title: Influence of ethanol with and without chlorhexidine on the bacterial colonization of the umbilicus of newborn infants.
abstract: The effect of daily treatments with 70% ethanol and with 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol, respectively, on navel colonization in newborns has been studied in 624 infants in two maternity wards during a four-month period. Staphylococcus aureus, group B and G streptococci, E. coli and anaerobes were significantly less often isolated from newborns whose umbilical cord was treated with chlorhexidine in ethanol than from those treated with ethanol only. Staphylococcus epidermidis and enterococci, on the other hand, were significantly more often isolated from the chlorhexidine-ethanol than from the ethanol group. More infants without colonization of the umbilicus on their fourth day of life were found in the chlorhexidine in ethanol than in the ethanol group. The infants in the ethanol group were colonized with significantly more bacterial species than the infants in the other group. Signs of dissemination of group B and group G streptococci between babies were seen more often in the group of infants treated with ethanol than in the one treated with chlorhexidine-ethanol.
mesh_terms: D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014472:Umbilicus / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D000431:Ethanol; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine