Shock trauma.
Trauma - accidental or intentional injury - is a major health and social problem. It is still the chief cause of death in people between the ages of 1 and 38 years. In the United States, the mortality due to trauma between the ages of 15 and 24 years increased by 13% from 1960 to 1978. During the same period, the mortality for people aged 25 to 64 years declined by 16%. Murders have increased from 8464 in 1960, to 26 000 in 1982. The overall death rate of American teenagers and young adults is 50% higher than that of their counterparts in Britain, Sweden and Japan. Trauma affects young, productive citizens, and the estimated costs for death, disability and loss of productivity exceed $230 million a day. The most tragic statistic is that at least 40% of the deaths are needless and preventable if better treatment and prevention programs were available. Trauma deaths that might be prevented are those due to motor vehicle accidents, homicide, burns, and alcohol and drug abuse. In this paper suggestions for prevention are made. They include improved crash worthiness of motor vehicles, revocation of drunk drivers' licences, use of devices that limit drunk drivers, increased tax on alcohol and random breathalyser tests, and the use of seat belts and motorcycle helmets. Control of hand-guns and burn characteristics of cigarettes could also reduce deaths. The problems and issues in trauma care can be divided into two broad categories: system and professional. System problems include prehospital care, in-hospital care, rehabilitation and prevention. Professional problems include education, research, economics, and quality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000517:prevention & control; D001944:Breath Tests; D002056:Burns / Q000517:prevention & control; D005676:Gravity Suits; D006708:Homicide / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007878:Legislation as Topic; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure; D012622:Seat Belts; D012774:Shock, Traumatic / Q000628:therapy; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D014193:Trauma Centers; D014481:United States; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control