title: Thyrogastric autoimmunity and MHC associated alleles at the C4 locus in patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
abstract: HLA antigens, complement allotypes, insulin antibodies and thyrogastric autoantibodies were determined in 69 patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes defined by a tendency to ketosis, non-obesity and insulin requirement within 2 years of diagnosis. Analysis of HLA and C4 allotypes suggested that Type 1 diabetes was associated with only certain DR3- and DR4-containing supratypes. Low antibody response to insulin was associated with all HLA-DR3, being present in 89% of those with DR3 compared with 48% of those without. Thyrogastric autoantibodies were associated with a null allele at the C4A locus, usually with HLA-B8-C4AQO-C4B1-BfS-DR3. These results indicate that, unlike Type 1 diabetes, low insulin antibody response was associated with all HLA-DR3. Thyrogastric autoantibodies, on the other hand, were associated with a null allele at the C4A locus. It is probable that while interaction between certain HLA-DR3 and DR4-containing supratypes is important in conferring susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes, other manifestations of autoimmunity are associated with supratypes containing C4AQ0, and in particular the diabetogenic supratype HLA-B8-C4AQ0-C4B1-BfS-DR3.
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000235:genetics*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007330:Insulin Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex; D013270:Stomach / Q000276:immunology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D003181:Complement C4; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007330:Insulin Antibodies