title: Freud's Irma dream and the origins of psychoanalysis.
abstract: This paper investigates Freud's Irma dream as a response, in part, to the publication of Studies on Hysteria (Breuer & Freud, 1893-1895). As such, Freud's dream and associations reveal a great deal regarding the origins of psychoanalysis. The preamble to the dream reflects Freud's concern with the ground rules and boundaries of the psychotherapeutic technique that he was in the process of developing. This paper cites evidence for Freud's concerns regarding the consequences of alterations in these basic tenets. The Irma dream and Freud's associations also convey a deep and apparently unconscious concern within Freud in respect to the concept of transference, which he may have realized on some level had been used to defensively deny disturbing inputs by the therapist into the treatment situation and patient. The dream may be understood also as reflecting a deep sense of concern regarding unrecognized harmful effects of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and Freud's concern that the treatment process might be more destructive than helpful. The curative aspects of psychotherapy are viewed in terms of action-discharge rather than insight. In all, this reanalysis of the Irma dream focuses on Freud's unconscious conflicts, fantasies, and anxieties at a time when he, along with Breuer, presented a burgeoning psychoanalytic treatment modality to the professional world.
mesh_terms: D001317:Austria; D002399:Catharsis; D004325:Dreams; D005619:Freudian Theory; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D007046:Hysteria / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011572:Psychoanalysis / Q000266:history*; D011573:Psychoanalytic Interpretation; D011575:Psychoanalytic Therapy; D014167:Transference, Psychology; D014473:Unconscious, Psychology