Effects of oral contraceptives on lipoprotein lipids: a prospective study.
One hundred sixty-nine healthy women, aged 17 to 29 years, nonsmokers or light smokers (fewer than ten cigarettes per day), were assigned randomly to take one of five oral contraceptives: 1) 100 micrograms mestranol plus 0.5 mg ethynodiol diacetate (100 M + 0.5 ED); 2) 100 micrograms mestranol plus 1.0 mg ethynodiol diacetate (100 M + 1.0 ED); 3) 50 micrograms ethinyl estradiol plus 1.0 mg ethynodiol diacetate (50 EE + 1.0 ED); 4) 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol plus 2.0 mg ethynodiol diacetate (30 EE + 2.0 ED); or 5) 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol plus 0.15 mg levonorgestrel (30 EE + 0.15 NG). One hundred forty-seven women completed the study. When assessed for within-group differences, all preparation caused a statistically significant increase in total triglyceride (from 17.0 to 46.4 mg/dL), total cholesterol (from 6.3 to 24.4 mg/dL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (from 7.0 to 10.3 mg/dL). Effects on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol varied widely. The product 100 M + 0.5 ED markedly increased (9.9 mg/dL) HDL cholesterol. Neither 100 M + 1.0 ED nor 50 EE + 1.0 ED altered HDL cholesterol levels, whereas both preparations containing 30 micrograms estrogen showed decreases: the preparation containing 2.0 mg ethynodiol diacetate lowered HDL cholesterol by 3.6 mg/dL and that containing 0.15 mg levonorgestrel lowered it by 6.9 mg/dL. Specific between-group comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences between differing amounts of estrogen (50 EE + 1.0 ED versus 100 M + 1.0 ED).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000494:pharmacology; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005040:Ethynodiol Diacetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008656:Mestranol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000494:pharmacology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D009644:Norgestrel; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D005040:Ethynodiol Diacetate; D002784:Cholesterol; D008656:Mestranol