title: Results of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass for intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis: review of 105 cases.
abstract: Extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass was performed for intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis in 105 patients who had ischemic symptoms 1 to 3 months before operation. The degree of stenosis, measured angiographically, was 60 to 98%. The postoperative bypass patency rate, determined angiographically or by Doppler examination, was 97%. The surgical mortality rate was 1%, and the permanent surgical morbidity rate was 2%. During a mean follow-up period of 54 months, 22 patients died; 10 deaths were caused by cardiac disease and 3 were related to stroke, 2 of which were ipsilateral to the bypass. One patient was lost to follow-up. Seventy-three of the 82 survivors (89%) had no further transient ischemic attacks or stroke after operation. Seven patients had a late stroke: 5 were ipsilateral, 1 was contralateral, and 1 was vertebrobasilar. Three of these strokes were fatal. The overall late death rate was 4% per year, and the late death rate from neurological causes was 0.6% per year. The late stroke rate was 1.5% per year, and the rate of ipsilateral late stroke in patients who had a patent bypass was 0.6% per year. We conclude that extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass for symptomatic intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis is a reasonably safe and technically satisfactory procedure that has a potential for improving outcome, compared with the natural history of the disease.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000601:surgery; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000601:surgery; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality