title: [Physiology and pathophysiology of calcium and phosphate metabolism in newborn infants. Personal study results and literature references].
abstract: This description of the physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium and phosphate balance in neonates is based on our own studies and a short review of the literature. In general, the higher the calcium concentration in the umbilical cord blood the greater its decrease during the first two days of life. With asphyxiated newborns the decrease in the serum level of both the total calcium and the ionized calcium surpasses that in nonasphyxiated newborns by approximately a third. There are various causes for neonatal hypocalcemia. The most striking causes for the early form of hypocalcemia are likely to be a transient hypoparathyroidism or a failure of end-organ responsiveness. In nearly all newborns we found a low urinary cAMP excretion on the first day of life increasing significantly until the fourth day. Measurements of the urinary cAMP excretion are an appropriate parameter for recognizing the parathormone effect. By measuring both the parathormone level in the serum and the urinary cAMP excretion it is possible to distinguish hypoparathyroidism from pseudoparathyroidism . Several cases with different forms of hypocalcemia are discussed.
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000652:urine; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000652:urine; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D013746:Tetany / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D002118:Calcium
vernacular_title: Physiologie und Pathophysiologie des Kalzium- und Phosphatstoffwechsels im Neugeborenenalter.