title: The effect of two chemical mutagens ENU and MMS on MR-mediated reversion of an insertion-sequence mutation in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: The effects of two mutagens ENU and MMS characterized by different alkylation patterns have been studied on the reversion of an MR-induced singed mutation to wild-type. Reversion of this unstable singed mutation under the influence of MR is assumed to represent the removal or transposition of an insertion element. Since MR acts primarily in spermatogonia, the mutagens were fed to 1st instar larvae. Recessive lethal tests were carried out simultaneously to calibrate for the mutagenic effectiveness of the chemicals. For both powerful mutagens, it was observed that the frequency of reversion remained far below of what would have been expected on the basis of the mutagenic effectiveness, as registered in the lethal tests. Thus 1 mM ENU, 5 mM and 10 mM MMS did not affect the reversion frequency at all, and with 3 mM ENU only a doubling of the reversion frequency was observed, despite a 5-fold increase in the lethal frequency. The threshold at 1 mM EMU and the low effectiveness of 3 mM on the reversion process are taken as an indication that ENU affected the transposition process in an indirect manner, rather than the excision events themselves. The data obtained with Drosophila are consistent with the microbial observations in that mutation involving removal or transposition of an insertion element is not affected by mutagenic treatments. This finding may have consequences for the evaluation of induced genetic damage on the basis of the spontaneous load of genetic detriment in man. An incidental observation was that non-MR Cy larvae exhibited greater sensitivity to the induction of recessive lethals by MMS than MR-individuals.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000187:drug effects*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005804:Genes, Lethal; D008297:Male; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D009607:Nitrosourea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D009607:Nitrosourea Compounds; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea