title: Ambulatory long-term vasodilator therapy for chronic refractory heart failure: hemodynamic evaluation and clinical response.
abstract: We evaluated long-term combined vasodilator therapy (hydralazine or ecarazine + isosorbide dinitrate) in 29 patients with chronic congestive heart failure resistant to the optimal conventional therapy. There were 24 men and 5 women, aged 28 to 76 years (mean 52 y/o). The etiology of heart failure was congestive cardiomyopathy in 24 patients, ischemic cardiomyopathy in 4 patients and advanced mitral regurgitation due to calcified mitral annulus in 1 patient. There were 21 patients in NYHA class III and 8 patients in NYHA class IV. All patients continued their previous therapeutic regimen during the period of this study. Hemodynamic measurements were performed with a triple lumen flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter in 20 patients to evaluate the effects of vasodilator therapy. In the rest of 9 patients, heart rate, blood pressure, chest X-ray examination for heart size (CTR) and M-mode echocardiograms for ejection fraction (EF) were monitored. The hemodynamic responses to the combined vasodilator therapy in 20 patients showed significant decreases in afterload and preload concomitant with an increase in cardiac output. The noninvasive evaluation of combined vasodilator therapy in 9 patients resulted in significant improvement in CTR and EF. We also noted a significant improvement in their symptoms of 29 patients. Side effects and drug toxicity were uncommon during vasodilator therapy. It is concluded that the combined vasodilator therapy is most useful adjunctive therapy in the management of severe refractory heart failure. Moreover, long-term nonparenteral vasodilators can be administered even at outpatient clinic without hemodynamic monitoring.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006830:Hydralazine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D014032:Todralazine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006834:Hydrazines; D006830:Hydralazine; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate; D014032:Todralazine