title: A search for heterogeneity in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM): HLA and autoimmune studies in simplex, multiplex and multigenerational families.
abstract: HLA antigens (A, B, C and DR loci), serum islet cell antibodies, thyrogastric antibodies, and insulin antibodies were studied in 77 families (25 simplex, 42 multiplex, and 10 multigenerational). In order to test for intrafamilial constancy and intergroup variation, we compared simplex with multiplex families, HLA identical and non identical siblings within families, as well as groups of families characterized by different DR alleles (DR3, DR4, and DR3/DR4) for various immunologic and clinical characteristics. These comparisons did not reveal all the distinct subgroups suggested by different cross-sectional population studies, but did provide evidence for a compound form having an aggregation of different high risk alleles. This study suggests that in many cases (and possibly especially in families with multiple affected individuals), there are several different genetic influences leading to IDDM.
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D005838:Genotype; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007330:Insulin Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D044469:Racial Groups; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001323:Autoantibodies; D006680:HLA Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007328:Insulin; D007330:Insulin Antibodies; C024211:islet cell antibody