title: Clomiphene protects against osteoporosis in the mature ovariectomized rat.
abstract: Clomiphene citrate, a mixed estrogen agonist-antagonist, protects mature ovariectomized breeder rats from changes in total body calcium and from deterioration of femur structure. Over 6 months, mature ovariectomized rats took up calcium at the rate of 0.7 +/- 0.5 mg/day, while normal controls gained 2.5 +/- 0.7 mg/day (mean +/- SEM) as measured by whole body neutron activation analysis. Injections of clomiphene (20 mg/kg/week) kept ovariectomized rats in positive calcium balance at 2.0 +/- 0.5 mg/day. Reductions in total femur calcium content, cortical thickness, and visible trabeculae of femurs in ovariectomized animals were prevented by chronic clomiphene administration. These results in animals suggest a possible new line of investigation of the use of antiestrogenic drugs as therapeutic agents for hormone-dependent osteoporosis in animals and humans.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002369:Castration; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D002996:Clomiphene; D002118:Calcium