[Acute ajmaline poisoning. Study of 7 cases].
Seven cases of acute ajmaline overdose admitted over a 3 year period to a polyvalent intensive care unit are reported. The severity of this condition is related to the membrane stabilising and depolarising effects of ajmaline on the myocardium. The dose ingested varied from 10 to 40 mg/kg. The delay between ingestion and hospital admission ranged from 3 to 6 1/2 hours. The first cardiac disturbances can appear one hour after ingestion. Three cardiac arrests and one hypovolemic shock occurred. Three atrioventricular blocks, six intraventricular blocks, three ventricular tachycardias, and six prolongations of the QT interval were observed. Serum ajmaline levels varied from 0,8 to 6 mg/l. Symptomatic therapy was mainly based on sodium, temporary cardiac pacing, external DC shock, sympathomimetics and external cardiac massage with assisted ventilation. Cardiac bypass should be a part of the therapeutic arsenal. Elimination of the drug is assisted by a complete digestive evacuation. Renal or extrarenal dialysis is not indicated. One of the seven patients died. Prophylaxis is based on the non-prescription of ajmaline for benign cardiac disturbances.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000404:Ajmaline / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate
D000404:Ajmaline
Intoxication aiguë par l'ajmaline. Etude de 7 observations.