Doppler sonography and B-scanning in renal surgery.
The combination of intraoperative localization of intrarenal arteries and stones by Doppler and B-scan sonography allows the performance of multiple radial avascular nephrotomies and makes renal stone surgery possible without clamping and cooling.
D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*