title: Acute renal failure following massive mannitol infusion. Appropriate response of tubuloglomerular feedback?
abstract: Two patients suffered reversible acute oligoanuric renal failure following massive mannitol infusion (400 to 900 g/day) given as treatment for intracranial hypertension. We believe this to be a previously unreported complication. Both patients had normal renal function before therapy. Serum creatinine level rose to 7.4 mg/dL (654 mumole/L) in patient 1 and to 2.7 mg/dL (238 mumole/L) in patient 2. Measured and calculated serum osmolality were 362 and 301 mOsm/kg, respectively, in patient 1 and 333 and 220 mOsm/kg, respectively, in patient 2. Other causes of renal failure were excluded. We postulate that the mannitol-induced increase in solute delivery to the macula densa may have triggered an intense tubuloglomerular feedback response resulting in a marked fall in glomerular filtration rate. Alternatively, mannitol infusion may have caused tubular cell swelling with luminal obstruction.
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005246:Feedback; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D008353:Mannitol