title: Rectal diazepam compared to intramuscular pethidine/promethazine/chlorpromazine with regard to gastric contents in paediatric anaesthesia.
abstract: Sixty children, aged 1-12 years, were investigated with regard to gastric pH and volume before general anaesthesia. Thirty children (group D) received diazepam 0.75 mg/kg b.w. rectally 1 h before anaesthesia. Thirty children (group L) received a "lytic cocktail" (pethidine 28 mg, promethazine 7 mg, chlorpromazine 7 mg per ml) 0.05 ml/kg b.w. intramuscularly 1 h before anaesthesia. The pH values were significantly higher and the amount of gastric juice was significantly lower in group L compared to group D. The number of children in group L with gastric juice volume exceeding 0.4 ml/kg and the number of children with pH less than 2.5 was significantly smaller compared to group D. The number of children with both gastric pH less than 2.5 and gastric juice volume greater than 0.4 ml/kg was significantly smaller in the group receiving "lytic cocktail" intramuscularly compared to the group receiving diazepam rectally. Bile-stained gastric contents was not related to the gastric pH.
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008614:Meperidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000517:prevention & control; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011398:Promethazine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012007:Rectum
chemical_list: D008614:Meperidine; D011398:Promethazine; D003975:Diazepam; D002746:Chlorpromazine