title: Managing strabismus in endocrine eye disease.
abstract: In Graves' ophthalmopathy, now considered a separate autoimmune disorder, 15% of patients have a motility disorder. This is usually a restrictive strabismus, most often involving the inferior rectus muscle, and is diagnosed with the aid of forced duction testing, saccadic velocity measurement, binocular visual field testing and prism cover testing. Adjustable sutures may be used, depending on the intraoperative findings. The case presentations in this paper demonstrate the principles of diagnosis and treatment.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004948:Esotropia / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013536:Suture Techniques