title: Insulin pumps and insulin quality--requirements and problems.
abstract: In developing insulin solution suitable for delivery devices the chemical and biological stability, as well as the physical stability, must be taken into consideration. Addition of certain mono- and disaccharides increases the physical stability of neutral insulin solutions, but concurrently the chemical and biological stability decrease to an unacceptable degree. Addition of Ca-ions in low concentrations offers a physiologically acceptable method for stabilizing neutral insulin solutions against heat precipitation without affecting the quality, including the chemical and biological stability.
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004355:Drug Stability; D007328:Insulin / Q000592:standards*; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin; D002118:Calcium