title: Chronic dietary copper deficiency alters biochemical and morphological properties of mouse lymphoid tissues.
abstract: Chronic copper deficiency in mice impairs both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, but the mechanisms are unknown. Copper deficiency was produced in C58 mice by feeding dams a diet low in copper throughout lactation and weaning the pups to this diet. Control mice were from dams fed the same diet but with copper supplementation the drinking water. Six-week-old mice were sampled for biochemical and morphological studies. Compared to copper-supplemented mice, copper-deficient animals were smaller, anemic and exhibited hypoceruloplasminemia. The copper-deficient mice have small thymus glands, enlarged spleens, and livers equivalent in size to copper-supplemented mice. Thymic atrophy is not caused by elevated serum corticosterone. Liver, spleen, and thymus tissues from copper-deficient mice exhibit low cytochrome oxidase (56, 38, and 45%, respectively) and superoxide dismutase activities (61, 60, and 43%, respectively) compared to tissues from copper-supplemented mice, indicating a functional copper deficiency. Electron micrographs taken of thymus and spleen from copper-deficient mice demonstrate altered morphology characterized by abnormal mitochondria and misshapen nuclei. Chronic copper deficiency alters the size, biochemistry and morphology of primary (thymus) and secondary (spleen) lymphoid tissue.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000172:deficiency*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000201:enzymology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV