title: Scanning electron microscopy of human spermatozoa after incubation with the spermicide nonoxynol-9.
abstract: The most frequently utilized spermicide in vaginal contraceptives is No-9. Schill and Wolff used TEM to demonstrate the focal effects of No-9 on human sperm and reported that No-9 damaged cell membranes and acrosomal membrane complexes. The present study by SEM was made to assess the extent of membrane damage due to the direct action of No-9 during an incubation period of only 5 minutes. SEM revealed that No-9 caused loosening and detachment of acrosomal, neck, and midpiece membranes of all sperm even at the lowest concentration tested (0.05%). The severity of membrane alterations observed in any of these regions would render sperm immotile and unable to penetrate the ovum. The fact that these alterations are produced within 5 minutes after exposure to No-9 attests to the effectiveness of No-9 as a vaginal contraceptive.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D017137:Nonoxynol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D017137:Nonoxynol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols