title: [Extracorporal fertilization of the human oocyte and transfer of the embryo: consideration of technics and ethics].
abstract: In vitro fertilization of human oocytes is successful only when several techniques are perfectly mastered. Accurate prediction of imminent ovulation by rapid radioimmunoassay of luteinizing hormone in the plasma, suitable hormonal treatment or ultrasonography, or a combination of these, leads to the recovery of mature oocytes. Factors such as suction strength and bore size of the aspiration needle may interfere with the recovery of follicular oocytes during endoscopy. Capacitation of the spermatozoa, the most critical part of the whole process, requires the presence of serum or serum albumin. Fertilization and embryonic development in vitro occur in well defined experimental conditions. However, in spite of all the precautions currently taken, the rate of success, in terms of pregnancies continued to term, is still much lower than that observed under natural conditions. Much better results will likely be obtained in the near future. The literature suggests that in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer do not have any harmful physical effects on the offspring. Moreover, the laws of biology suggest that in vitro fertilization of human oocytes does not raise any ethical problem with regard to the potential offspring. However, it is extremely difficult to identify ethical problems related to the influence of the technique of in vitro fertilization on the evolution of man and human society.
mesh_terms: D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000601:surgery; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes; D010061:Ovulation Detection; D012945:Social Values; D013075:Sperm Capacitation
vernacular_title: Fécondation extracorporelle d'oocytes humains et transfert d'embryons: quelques considérations techniques et éthiques.