title: Clinical and bacteriological responses to three antibiotic regimens for acute exacerbations of cystic fibrosis: ticarcillin-tobramycin, azlocillin-tobramycin, and azlocillin-placebo.
abstract: In a randomized, double-blind study, cystic fibrosis patients 11-30 years of age with an acute exacerbation of their pulmonary disease were treated with either ticarcillin-tobramycin, azlocillin-tobramycin, or azlocillin-placebo for 10 days. There was significant improvement in Shwachman scores and pulmonary function tests. Concentrations of sputum bacteria were significantly reduced, but after therapy patients had a mean of 10(7) bacteria/ml of sputum. Pseudomonas was transiently eliminated in only one patient. The three regimens had similar impacts on pulmonary function and sputum bacterial concentration. Antibiotic resistance was noted more frequently in the azlocillin-placebo group, but this trend was not statistically significant. Improvement in pulmonary function did not correlate with bacteriological response. Four weeks after discharge, 62% of the improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second and 75% of the improvement in vital capacity remained, but concentrations of sputum bacteria had returned to pretreatment levels, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria persisted.
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001390:Azlocillin; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D013982:Ticarcillin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010406:Penicillins; D013982:Ticarcillin; D001390:Azlocillin; D014031:Tobramycin