title: The predictive value of batteries of short-term tests for carcinogens.
abstract: Carcinogenesis is a multistage process in which many factors may affect the outcome. No single short-term test, measuring a single endpoint, can predict chemically induced carcinogenesis with infallibility. Therefore it is necessary to use a battery of tests when screening new compounds. Ideally, tests to be used in this way should be validated rigorously. Test batteries should not be used in isolation but should be complemented by information from studies of metabolism, pharmacokinetics, etc. Such an approach is proving valuable for the detection of carcinogens already present in the environment and for screening new chemicals for latent hazards.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D008954:Models, Biological; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D014116:Toxicology / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D009153:Mutagens; D004247:DNA