title: Foreign bodies of the upper gastrointestinal tract: current management.
abstract: The popularity of the flexible esophagogastroduodenoscope prompted us to reevaluate our management of foreign bodies. In this paper we report our experience and update treatment guidelines. In our series (from December 1975 to May 1982), 74 foreign bodies were removed: 12 with the rigid endoscope, 60 with the flexible endoscope, and two surgically. There was no morbidity or mortality. In the age group 1 to 10 years, there were 15 patients, while the age group 11 to 88 years had 59 patients. Although the rigid endoscope is less expensive and has a larger operating channel, the advantages of the flexible instrument are numerous. Foreign bodies of the pharynx and at the level of the cricopharyngeus muscle are best managed with a rigid endoscope; foreign bodies of the esophagus can be managed with rigid or flexible instruments, but are more easily managed with the latter. Foreign bodies of the stomach and duodenum that require removal can be managed only with the flexible panendoscope.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004064:Digestive System; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000628:therapy*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010614:Pharynx; D011292:Premedication