title: Mutagenic activity at different stages of an industrial ammonia caramel process detected in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 following pre-incubation.
abstract: Mutagenic activity of a commercial ammonia caramel colouring was demonstrated in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 without metabolic activation. The activity in strain TA100 was increased using a 10-min pre-incubation, and a clear dose-response relationship was seen using this method. Investigation of samples taken from the different stages in the industrial process showed a constant level of mutagenic activity in samples from the middle to the end of the heating process with a steep increase in the sample taken after the end of heating. No mutagenic activity was seen in assays with S. typhimurium strains TA1535 and TA98.
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009153:Mutagens; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005505:Food Coloring Agents; D009153:Mutagens; D000641:Ammonia