title: Osteopenia in rheumatology practice: pathogenesis and therapy.
abstract: Postmenopausal osteoporosis has a multifactorial pathogenesis related to decreases in bone mass, calcium intake, and circulating estrogen levels. Therapy with supplemental calcium, estrogen, fluoride, anabolic steroids, and calcitonin is discussed. Corticosteroid-induced osteopenia is in part related to a decrease in intestinal calcium absorption and therapy with supplemental vitamin D and calcium may favorably alter the outcome. The osteopenia of rheumatoid arthritis appears to be a diffuse process, with increased metabolic bone activity at sites that are remote from the areas of active synovitis.
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005082:Physical Exertion; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D004967:Estrogens; D014807:Vitamin D; D002116:Calcitonin; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium