title: Endotracheal administration of emergency medications.
abstract: When vascular access is delayed or unreliable in emergency situations, an endotracheal tube provides a rapid and reliable route for administration of medication. Epinephrine, lidocaine, and atropine have shown clinical efficacy when given by the endotracheal route. There is evidence that other medications including naloxone and diazepam may also be suitable for endotracheal use, but clear-cut recommendations await further studies of pharmacokinetics and toxicity.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000188:drug therapy; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004630:Emergencies; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009270:Naloxone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D001639:Bicarbonates; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D009270:Naloxone; D001285:Atropine; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D008012:Lidocaine; D003975:Diazepam; D004837:Epinephrine