title: Study of the Hansenula anomala yeast flavocytochrome-b2--cytochrome-c complex 1. Characterization of fluorescent Zn(II)-substituted cytochrome c.
abstract: Substitution of Fe2+ for the Zn2+ ion in Hansenula anomala cytochrome c provides a luminescent derivative suitable as a probe for the determination of the interaction of cytochrome c with H. anomala flavocytochrome b2; its light absorption and fluorescence properties have been characterized. H. anomala Zn-cytochrome c appears to be in the form of a stable though non-covalent dimer from molecular weight determinations performed using gel filtration, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions, and ultracentrifugation methods. By contrast, metal-free porphyrin-cytochrome c, the precursor of Zn-cytochrome c obtained upon removal of iron from cytochrome c in cold anhydrous fluorhydric acid, had the same partition coefficient as native cytochrome c through conventional gel filtration. Significant conformational perturbations of H. anomala cytochrome c should therefore follow from Zn2+ incorporation into the porphyrin c moiety. Titrations at low ionic strength with native, tetrameric H. anomala flavocytochrome b2 in the lactate-reduced state showed a simple binding equilibrium (Kd = 0.1 microM at I = 0.03 M, 10 degrees C) with a stoichiometry of one Zn-cytochrome c dimer per protomer of flavocytochrome b2. Quenching of the Zn-porphyrin c fluorescence within this complex was much larger (43%) than reported by other authors using cytochrome c and flavocytochrome b2 from different sources.
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000201:enzymology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D007501:Iron; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D042844:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (Cytochrome); D008970:Molecular Weight; D010843:Pichia / Q000201:enzymology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014461:Ultracentrifugation; D015032:Zinc
chemical_list: D003574:Cytochrome c Group; D007501:Iron; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D042844:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (Cytochrome); D015032:Zinc