title: Extranodal particle accumulations in the axolemma of myelinated frog optic axons.
abstract: Optic nerves of adult frogs were freeze-fractured with the proximal to distal orientation and distances from retina monitored throughout the process. E face particle accumulations are commonly found (approximately 90% of all examples) in the juxtaparanodal portion of the internode (JPI) immediately adjacent to the paranodal junction. The concentration of these particles is usually highest (200-700/micron 2) immediately adjacent to the last strip of the paranodal junction and then decreases over approximately 1-4 micron to the background level (approximately 100/micron 2) of the more remote portions of the internode. Accumulations with high particle concentrations generally extend further into the internode than those with low concentrations. JPI particle accumulations occur with equal frequency in proximal and distal JPIs, and no apparent difference was seen between optic nerve segments adjacent to or distant from the retina. The majority of the JPI particles are large (10 nm or more in diameter), and they resemble the large nodal particles in size and shape. Particle size analysis in different areas of the internode shows that the concentration of small particles does not change significantly along the internode (including the JPI), but the concentration of large particles is significantly higher in the immediate JPI (140-600/micron 2) than in internodal regions (30-55/micron 2). Thus, the high particle concentration at the JPI region is mainly due to the accumulation of large particles. Such accumulations also occur frequently in irregularly shaped 'lakes' between paranodal junctional strips. Here too the particles are primarily large, and the accumulations occur equally in segments adjacent to or distant from the retina and in both proximal and distal paranodal regions. Heminodes occur in all segments of the frog optic nerve. Most of these lack typical nodal specializations.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005614:Freeze Fracturing; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D011894:Rana pipiens; D011901:Ranvier's Nodes / Q000648:ultrastructure