title: Hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia during xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in Thoroughbred horses.
abstract: Plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in Thoroughbreds administered xylazine hydrochloride (1.1 mg/kg; IV) and ketamine hydrochloride (2.2 mg/kg; IV) at dosages sufficient to induce short periods of recumbency and anesthesia were measured. Samples of blood were collected from 6 adult horses before, during, and after the anesthetic period. Plasma glucose (mg/dl) was significantly increased above control (-30 minute concentration) from 15 to 150 minutes after xylazine administration with the peak value occurring at 30 minutes. Serum insulin (microU/ml) was significantly decreased from control from 5 to 90 minutes after xylazine administration, with the nadir occurring at 15 minutes. The alterations in plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in xylazine-ketamine-anesthetized horses were similar to the changes in xylazine-sedated horses.
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006736:Horses; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D013843:Thiazines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014991:Xylazine / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002395:Catecholamines; D007328:Insulin; D013843:Thiazines; D014991:Xylazine; D007649:Ketamine