title: Opiate withdrawal: the result of conditioning or physiological mechanisms?
abstract: Although it has been suggested that opiate withdrawal responses might be conditioned compensatory responses elicited by drug-associated stimuli, the present results do not support such a view. Withdrawal, as measured by an aversion to a saccharin solution following the termination of morphine administration, occurred independent of the presence of morphine-paired environmental or temporal cues. These results suggest that withdrawal is most likely the result of some physiological mechanism, rather than the result of conditioning.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009021:Morphine Dependence / Q000523:psychology; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D051381:Rats; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors