title: Panic attack syndrome.
abstract: Panic attack syndrome in four generations of a family and in six additional pediatric patients is reported. The syndrome appears to have an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Diagnosis of panic attack syndrome in children has not been reported previously, but the existence of this disorder has been noted for at least 100 years under various synonyms. There is substantial evidence that the syndrome has an endogenous origin and is therefore a biochemical illness. The triggering effect of sodium lactate infusion and the alleviation of symptoms by use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors or beta-blocking agents support this view. Imipramine hydrochloride, propranolol hydrochloride, phenelzine sulfate, and alprazolam are often useful in the treatment of panic attacks, and except for propranolol, any of them may be effective against depression also.
mesh_terms: D000525:Alprazolam; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D005239:Fear; D006801:Humans; D006985:Hyperventilation; D007099:Imipramine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010200:Panic; D010624:Phenelzine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011433:Propranolol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D011433:Propranolol; D010624:Phenelzine; D007099:Imipramine; D000525:Alprazolam