title: Severe limb deficiency in Poland's syndrome.
abstract: Although Poland's syndrome is classically considered to consist of simple syndactyly, limb hypoplasia, and ipsilateral pectoral muscle agenesis, a rate group of patients with pectoral agenesis has more severe limb deficiencies. In ten of these patients and in similar patients reported in the literature, a broad range of limb deformities was observed. The authors classified the patients according to limb anomalies: type 1, five digits present even if hypoplastic; type 2, functional border digits with the absence of central digits; type 3, more severe absence deformities with no functional digits; and type 4, radial ray defects with absent thumb. The understanding that Poland's syndrome includes a spectrum of limb anomalies is important in searching for associated birth defects, in genetic counseling, and, possibly, in elucidating the pathogenesis of the syndrome.
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013576:Syndactyly / Q000150:complications*; D013577:Syndrome