Replication of herpes simplex virus in human T lymphocytes: characterization of the viral target cell.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) replicated in mitogen-stimulated human T cells. Virus replication was obtained in highly enriched mitogen-stimulated T cells of the OKT 3+, OKT 4+, or OKT 8+ subtype, in stimulated B cells, and in macrophages precultured for 7 days. In contrast, no virus replication was obtained in unstimulated T or B cells, in macrophages grown in culture for 1 day, in Null/NK cells, or in granulocytes. Infectious center assays revealed that below 1% of the infected T cell subpopulations supported virus replication, whereas up to 42% of infected B cells and 80% of macrophages cultured for 1 wk were able to replicate HSV. By indirect double immunofluorescence studies, complement-mediated mass cytolysis, and positive selection experiments, it was shown that only T cells expressing Ia antigen actively replicated the virus. T cells activated in the mixed lymphocyte culture and with UV-inactivated HSV were also susceptible to HSV infection. Several human leukocyte cell lines were tested for their ability to support virus replication and were tested for a correlation with the expression of Ia antigen. Only cell lines expressing Ia antigen on more than about 5% of the total population produced new progeny virus. Ia-expressing T cells that spontaneously replicated HSV without any mitogenic prestimulation were found to occur in variable numbers in human cord blood. It is suggested, that such T cells, permissive for HSV replication, might contribute to an outspread of viral infection in vivo.
D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D010641:Phenotype; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D014779:Virus Replication
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II