title: Biochemical effects of long-term exposure to cadmium and copper on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): validation of water quality criteria.
abstract: Salmo gairdneri specimens were exposed for 4 months to 1-10 micrograms/liter of Cd and 30-100 micrograms/liter of Cu. At different times from the beginning of the experiment the activity of some metal-sensitive enzymes was assayed (blood catalase and carbonic anhydrase; liver aminolevulinate dehydrase and total leucylaminopeptidase ). Biochemical indices of mitochondrial (respiratory control ratio; O2 consumption) and lysosomal function (percentage free leucylaminopeptidase activity), gill sialic acid content, and mucus lysozyme concentration were also detected. Cu (at both the levels tested) and Cd (only at the highest concentration) cause a remarkable alteration in various biochemical/physiological parameters under study. Considerations about the water quality criteria levels proposed by EIFAC /FAO for the two metals are reported.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000097:blood; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D005880:Gills / Q000201:enzymology; D007931:Leucyl Aminopeptidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000201:enzymology; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000097:blood; D012487:Salmonidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000201:enzymology; D014337:Trout / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D012794:Sialic Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D003300:Copper; D002374:Catalase; D009113:Muramidase; D007931:Leucyl Aminopeptidase; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase