title: Transmembrane signalling systems.
abstract: The three major strategies for transmembrane signalling at the plasma membrane level involve either second messengers, ion channels or receptor-mediated endocytosis. Two second-messenger types of transmembrane signalling systems have been analyzed: the adenylate cyclase and protein kinase C systems. Both are triggered by a variety of biological signals and eventually activate a specific protein kinase. The pathogenic stimulation of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase C systems by cholera toxin and tumor promoters, respectively, is described.
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D010949:Plasma / Q000166:cytology; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011494:Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases