title: The artificial bladder: a historical review.
abstract: The search for the ideal surgical replacement for all or part of the urinary collecting system continues. A wide variety of biologic and nonbiologic substitutes have been tried. Even though much experience has been gained in this area, the use of artificial material remains at an experimental level and needs further development. This review presents the history, problems, and developments of the replacement of the urinary bladder by nonbiologic materials.
mesh_terms: D001187:Artificial Organs / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D014520:Urethane; D014521:Urethra; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D014520:Urethane; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene