title: Antagonism of calmodulin and phosphodiesterase by nifedipine and related calcium entry blockers.
abstract: Nifedipine, a 1,4-dihydropyridine Ca2+ entry blocker, partially inhibits calmodulin-activated and, to a lesser extent, basal (non-activated) cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity at 10-440 microM. The inhibition of calmodulin-activated phosphodieserase does not parallel Ca2+ entry blockade, since analogs of nifedipine, which are 500-fold less potent than nifedipine as Ca2+ entry blockers (Bolger et al. (1982) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 104, 1604-1609), are equal in potency to nifedipine as calmodulin-activated phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Furthermore, the inhibition of calmodulin-activated phosphodiesterase by nifedipine is about 500-fold less potent than its inhibition of Ca2+ entry blockade. It is suggested that the low affinity interaction of nifedipine and related 1,4-dihydropyridines with calmodulin and phosphodiesterase is also of low specificity and therefore is unlikely to contribute to the cardiac and vascular muscle relaxant actions of these drugs at normal pharmacological concentrations.
mesh_terms: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015736:Felodipine; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007536:Isomerism; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002147:Calmodulin; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D009543:Nifedipine; D015736:Felodipine