Influence of detergent washing powders on minimal eliciting patch test concentrations of nickel and chromium.
Minimum eliciting levels of nickel have been estimated in 25 nickel-sensitive subjects, and of chromium in 14 chromium-sensitive subjects by patch tests with aqueous solutions of the respective metals. The minimum level of each metal required to provoke a patch test reaction was considerably greater than that found in fabric washing powder solutions and was in the majority of patients tested of the order of 112 ppm nickel (0.05% nickel sulphate) or 885 ppm hexavalent chromium (0.25% potassium dichromate). One nickel-sensitive subject and one chromium-sensitive subject reacted to 1 ppm of the respective metal. Fabric washing powder did not significantly alter the patch test reaction to nickel sulphate or provoke reactions in nickel- or chromium-sensitive subjects. EDTA significantly reduced the number and severity of patch test reactions to nickel sulphate but not those to potassium dichromate or trivalent chromium.
D002712:Chlorides; D002840:Chromates / Q000633:toxicity*; D002857:Chromium / Q000633:toxicity*; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003902:Detergents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004485:Eczema / Q000139:chemically induced; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity*; D010328:Patch Tests; D011192:Potassium Dichromate / Q000633:toxicity*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage
D002712:Chlorides; D002840:Chromates; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D003902:Detergents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D002857:Chromium; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; C029938:nickel sulfate; D009532:Nickel; D004492:Edetic Acid; C022990:chromic chloride; D011192:Potassium Dichromate