Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in normal and impaired renal function.
The concentration of ceftazidime in serum and urine was measured after 2 g i.v. in 10 healthy volunteers and 19 patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency. Elimination observed in normal volunteers can best be described by a two-compartment model. In renal insufficiency elimination of ceftazidime is markedly diminished, resulting in a larger area under the serum level curve (area under the curve; AUC). AUC and glomerular filtration rate (as well as AUC and plasma creatinine) can be brought into a mathematical relation. From these relations a dose reduction factor (DRF) can be derived. By means of this factor a dose can be calculated for each degree of renal impairment which causes the same AUC that would be anticipated in a subject with normal renal function. Dose recommendations in tabular form are presented. The urinary recovery decreases with impaired renal function; nevertheless therapeutical urine levels are observed down to dialysed patients.
D002442:Ceftazidime; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male
D002511:Cephalosporins; D002442:Ceftazidime; D003404:Creatinine