Instrumentation and procedures for real time measurements of proton motive force, membrane potential, delta pH, proton extrusion, and oxygen uptake in respiring cells and vesicles.
D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011522:Protons
D011522:Protons