Sea urchin egg cortical granule exocytosis is followed by a burst of membrane retrieval via uptake into coated vesicles.
Using improved fixation procedures we have found that extensive endocytotic activity is turned on at fertilization in eggs of three species of sea urchins. Beginning after completion of cortical granule exocytosis and after exocytotic pits have completely smoothed over, the entire activated egg surface engages in a limited period of extensive removal of membrane via uptake into coated vesicles. This "burst phase" lasts about 3-5 min after which the number of invaginating coated vesicles decreases rapidly. At the end of this burst phase all the patches of cortical granule membranes have disappeared, and the egg surface is left uniformly covered by microvilli. For the remainder of the first cell cycle coated pits continue to form at a slower but steady rate. Endocytotic activity continues past the time of first cleavage. There is distinct overlap in onset and duration of the burst phase of endocytosis with the period of medium acidification during normal development. However, activation of eggs in choline sea water, which inhibits acid secretion, results in an endocytic burst whose timing and duration are similar to those in normal eggs. The endocytic burst is, therefore, independent of cytoplasmic alkalinization. These results suggest, in accord with the two-step model of egg activation (D. Epel, R. A. Steinhardt, and R. A. Humphreys, 1974; Dev. Biol. 40, 245-255; D. Epel, 1978, Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 12, 185-246) that initiation of endocytosis is most likely a Ca2+-dependent event.
D000818:Animals; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002794:Choline / Q000494:pharmacology; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005089:Exocytosis; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000502:physiology; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions
D000001:Calcimycin; D002794:Choline