title: Heparin monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: Three procedures have been compared for monitoring heparin in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: (1) activated clotting time (ACT) (2) protamine titration, and (3) fluorometric substrate assay. The ACT monitors the degree of anticoagulation. It is easy to perform and is relatively inexpensive, however, it does not correlate well with heparin levels and may not accurately predict the protamine dose for neutralization of heparin at the completion of bypass. A protamine titration assay or an assay using a thrombin-sensitive fluorometric substrate measures the heparin level and calculates the protamine requirement at the completion of surgery; however, these assays do not indicate the degree of anticoagulation. The fluorometric assay is the less expensive of the two assay measuring heparin, but it requires an experienced technologist to perform the test.
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005470:Fluorometry / Q000379:methods; D006493:Heparin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D011479:Protamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014914:Whole Blood Coagulation Time
chemical_list: D011479:Protamines; D006493:Heparin