title: Development of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics with special reference to third-generation cephalosporins.
abstract: The resistance mechanisms associated with changes in the outer membrane permeability and in beta-lactamase and penicillin-binding-protein production are reviewed. The prevalence of membrane permeability- and chromosome-mediated beta-lactamase-related resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, and of PBP-related resistance in Gram-positive bacteria, with respect to third-generation cephalosporins, is outlined. The frequency of overall resistance to these compounds in two Parisian hospitals during 1983 did not exceed 2% in Enterobacteriaceae but was close to 15% in Pseudomonas sp.
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006602:Hexosyltransferases; D002267:Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase / Q000378:metabolism; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins; D010458:Peptidyl Transferases; D011815:R Factors; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D002511:Cephalosporins; D046915:Penicillin-Binding Proteins; D010458:Peptidyl Transferases; D006602:Hexosyltransferases; D002267:Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase; D001618:beta-Lactamases