[Immuno-allergic side effects induced by the administration of carbamazepine. Case contribution].
Carbamazepine is one of the drugs most widely prescribed for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and psychomotor seizures. Coincidentally with its use, hypersensitivity reactions to this agent have ben reported with increasing frequency. This report documents our recent encounter with 2 patients who developed hepatitis within one month of beginning carbamazepine therapy for temporal-lobe epilepsy. The occurrence of fever, skin rash and arthralgias suggest immunologic hypersensitivity as does eosinophilia and raised level of IgE, as seen in our patients. After withdrawal of the drug, symptoms and signs disappeared rapidly. We also describe a patient with psychomotor seizures who had ingested carbamazepine for less than 2 months before presenting with a febrile illness characterized by rash, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, epatosplenomegaly and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia. The reaction cleared on cessation of the drug. Besides showing antinuclear antibody without DNA-precipitating antibody, this patient had an increased helper-T-cell count as well as a decreased number of T lymphocytes with suppressor activity. Taken together, these observations make it reasonable to speculate that carbamazepine may have interfered with lymphocyte triggering, thereby favouring the emergence of B cells with autoimmune propensities.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011657:Pulmonary Eosinophilia / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology
D002220:Carbamazepine
Effetti collaterali immunoallergici indotti dalla somministrazione di carbamazepina. Contributo casistico.