The future of bacterial fish vaccines.
Despite over 40 years of effort, only three bacterial fish vaccines have reached commercial production. These are essentially formalin-inactivated preparations for the control of enteric redmouth, furunculosis and vibriosis. Generally, the approach to the development of fish vaccines has lacked the sophistication of human vaccines. This may reflect the overwhelming desire for inexpensive products and the incomplete knowledge concerning the biology of fish pathogens. It is suggested that future emphasis will need to be placed on modern methods of vaccine development, particularly genetic engineering techniques.
D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005398:Fisheries; D005399:Fishes
D001428:Bacterial Vaccines