title: Multiple mechanisms of withdrawal from opioid drugs.
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000502:physiology; D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000502:physiology; D003000:Clonidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000502:physiology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000502:physiology; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009294:Narcotics / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000502:physiology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D002147:Calmodulin; D004745:Enkephalins; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009294:Narcotics; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D012701:Serotonin; D009270:Naloxone; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D003000:Clonidine; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002118:Calcium; D008691:Methadone; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine