title: Integrated pharmacokinetic-dynamic modeling of drugs acting on the CNS.
abstract: This paper has attempted to review some of the possibilities we have today to describe the relationships between the kinetics of a drug and the pharmacodynamic responses. In the future we should place a great deal of effort not only on a detailed evaluation of drug absorption and disposition in the body but also on a much more careful characterization of the dose (concentration)-effect relationships. This should be done in vivo, in order to be able to evaluate the complex character of an observed pharmacological effect, and in a dose range as wide as possible. Although not discussed in the present communication, the possibility of active metabolites must always be considered.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011955:Receptors, Drug / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011955:Receptors, Drug; D009020:Morphine