title: Motility, expression of surface antigen, and X and Y human sperm separation in in vitro fertilization medium.
abstract: The influence of surrounding medium on human sperm swimming behavior has been characterized. In modified Ham's F-10 serum-supplemented in vitro fertilization medium, the straight-track swimming pattern of sperm in semen changed rapidly into circular tracks, and a new surface antigen was detected soon after this change. The circular tracks alternated between clockwise and counterclockwise directional movements. Addition of 17 beta-estradiol in a concentration range found in follicular fluid increased the frequency of clockwise movement twofold, suggesting that a steep concentration gradient created by an aduterine flow during ovulation, is likely to direct sperm migration up the gradient in the ipsilateral oviduct. Separation of X and Y sperm raised the possibility that a female carrier of an X-linked disease might choose to have a daughter, instead of taking the chance of having an affected son.
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis*; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012729:Sex Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000145:classification* / Q000276:immunology; D014960:X Chromosome; D014998:Y Chromosome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D004958:Estradiol