title: Clustering of the upper urothelial tumours in a family.
abstract: In a Balkan nephropathy endemic area, 5 siblings developed haematuria over a period of 10 years. 4 of them were operated on and pathohystological examination revealed papillary transitional cell tumours of the renal pelvis and/or ureters. Both these tumours and the Balkan nephropathy affected only 1 generation of the family members. This fact, as well as the other relevant evidence, indicated that environmental factors played an important role in the process of carcinogenesis.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001449:Balkan Nephropathy / Q000235:genetics*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D015022:Yugoslavia