Activity in sympathetic neurons supplying skin and skeletal muscle in spinal cats.
In anesthetized cats with intact neuraxis, vasoconstrictor neurons supplying skeletal muscle (MVC) and hairy and hairless skin (CVC), and sudomotor neurons innervating sweat glands (SM), exhibit distinct reflex patterns. MVC and SM are largely under excitatory, CVC under inhibitory control of various afferent input systems from the body surface and from the viscera. In chronic spinal animals all 3 types of sympathetic neurons exhibit some resting activity without cardiac and respiratory modulation. Sixty to 150 days after isolation of the neural circuits within the sympathetic systems within the spinal cord from their descending control systems by spinalization, these reflex patterns are very similar to those in animals with intact neuraxis. Important changes which do occur after spinalization are the following: CVC neurons are excited by stimulation of visceral afferents in spinal animals but inhibited in animals with intact neuraxis; noxious stimulation of skin leads to long-lasting after-effects in CVC and SM neurons in spinal animals. Comparison of reflexes among spinal animals and animals with intact neuraxis indicates that spinal circuits are probably important for the functioning of the sympathetic systems. It is possible that these circuits determine the typical reaction patterns seen in the sympathetic systems by integrating multisensory information from primary afferents and information from spinal descending fiber tracts.
D000818:Animals; D001338:Autonomic Fibers, Postganglionic / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D002415:Cats; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation*; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission; D014661:Vasoconstriction; D014664:Vasodilation