title: A new system of infiltration anesthesia and sedation for plastic surgery.
abstract: This technique produces patient cooperation during the phase of local anesthetic injection by judicious use of intravenous ketamine. The addition of diazepam and a narcotic drug to low-dose ketamine may account for a low incidence of hallucinations and psychic sensations. The use of a dilute solution of lidocaine and a very low concentration of epinephrine allows large areas to be anesthetized. The ultralow concentration of epinephrine provides effective vasoconstriction. The result is good patient acceptance, a stable blood pressure and heart rate, and a low incidence of complications classically associated with local anesthetic toxicity.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000379:methods*; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000209:etiology; D011674:Pulse; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013518:Surgery, Plastic
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; D004837:Epinephrine