Pharmacological studies on ginger. I. Pharmacological actions of pungent constitutents, (6)-gingerol and (6)-shogaol.
General pharmacological studies were performed on (6)-gingerol and (6)-shogaol which are the pungent constituents of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Intravenous (i.v.) administration of (6)-gingerol (at 1.75-3.5 mg/kg) or (6)-shogaol (at 1.75-3.5 mg/kg) and oral administration of them (at 70-140 mg/kg) produced an inhibition of spontaneous motor activity, an antipyretic and analgesic effects, prolonged hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, and these effects of (6)-shogaol were mostly more intensive than that of (6)-gingerol. (6)-Shogaol showed an intense antitussive effect in comparison with dihydrocodeine phosphate. In the electro-encephalogram of cortex, the low amplitude fast wave pattern was observed for 5 min after i.v. administration of (6)-shogaol, and then changed to the drowsy pattern, which was restored after 60 min. In the gastro-intestinal system, (6)-shogaol intensively inhibited the traverse of charcoal meal through the intestine in contrast with (6)-gingerol after i.v. administration of 3.5 mg/kg, but (6)-shogaol facilitated such an intestinal function after oral administration of 35 mg/kg. Both (6)-shogaol and (6)-gingerol suppressed gastric contraction in situ, and the suppression by the former was more intensive than that by the latter. In the cardiovascular system, both (6)-shogaol and (6)-gingerol produced depressor response at lower doses on the blood pressure. At high doses, both drugs produced three phase pattern.
D000700:Analgesics; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D003212:Condiments / Q000032:analysis*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006591:Hexobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000187:drug effects; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000032:analysis*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects
D000700:Analgesics; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002396:Catechols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; C040115:shogaol; C007845:gingerol; D006591:Hexobarbital