title: Stone composition and metabolic study in urinary calculous disease.
abstract: A series of 178 urinary stones is analysed qualitatively during a three year period from 1980 to 1982. The majority (96%) of stones orginate from the upper tract. Calcium oxalate stones are the commonest entity seen in the western countries but less than 20% of such stones occur locally. A large proportion consists of mixed stones and one third are infective as triple phosphate is present. 20% contain urate as a constituent whereas relatively pure urate stones constitute 4%. The true incidence of pure urate stones is higher (about 10%) as we have been dissolving them with alkalinisation of urine without surgery. Idiopathic hypercalciura occurs in 11.8% and none has persistent hypercalcaemia. Hyperuricosuria which is commoner, occurs in 24% of patients. It is important to identify this group as it results in the formation of metabolically active stones, and they can be treated with allopurinol to prevent recurrence of stones.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000378:metabolism; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D012008:Recurrence; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; C485828:alpha-tricalcium phosphate; C024788:ammonium phosphate; C485830:tetracalcium phosphate; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid; C030781:magnesium phosphate; C485838:calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous; C020243:calcium phosphate; D008274:Magnesium; C485829:calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous; D002118:Calcium