title: Psychological aspects of essential blepharospasm.
abstract: Evaluation of 20 essential blepharospasm patients by using structured interview and psychological testing (MMPI, Rorschach) revealed characteristic pathological personality patterns in all cases. Recent losses or life change, marital conflict, and specific precipitating events were common. Test findings indicated unexpressed hostility, denial, and repression in a majority of women. Three of five men showed evidence of depression. This initial systematic investigation of psychological factors in blepharospasm supports the hypothesis that neurological and psychogenic factors may interact etiologically. The data suggest that personality, recent stress, and precipitating events warrant both clinical assessment and controlled research to determine the specificity and prevalence of these findings.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008016:Life Change Events; D008950:MMPI; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage; D008875:Middle Aged; D011599:Psychopathology; D012392:Rorschach Test; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications