title: Gangliosides minimize behavioral deficits and enhance structural repair after brain injury.
abstract: Injections of GM1-gangliosides (30 mg/kg, i.p.) in adult rats were shown to reduce behavioral deficits after brain lesions. This was observed (1) after bilateral electrolytic lesions of the caudate nucleus in a learning task involving negative reinforcement; (2) following aspiration lesions of the mediofrontal cortex in a learning task involving positive reinforcement; and (3) when rotational behavior was assessed after amphetamine or apomorphine injections in animals with partial hemitransections of the nigro-striato-nigral fibers. A detailed anatomical analysis of the latter study, using a retrograde tract-tracing dye wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP), provided evidence for ganglioside-stimulated, neuronal reorganization of connections to the caudate nucleus. Our findings support the notion that gangliosides reduce behavioral deficits following brain injury by preventing secondary neuronal degeneration and/or enhancing structural reorganization of remaining afferents, rather than by influencing denervation supersensitivity.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000293:injuries; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000293:injuries; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000293:injuries; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000293:injuries; D051381:Rats; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000293:injuries
chemical_list: D005732:Gangliosides; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside