title: Levamisole as adjuvant to chemotherapy of ovarian cancer. Results of a randomized trial and 4-year follow-up.
abstract: The results of a randomized trial, stratified according to age and stage of disease, in 140 patients with ovarian cancer are presented. The drug, levamisole, or a placebo was given as adjuvant to cytotoxic chemotherapy for 12 months after maximal surgical reduction of tumor. Because of severe side effects, levamisole treatment was discontinued in 8 of 69 patients (marked neutropenia in 5, severe skin rashes in 3). There were no significant differences in the survival curve and mean duration of survival between levamisole-treated and placebo-treated groups during the 4 years of follow-up, except for patients with Stage II disease. Among these latter patients, the survival rate became progressively much lower in the levamisole-treated group and the difference reached statistical significance after the second year of follow-up (P less than 0.01). In view of the inconclusive evidence that levamisole provides a beneficial effect (in fact, there is concern of a deleterious effect) and the serious side effects, the drug should not be used in patients with ovarian cancer.
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007978:Levamisole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008558:Melphalan / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D010919:Placebos; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D010919:Placebos; D007978:Levamisole; D008558:Melphalan