title: Synergistic effect of TPA and T-cell mitogens in nonmammalian vertebrates.
abstract: The phorbol ester, 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was used as a comitogen with the plant lectins phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA) in short-term cultures of whole blood from nonmammalian vertebrates. Stimulation with TPA in addition to standard mitogens resulted in a synergistic effect, consistently yielding more metaphases than cultures stimulated with either PHA, ConA, or TPA alone and is successful with blood samples as small as 0.1 ml. The increased mitotic index makes it possible to use different banding procedures for systematic studies. Also, because the amount of blood needed is so small, this procedure, unlike other published techniques, does not require the destruction of smaller animals to do chromosome studies.
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000187:drug effects*; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008677:Metaphase / Q000187:drug effects; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010704:Phorbols / Q000633:toxicity*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008934:Mitogens; D010704:Phorbols; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D003208:Concanavalin A; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate