title: Three-dimensional kinematics of ankle instability following serial sectioning of lateral collateral ligaments.
abstract: Triaxial kinematics of ankle instability were studied in vitro by applying an inversion force to seven nonaxially loaded cadaveric ankle-foot specimens. In intact specimens, mean maximal adduction of the tibia with respect to the calcaneus was 38 degrees and mean maximal external rotation was 24 degrees; maximal displacement occurred near full plantar flexion. Increases after release of ligaments were as follows: calcaneofibular, maximal adduction 10%, external rotation 3% near 15 degrees of plantar flexion; anterior talofibular, adduction 30%, external rotation 8% at 30 degrees of plantar flexion; both, adduction 41%, external rotation 65% near 0 degree of flexion; all three lateral collateral, adduction 42%, external rotation 240% in slight dorsiflexion. Regardless of the status of the lateral collateral ligaments, the talus adducted and externally rotated 18 degrees +/- 1 degree with respect to the calcaneus. Hence, collateral ligament release had no effect on subtalar motion.
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000601:surgery*; D009068:Movement; D012399:Rotation; D013628:Talus / Q000502:physiology; D013977:Tibia / Q000502:physiology