title: Retrograde brushing and nephroscopy in the diagnosis of upper-tract urothelial cancer.
abstract: Very selected cases of upper-tract urothelial cancer benefit from diagnostic evaluation with retrograde brush biopsy and with operative nephroscopy. The selection of cases, techniques, results, and complications are presented.
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology