[CT findings and surgical treatment of atlanto-axial rotatory fixation: a case report].
A case of atlanto-axial rotatory fixation (AARF) was presented in a 19-year-old female who developed sudden onset of neck pain and limitation of neck movement after direct carotid angiography for seizure disorder. Neurological examination was negative except for cock-robin posture and mild hypesthesia and hypalgesia in left C2 distribution. Plain films of the cervical spine disclosed abnormal alignment of C1-C2 and possible rotational dislocation. Bilateral selective vertebral angiography showed marked anterior and posterior displacement of left and right vertebral artery, respectively, at the level of C1. On CT metrizamide myelography, there was clockwise rotation of C1 on C2 with locked facet on the left but no evidence of cord compression was found. With diagnosis of AARF, manual reduction under general anesthesia and with fluoroscopic control was first attempted without success. Therefore, the patient underwent open reduction by using high speed air-drill and posterior fusion of C1 to C3 with acryl and wire. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient went back to work as a computer operator in three months. The etiology of AARF was described by many authors, but in our case, congenital hypogenesis of transverse and alar ligaments plus minor trauma was most suggested. For neurological manifestations of AARF, occipital neuralgia, headache, neck pain, limitation of neck movement and cock-robin posture were reported, but the cock-robin posture was most characteristic and was an important symptom for the early diagnosis. In neuroradiological findings of AARF, plain CT and CT metrizamide myelography are very useful. Because they clearly demonstrate the degree of rotation and interlocking of atlanto-axial joints, and the presence of cord compression.
D000328:Adult; D001268:Atlanto-Axial Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D009192:Myelography; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed