Carcinogenicity and epidemiological profile analysis of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride.
The carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride (VC/PVC) is reviewed with specific attention to the gaps in knowledge for risk estimation and epidemiological presentation of the available data. Although experimental studies have demonstrated the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of VC/PVC in general, the epidemiologic studies available for review do not include an assessment of carcinogenic risk among humans exposed to these chemicals. This conclusion is based on the observation that the majority of cohort studies reviewed lacked sufficient statistical power because of small sample sizes. Further, in epidemiological studies, individuals were not followed over an adequate period of time during which cancer could become clinically manifest.
D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D009153:Mutagens; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000506:poisoning / Q000633:toxicity*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000633:toxicity*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013723:Teratogens; D014481:United States; D014752:Vinyl Chloride / Q000506:poisoning / Q000633:toxicity*; D014753:Vinyl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*
D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D009153:Mutagens; D011145:Polyvinyls; D013723:Teratogens; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D014752:Vinyl Chloride