Evaluation of a new range of air drawover vaporizers. The 'PAC' series--laboratory and 'field' studies.
The 'Ether Pac' and 'Fluo Pac' temperature compensated vaporizers have been evaluated in the laboratory and the 'field'. Rigorous testing has demonstrated that these vaporizers are robust and reliable. Shaking, tilting and overturning do not significantly affect their performance. Both vaporizers deliver lower concentrations of the vapour than the setting on the vaporizers at low tidal volumes (100 ml). The 'Ether Pac' vaporizer output declines progressively with ambient temperatures below 23 degrees C and a similar result occurs with the 'Fluo Pac' at temperatures below 20 degrees C. Clinical trials in Nepal, Kenya, Burma and the UK have demonstrated that, when halothane is used, oxygen enrichment is necessary during spontaneous and controlled ventilation. When ether is used with controlled ventilation oxygen enrichment is probably not necessary even with ambient pressures as low as 619 mmHg.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000388:Air; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D012119:Respiration; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014835:Volatilization
D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen