title: Morphologic changes produced by amdinocillin alone and in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics: in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphologic effects of amdinocillin (mecillinam) when combined with several beta-lactam antibiotics in vitro (Escherichia coli, three isolates; Klebsiella pneumoniae, one isolate) and also in vivo (E. coli, one isolate). Ovoid forms were found in the cultures of E. coli and K. pneumoniae following in vitro exposure to amdinocillin. This characteristic in vitro effect was also produced in the amdinocillin-treated E. coli-infected mouse. Varying degrees of filament formation were seen both in vitro and in vivo with the other beta-lactam antibiotics tested. The in vitro combination of amdinocillin with the beta-lactam antibiotics produced morphologic effects on E. coli and K. pneumoniae (enhanced cell distortion and lysis) not seen with the individual agents at the doses tested. Amdinocillin was synergistic with ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cephalothin in mice challenged with E. coli 736; scanning electron microscopy of bacteria from peritoneal lavages of mice treated with these synergistic combinations indicated that the organisms were more enlarged and distorted than those from animals receiving the individual agents. The enhanced morphologic effect observed in vivo was in agreement with the in vitro effect. Viable counts of bacteria recovered from mice treated with ampicillin plus amdinocillin were appreciably less than those from mice treated with each agent alone. The morphologic results from the scanning electron microscopy study point to a synergistic or enhanced effect of amdinocillin in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics and are in accord with prior reports of the synergistic effects of amdinocillin.
mesh_terms: D000560:Amdinocillin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010397:Penicillanic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010397:Penicillanic Acid; D000560:Amdinocillin