title: Renal tolerance and pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in rats.
abstract: The nephrotoxicity, as measured by urinary cell and enzyme excretion, of vancomycin was studied in rats. The lowest daily iv dose inducing significantly increased cell elimination was 25 mg/kg. Im administration caused less effects probably due to incomplete absorption from the im injection site, since im dosages of 100 mg/kg daily led to lower renal tissue concentrations than the same doses given iv. Nephrotoxicity of vancomycin increased when combined with tobramycin and was reduced when combined with D-glucaro-1.5-lactam, a beta-glucuronidase inhibitor. Vancomycin accumulated in renal tissue during repeated administration.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014640:Vancomycin; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase; D014031:Tobramycin