title: Osmotic response of individual cells during freezing. I. Experimental volume measurements.
abstract: The osmotic response of yeast to freezing was measured as a function of cooling rate and degree of extracellular supercooling. Thirteen experimental trials were conducted on a cryomicroscope in which incremental size changes of individual cells were recorded photographically, and the corresponding volume variations were measured using a digital computer image analysis algorithm. Plots were obtained of normalized cell volume as a function of temperature. Cellular dehydration during freezing was progressively inhibited with increasing values of cooling rate and extracellular supercooling. Normalized cell volume changes were not a function of the relative initial cell size. A constant volume plateau occurred for conditions under which intracellular ice formation was expected.
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D005615:Freezing; D009995:Osmosis; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013816:Thermodynamics