title: A comparison of intramuscular and sublingual buprenorphine, intramuscular morphine and placebo as premedication.
abstract: Buprenorphine premedication by two routes, 0.4 mg sublingual and 0.3 mg intramuscular was compared double-blind, double-dummy with intramuscular morphine 10 mg and placebo in 74 patients undergoing elective total hip replacement. Anxiety, depressive mood, sedation, vital signs and side-effects were measured before surgery. All patients then received a standardised general anaesthetic using a muscle relaxant and ventilation. The effects of the premedication on the anaesthetic were assessed by a scoring system. Intra- and postoperative blood gases, plasma cortisol and glucose were measured and the 1 hour postoperative pain intensity, side-effects and sedation were assessed. No differences between the premedications were seen on any of the pre-, intra- or postoperative measurements, suggesting that even with adequate measurement sensitivity it is difficult to distinguish opiate from placebo premedication.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009019:Morphinans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011897:Random Allocation; D014059:Tongue
chemical_list: D009019:Morphinans; D002047:Buprenorphine; D009020:Morphine