title: Permanent cardiac pacing in congenital heart disease: a follow-up study of 20 patients.
abstract: Sinus nodal dysfunction (SND) and complete heart block (CHB) in congenital heart disease (CHD) are commonly associated with congestive heart failure, syncopal attacks, and sudden death. Permanent cardiac pacing (PCP) is required to avoid these manifestations which are frequently associated with a high rate of complications, particularly in the younger age group. Twenty patients with CHD aged 4 months to 46 years underwent pacemaker implantation. Twelve (60%) were less than 20 years of age. CHB was present in 15 patients: in 10 it developed 1 week to 11 years following surgery, in two it was congenital, and in three patients it developed spontaneously with previous conduction disturbances. SND was present in 5 patients: it was congenital in two patients and developed post-operatively in three. Seventeen patients are alive and no syncopal attacks or bradyarrhythmias were recorded 2.5 to 12.5 years following the initiation of PCP. Improvement in the cardiac output was noted in most patients with heart failure. The three patients who died had adequately functioning pacemakers. Only nine re-implantations were needed, seven of them in adult patients after closure of an atrial septal defect. Our experience indicates a favourable outcome for patients with CHD needing PCP.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors