title: Retinoic acid enhances the displacement of newly synthesized hyaluronate from cell layer to culture medium during early phases of chondrogenesis.
abstract: Chondrogenic differentiation in mouse limb bud mesenchymal cells cultured at high density was suppressed by supplementation of the medium with retinoic acid (1 microgram/ml or 3.3 X 10(-6) M). Since in control medium overt chondrogenesis begins on day 3, retinoic acid was introduced on day 2 so that the relationship between initial biosynthetic changes and inhibition of chondrogenesis could be studied. During the first 24 h of exposure the treated cells remained viable but suffered 10% inhibition in growth and synthesized [3H]glucosamine-labeled glycosaminoglycan at a level 24% below untreated cells. The amount of labeled hyaluronic acid released into the culture medium by the treated cells was, however, 2-fold greater, on a per cell basis, than that in the untreated cultures. It is suggested that the displacement of hyaluronate may play a role in the disruption of mesenchymal cell differentiation and of limb morphogenesis as observed in other systems.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D014212:Tretinoin; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D004247:DNA