title: Calcium supplementation during cardiopulmonary bypass in paediatric surgery.
abstract: This paper reports on the monitoring of plasma ionized calcium (Ca++) levels in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for open-heart surgery. The pump was primed with blood treated with either heparin or citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD). In certain cases calcium supplementation was used. In all cases a sudden drop in Ca++ levels took place at the start of CPB, followed by a slow recovery. In the patients who received heparinized blood the drop was slight (14%) and recovery fast (10 minutes), but in those who received CPD the drop was excessive (58%) and recovery was still incomplete after 1 hour despite supplementation with 0,5 g calcium gluconate per unit of whole blood. Different supplementation regimens were tried and the optimum was achieved by using 1 g calcium gluconate per unit of whole blood. This limited the drop in the Ca++ level to 42%, and recovery to prebypass levels took place within 45 minutes.
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D002125:Calcium Gluconate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005942:Gluconates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002951:Citrates; D005942:Gluconates; C007077:citrate phosphate dextrose; D006493:Heparin; D005947:Glucose; D002125:Calcium Gluconate; D002118:Calcium