Effects of drugs and chemicals on the fetus and newborn (1).
Drug teratogenicity has been demonstrated experimentally for more than 30 years. After the discovery of the thalidomide-induced embryopathies, the fetal dangers of maternal drug ingestion were overemphasized. Accumulation of additional information during the past 15 years has led to a more balanced viewpoint concerning drug teratogenicity. A complex set of circumstances must prevail for a specific teratogenic effect to result. Not only the drug or environmental pollutant in question but also its dose, timing, and frequency of administration as well as the genetic and individual susceptibility of the embryo are important factors. Herein we review the currently available information on drug and environmental effects on the fetus and neonate.
D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D000818:Animals; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000009:adverse effects; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects; D004025:Dicyclomine; D004319:Doxylamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D004338:Drug Combinations / Q000009:adverse effects; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000009:adverse effects; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects; D014815:Vitamins / Q000009:adverse effects
D000932:Antiemetics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D014815:Vitamins; C004454:dicyclomine, doxylamine, pyridoxine drug combination; C020748:ferrous sulfate; D002110:Caffeine; D004025:Dicyclomine; D004319:Doxylamine; D011736:Pyridoxine