title: Penile malformation, gender identity and sexual orientation.
abstract: Gender identity and sexual orientation were investigated in 34 men operated for hypospadias in childhood and in 36 matched control subjects. Independent psychiatric assessments from semi-structured interviews, and double-blind formalized psychological ratings from the Rorschach, yielded similar findings. The probands were less secure in their maleness but were similar in sexual orientation as compared to the controls. A third blind, independent measure of unconscious gender identity, the Franck Drawing Completion Test, gave further evidence of uncertain gender identity in the patients. A self-administered inventory, the Gough Femininity Scale, showed a tendency for the patients to take more feminine sex roles. The findings are discussed from psychoendocrinological as well as psycho-analytical view points. The need for early psychological preventive measures for hypospadic boys and their parents is stressed.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005783:Gender Identity; D006716:Homosexuality; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D007062:Identification, Psychological; D008297:Male; D011386:Projective Techniques; D011574:Psychoanalytic Theory
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens