title: Methods in testing interrelationships between excretion of drugs via urine and bile.
abstract: The liver and kidney are largely responsible for inactivating and eliminating drugs and other chemicals. As the excretory capabilities of the two organs overlap, a damage of one system might be compensated by the other. Because of the specificity of both renal and hepatic elimination mechanisms such an alternative excretion route is not possible generally. Several interferences are possible to characterize the relation between hepatic and renal excretion of drugs and xenobiotics. Firstly, the simultaneous assay of excreted drug amounts in urine and bile can give some information concerning the main transport routes of this drug. Thereafter the total interruption of liver or kidney function elucidates the general possibility of alternative excretion routes. But it is important for clinical practice to distinguish between different localizations of organ damages. Today some experimental possibilities exist to exclude partial functions of both kidney and liver separately. Thus it can be clarified why a compound might be excreted via liver or kidney. Moreover it can be characterized whether or not a compensation for the loss of one main excretion organ is possible or not. Such investigations are of some practical importance. Dosing guidelines for drug therapy must be completed for cases of renal or hepatic failure. Moreover the developmental pattern of both elimination routes has consequences for drug use in paediatrics as well as geriatrics. Beside this point of view such investigations are necessary for the prediction of changes in the toxicity of drugs after renal or hepatic insufficiency.
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D001711:Biotransformation; D004285:Dogs; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009392:Nephrectomy; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D013045:Species Specificity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations