title: Role of aluminum hydroxide in raising serum aluminum levels in children undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: Serum aluminum concentrations were measured in 16 children undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis after 7.9 +/- 2.1 (mean +/- SE) and 16.6 +/- 2.3 months of therapy, when the estimated simultaneous oral Al intake from Al hydroxide gels was 98 +/- 20 and 104 +/- 32 mg/kg/day, respectively. Serum Al concentrations were 55.2 +/- 11.4 and 59.8 +/- 10.4 micrograms/L, respectively, compared to 8.2 +/- 1.1 micrograms/L in normal children (P less than 0.001). Serum Al levels correlated with oral Al intake (r = 0.86, P less than 0.001) and inversely with body weight (r = -0.68, P less than 0.01) and age (r = -0.67, P less than 0.01). The youngest patient with the highest serum Al concentrations (208 and 174 micrograms/L) and greatest Al intake (310 and 192 mg/kg/day) had bone biopsy features characteristic of aluminum-related bone disease. Thus, higher aluminum intake per kilogram body weight given to young children is likely to raise the serum Al levels and increase the risk of osteomalacia. Aluminum-containing antacids should be used with caution in infants and young children with renal failure.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000535:Aluminum / Q000097:blood*; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010018:Osteomalacia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D000535:Aluminum