Effect of the calmodulin inhibitor R24571 (calmidazolium) on rat embryos cultured in vitro.
The possible effects of inhibition of the calcium-binding protein, calmodulin, on mammalian morphogenesis have been investigated by culturing rat embryos in vitro from 9 1/2 to 11 1/2 days of development in the presence of R24571 (calmidazolium), a specific inhibitor of calmodulin. Embryos cultured in 10(-2) mM R24571 for 48 h show inhibited development and exhibit a range of morphogenetic abnormalities including assymetry and neural tube defects. Embryos exposed to R24571 for the first 24 h of a 48 h culture are more severely affected than embryos exposed to R24571 for the last 24 h.
D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D000818:Animals; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000139:chemically induced; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013997:Time Factors
D002147:Calmodulin; D007093:Imidazoles; C031938:calmidazolium