title: Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of ceftazidime: studies on lymph, aqueous humour, skin blister, cerebrospinal and pleural fluid.
abstract: The elimination kinetics and penetration of ceftazidime into skin blister and lymphatic fluid were studied in nine healthy volunteers following a 1 g iv bolus injection. From the concentration time curve in plasma the following pharmacokinetic parameters (mean +/- S.D.) were calculated: elimination half-life 1.85 +/- 0.33 h; area under the curves 127 +/- 12 mg . h/l; apparent volume of distribution: 21.1 +/- 2.61; total plasma clearance: 133 +/- 13 ml/min and renal clearance: 109 +/- 7 ml/min. Urine recovery after 8 h was 82% of the administered dose. Nearly the same elimination rate constant, half-life and area under the curve were demonstrated for blister fluid and lymph. The penetration of ceftazidime into cerebrospinal fluid (n = 19), aqueous humour (n = 21) and pleural effusions (n = 5) were studied in patients after a 2 g iv bolus injection. In patients with normal meninges (n = 14) the penetration was poor: the concentrations were less than 1 mg/l. In patients with meningitis (n = 5) levels of 18, 17, 16, 1 and 0.8 mg/l were found. Aqueous humour penetration was satisfactory, and a mean concentration of 11 +/- 4 mg/l corresponding to a penetration ratio of 19% was found. The penetration of ceftazidime into large pleural effusions was also good with concentrations from 17 +/- 3 to 28 +/- 2 mg/l, corresponding to a mean penetration ratio of 38%.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001768:Blister / Q000378:metabolism*; D002442:Ceftazidime; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008196:Lymph / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D002442:Ceftazidime