis is due to binding of cAMP analogs to both intrachain sites and that it is the type II protein kinase isozyme which is responsible for the lipolytic response.
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000201:enzymology*; D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011494:Protein Kinases; D004837:Epinephrine