title: The teratogenic risk.
abstract: Reproduction can be impaired in animals and man by drugs and various environmental agents. Depending on the time of exposure--from fertilization through the fetal period and eventually during lactation--the consequences can range from embryotoxicity, gross malformations and a large variety of more subtle morphological, biochemical, and functional abnormalities. The high susceptibility of the embryo to exogenous agents is due to cellular multiplication and differentiation and to the lack of development of the enzyme systems necessary for the detoxification of chemicals. At present, developmental impairments represent the main cause of perinatal mortality and postnatal morbidity. After a review of prenatal physiology and teratogenic principles, the action of selected drugs and environmental agents is analyzed. The potential danger of environmental factors during intrauterine development is of particular concern because of its irreversible nature.
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000633:toxicity; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000633:toxicity; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000633:toxicity; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D001463:Barbiturates / Q000633:toxicity; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000633:toxicity; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007099:Imipramine / Q000633:toxicity; D008238:Lysergic Acid Diethylamide / Q000633:toxicity; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000633:toxicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012306:Risk; D013045:Species Specificity; D013723:Teratogens; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000925:Anticoagulants; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001463:Barbiturates; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D010640:Phenothiazines; D013723:Teratogens; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000431:Ethanol; D008238:Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; D000661:Amphetamine; D007099:Imipramine