title: Pre-type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes: common endocrinological course despite immunological and immunogenetic heterogeneity.
abstract: In an ongoing prospective study 32 individuals have been evaluated for insulin secretory dynamics, islet cell antibodies and HLA antigens, during the preclinical phase of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Twenty-four out of the 32 subjects were islet cell antibody-positive. To date, 14 subjects (10 islet cell antibody-positive, four islet cell antibody-negative) have progressed to develop overt diabetes. Several patterns of HLA-DR expression were noted (DR3/DR4, DR3/DR3, DR3/x, DR3/DR1, DR4/x, DR4/DR7, DR5/DR7, DR1/DR7 and DR1/DR2). Irrespective of differences in islet cell antibody status or HLA-DR alleles, pre-diabetic individuals exhibited a similar slow course of progressive beta-cell dysfunction.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies; D001323:Autoantibodies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D001323:Autoantibodies; D007328:Insulin; C024211:islet cell antibody