title: Recent perspectives on the toxicodynamic basis of cyanide antagonism.
abstract: The mechanism of action of nitrite-thiosulfate (Chen et al., 1933a ,b; Hug , 1933) in the antagonism of the lethal effects of cyanide is much more complex than proposed 50 years ago. Some of the recent findings concerning the mechanism of nitrite action have conceptual theoretical and practical significance, as the development of newer cyanide antagonists are dependent on the elucidation of the basic mechanism of antidotal action. There are preliminary evidence which suggest a vasogenic action rather than methemoglobin formation is the primary action of nitrite, as a cyanide antagonist. Various vasogenic compounds have been uncovered and they may play an important role in the future development of a new class of cyanide antagonists. Also recent development in thiol detoxication of cyanide suggest that rhodanese may play a more complex role. The detoxification of cyanide may be viewed from a considerably more complex perspective with the elucidation of recent mechanisms. It also may provide a newer conceptual basis for a more rational development of future compounds to antagonize the lethal effects of cyanide.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003035:Cobalt / Q000494:pharmacology; D003486:Cyanides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008706:Methemoglobin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D012545:Schiff Bases / Q000378:metabolism; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D003486:Cyanides; D012545:Schiff Bases; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D003035:Cobalt; D008706:Methemoglobin; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D010100:Oxygen