title: Metabolism of [14C]carbon tetrachloride to exhaled, excreted and bound metabolites. Dose-response, time-course and pharmacokinetics.
abstract: Fasted male rats were given six doses of 14CCl4 ranging from non-hepatotoxic (0.1 mmole/kg) to severely hepatotoxic (26 mmoles/kg). Time-course and pharmacokinetics of CCl4, 14CO2 and CHCl3 elimination by exhalation were monitored by measuring amounts recovered in breath during discrete 15-min intervals for 8-12 hr. Amounts of 14C-labeled metabolite recovered bound to liver macromolecules at 24 hr and excreted in urine or feces for 24 hr were also determined. Comparison pharmacokinetic studies were done with 14CHCl3 and Na(2)14CO3. After all doses of 14CCl4, the major metabolite was CO2, twenty to thirty times less metabolite was recovered bound to liver macromolecules, and intermediate amounts of metabolite were excreted in urine and feces. CHCl3 was the least abundant metabolite at low CCl4 doses, but the second most abundant at high doses. Stronger associations were found between the magnitude of liver injury at 24 hr (quantitated as serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activity) and the extent or rate of CCl4 metabolism by pathways leading to CO2 and CHCl3 than by pathways leading to 14C-metabolites bound in liver or excreted in urine. Time-course and pharmacokinetic data indicated that a major pathway of CCl4 metabolism leading to CO2 became impaired within 2 hr after administration of hepatotoxic doses of CCl4.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D002254:Carbonates / Q000378:metabolism; D002725:Chloroform / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000032:analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002254:Carbonates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C005686:sodium carbonate; D002725:Chloroform; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride