1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: a novel immunoregulatory hormone.
The hormonal form of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], at picomolar concentrations, inhibited the growth-promoting lymphokine interleukin-2, which is produced by human T lymphocytes activated in vitro by the mitogen phytohemagglutinin. Other metabolites of vitamin D3 were less effective than 1,25(OH)2D3 in suppressing interleukin-2; their order of potency corresponded to their respective affinity for the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor, suggesting that the effect on interleukin-2 was mediated by this specific receptor. The proliferation of mitogen-activated lymphocytes was also inhibited by 1,25(OH)2D3. This effect of the hormone became more pronounced at later stages of the culture. These findings demonstrate that 1,25(OH)2D3 is an immunoregulatory hormone.
D000818:Animals; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2
D007376:Interleukin-2; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D002117:Calcitriol