title: Nasal drug delivery system of a quaternary ammonium compound: clofilium tosylate.
abstract: The blood levels of the [14C]clofilium ion in rats after various routes of administration of clofilium tosylate were compared. The results indicate that the blood levels after nasal administration were not statistically different from levels after intravenous administration (p greater than 0.05). Administration by the oral route resulted in considerably lower blood levels. Nasal administration of clofilium tosylate appeared to be superior to oral administration. Histological examinations of nasal mucosa were conducted. At the lower concentration, mild necrosis was observed, and large areas of mucosa were unaffected. However, necrosis of large areas of mucosa occurred after exposure to the higher concentration. Levels of radioactivity in heart, liver, lung, and kidney tissue, as a function of time, were also studied. Unlike the blood levels after nasal administration, the levels of radioactivity were persistent in heart tissue. The data suggest that the [14C]clofilium ion and/or metabolite concentrate in the heart and that blood levels of radioactivity may not be an accurate index of cardiac levels or biological response.
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C022799:clofilium