title: Engineering and instrumentation in the manufacture and patient delivery of drugs.
abstract: Instrumentation and engineering are changing both the manufacture and the delivery of drugs. Many new drugs such as insulin are being synthesized rather than derived from natural sources. And new improved methods of drug administration are being developed. A number of drug infusion devices have been developed, with some in clinical use. Currently being developed are totally implantable drug delivery systems; the next step is to achieve complete programmability. The history of the development of synthetic insulin and of insulin delivery systems is an example of the promise of the new biotechnologies and of work yet to be done to achieve this promise.
mesh_terms: D001698:Biomedical Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D004343:Drug Implants; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013242:Sterilization
chemical_list: D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D004343:Drug Implants; D007328:Insulin; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations