title: Formation of nitrosamines in non-ionic and anionic emulsions in the presence and absence of inhibitors.
abstract: Nitrosation of water-soluble (diethanolamine) and oil-soluble (dodecylmethylamine and dicyclohexylamine) amines in the absence and presence of inhibitors in model anionic and non-ionic emulsions was studied. Nitrosation of diethanolamine occurred at similar rates in non-ionic and anionic emulsions. Surprisingly, dodecylmethylamine and dicyclohexylamine were readily nitrosated in non-ionic emulsions, but not in anionic emulsions. Sodium bisulfite and ascorbyl palmitate were effective inhibitors, but the activity of ascorbic acid was lower. Considerably less effective were potassium sorbate, alpha-tocopherol and butylated hydroxyanisole. The results of this study will help formulators of emulsion products to minimize N-nitrosamine contamination.
mesh_terms: D003514:Cyclohexylamines; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D004655:Emulsions; D004983:Ethanolamines; D007477:Ions; D008744:Methylamines; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000032:analysis / Q000138:chemical synthesis*
chemical_list: D003514:Cyclohexylamines; D004655:Emulsions; D004983:Ethanolamines; D007477:Ions; D008744:Methylamines; D009602:Nitrosamines; C011769:dicyclohexylamine; C014129:N-nitrosodiethanolamine; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; C009914:N-nitrosomethyldodecylamine; C045276:N-methyldodecylamine; C045277:N-nitrosodicyclohexylamine; C020283:diethanolamine