title: The primary vestibular projection to the cerebellar cortex in the pigeon (Columba livia).
abstract: The cerebellar cortex of the pigeon receiving direct vestibular afferents was delineated by anterograde transport of [3H]-amino acids injected into the vestibular nerve. Labelled mossy fiber rosettes in the granular layer were concentrated in lobule X (nodulus) and to a lesser extent, in the ventral portion of lobule IXd (uvula and paraflocculus). A few solitary labelled rosettes were also found in more dorsal portions of lobule IX, as well as in the anterior lobe between lobule II and IV. The lingula remained unlabelled. Discrete injections of [3H]-leucine into the cristae of each of the three semicircular canals or the utricular macula yielded a similar distribution of fewer labelled rosettes. A few primary mossy fiber terminals labelled after cochlear injections are attributed to afferents from the lagenar macula. Since effective diffusion of label from the injection site was excluded by controls, it is concluded that projection of individual canal and macula nerves to the vestibulocerebellar cortex is not topographically separated. It is proposed that this extensive convergence of various afferents is required by the cerebellum to compute precise and directionally specific control signals during head rotation in all conceivable planes.
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids; D000818:Animals; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D003056:Cochlear Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D010856:Columbidae / Q000502:physiology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology; D007930:Leucine; D012665:Semicircular Canals / Q000294:innervation; D009435:Synaptic Transmission; D014316:Tritium; D014725:Vestibular Nerve / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D014316:Tritium; D007930:Leucine