title: The evolution of modern endoscopic photography.
abstract: Most of the problems of endoscopic photography through rigid and flexible instruments have been overcome. Within the not-too-distant future, it should be possible to take good endoscopic photographs through a standard 4-mm telescope using 200-ASA film, light being provided by a high-powered external flash unit transmitting light to the telescope through a liquid-filled light guide. It may, however, be better to suggest a compromise in which operative procedures and urethral photography can be carried out through the 30 degrees, 4-mm diameter telescope, but bladder inspection and photography performed through a 5.5- or 6-mm telescope. The standard set would then become a 0 degrees and 30 degrees, 4-mm diameter telescope, and a 70 degrees larger instrument for bladder photography and inspection.
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D008029:Lighting; D010781:Photography / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000639:trends