title: Effects of pre-anaesthetic glycopyrrolate and cimetidine on gastric fluid acidity and volume in children.
abstract: The effects of pre-anaesthetic glycopyrrolate and cimetidine on gastric fluid pH and volume were studied in 96 paediatric patients from ages 6 months to 12 years undergoing elective surgery. They were randomly allocated into six groups with 16 patients in each group. Patients in group I received neither glycopyrrolate nor cimetidine and served as controls. Group II patients received glycopyrrolate, 5 micrograms kg-1 intramuscularly in a.m. Patients in group III received cimetidine 5 mg kg-1 orally in a.m. Group IV patients received cimetidine 5 5 mg kg-1 orally in a.m. and glycopyrrolate 5 micrograms kg-1 in a.m. Patients in group V received cimetidine 5 mg kg-1 orally h.s. and a.m. Group VI patients received cimetidine as in group V and also received glycopyrrolate as in group II. Patients with gastric pH 2.5 or less and volume of gastric contents 0.4 ml kg-1 or greater were defined to be at risk of pulmonary damage if aspiration should occur. The patients in the control group had a mean gastric pH of 1.91 +/- 0.074 and mean gastric volumes of 0.52 +/- 0.06 ml kg-1. Ninety-four per cent of patients in this group had gastric pH less than or equal to 2.5 and 69% of patients had gastric volumes greater than or equal to 0.4 ml kg-1. Glycopyrrolate (group II) reduced patients with pH less than or equal to 2.5 to 50% and volumes greater than or equal to 0.4 ml kg-1 to 44%. Cimetidine markedly reduced both gastric acidity (gastric pH less than or equal to 2.5 in 0-13% of patients in groups III-VI) and gastric volume (greater than or equal to 0.4 ml kg-1 in 19-38% of patients in groups III-VI). Only a maximum of 13% of the patients presented with combination of both risk factors in groups III-VI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002927:Cimetidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000187:drug effects*; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000517:prevention & control; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D011759:Pyrrolidines; D002927:Cimetidine; D006024:Glycopyrrolate