title: Seasonal changes in pasture populations of infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in eastern Nigeria.
abstract: The seasonal changes in the populations of trichostrongylid infective larvae (L3) on herbage and in soil samples collected from pastures grazed by beef cattle were studied at Nsukka, eastern Nigeria, from April 1980 to July 1981. Large numbers of L3 were recovered from all samples collected during the rainy season (April to October). The rainy season herbage infestation was characterised by three clearly defined peaks. The first, which followed an 'early rains' (April) rise, occurred in the second half of May while the larger second and third peaks occurred in late July and October respectively. It is suggested that each of these peaks represented a distinct wave of infestation by a separate generation consisting of the three trichostrongylids concerned, namely Cooperia, Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus species. Although there was a sharp fall in pasture infestation following the onset of the dry season, appreciable numbers of L3 were still present on herbage in early December. The implications of these findings have been discussed in relation to the choice of effective strategic anthelmintic programmes for the prophylaxis and control of bovine parasitic gastroenteritis in the Nsukka area.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000469:parasitology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D007814:Larva; D008297:Male; D009348:Nematoda / Q000254:growth & development; D009549:Nigeria; D006109:Poaceae / Q000469:parasitology*; D011891:Rain; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil; D013045:Species Specificity; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D012987:Soil