[Amniotic fluid circulation with special reference to hydramnios].
The undisturbed circulation of amniotic fluid is the result of an intact cooperation between three compartments: maternal organism, fetus and amniotic cavity. Impairment of one of these compartments can produce a pathological increase of amniotic fluid. This is possible by animal experiment through the way of producing a hypoproteinemia in the maternal organism, comparable with the situation of maternal EPH-gestosis. By increasing the intraamnial osmotic pressure after injection of hyperosmotic solution it is also possible to produce polyhydramnios in the animal experiment. This is corresponding to the clinical situation in maternal diabetes mellitus. In studies of pregnant rabbits, the analysis of ultrastructure of the amniotic epithelium showed some alterations which are compatible with secretory activity of the yolk-sac. The epithelium of the yolk-sac is comparable with the human chorion. The amniotic epithelium has only a function as a semipermeable membrane for the diffusion of amniotic fluid. Morphological examinations of the human placenta and the amniotic sac showed an increase of placental weight in cases of polyhydramnios. There was no increase, however, of the placental surface. Disturbances of circulation in the placental villi were not seen more frequently than in a control group. In cases of polyhydramnios there were more disturbances of villous maturation. The analysis of ultrastructure of the amniotic epithelium and the surface of the umbilical cord showed some possible ways for the increase of amniotic fluid volume.
D000650:Amnion / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002823:Chorion / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007019:Hypoproteinemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D006831:Polyhydramnios / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D011817:Rabbits; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000648:ultrastructure
Untersuchungen zur Frage des Fruchtwasserkreislaufs unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Hydramnions.