title: Activation of cycasin to a mutagen for Saccharomyces cerevisiae by rat intestinal flora.
abstract: Genetic test systems involving microorganisms and liver enzyme preparations may be insufficient to detect compounds that require breakdown by enzymes provided by the microbial flora of the intestinal tract. A method is described for providing such activation and for simultaneously testing the potential genetic activity of breakdown products in an indicator organism. Parabiotic chambers containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetic test organisms in one chamber were separated by a membrane filter from rat cecal organisms and test chemical contained in the other chamber. The genetic activities of cycasin breakdown products for mutation, gene conversion, and mitotic crossing-over in samples incubated aerobically are reported. Samples containing cycasin alone had a small but clearly increased frequency of genetic damage. Samples containing rat cecal organisms without cycasin showed no increase in genetic activity. Anaerobic incubation resulted in no increase in genetic activity in any of the samples.
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology*; D003434:Crossing Over, Genetic; D003492:Cycasin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005785:Gene Conversion; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D051381:Rats; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D003492:Cycasin