title: Cyclic nucleotides affect growth and differentiation of cultured rat embryonic shields.
abstract: The modified organ culture of rat embryonic shields provides favorable conditions during 2 weeks for the differentiation of main tissue types. Since the terminal differentiation in explants is inferior to that obtained in the homografts of the same shields under the kidney capsule, we tried to improve the culture medium by adding some known regulatory molecules: db-cAMP, db-cGMP, ATP, AMP, and butyric acid. These agents were added to the liquid medium in the concentration of 1 mM. In the first part of the study the explants were fixed and weighed after 8 or 14 days in vitro culture, and histological sections were examined. When the explants were treated with db-cAMP during the second week of culture, the skeletal muscle appeared more frequently in the treated series than in controls, and the weight of the treated explants was sometimes increased when compared with the control series. The db-cGMP had no effect on differentiation, but stimulated the growth of the explants when applied during the first week of culture. On the contrary, the db-cAMP when added during the first week, severely impeded the growth of explants. Other agents seem to be ineffective. In the second part, the content of cAMP and cGMP was measured in normal explants. The radioimmunoassay showed the same content of cAMP and cGMP during the entire culture period. In the third part of our study the incorporation of tritiated uridine and tritiated thymidine was measured during the second week of culture after the addition of db-cAMP. During the first days of treatment with db-cAMP the uptake of tritiated uridine and thymidine was inhibited, whereas on the seventh day the uptake was similar to that of the control. We can conclude that both cyclic nucleotides have a visible effect on growth whereas only cAMP has a positive impact on the differentiation of myotubes in cultured rat embryonic shields.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003995:Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D005775:Gastrula / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000196:embryology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D051381:Rats; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014529:Uridine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003995:Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP; D003994:Bucladesine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D013936:Thymidine; D014529:Uridine