title: A glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene on the short arm of the human X chromosomes defines a multigene family.
abstract: A human X chromosome-derived gene sequence which recognises an abundant, 1.2-kb mRNA in several cell types was previously isolated during a study to identify expressed sequences from an X chromosome recombinant library. Further characterisation of this clone, acronym OA1, has shown that it maps to the short arm of the X, at Xp21 to Xp22. A 777-bp fragment of the clone which hybridizes to the 1.2-kb mRNA has been sequenced, and the inferred amino acid sequence shows 80% homology with the published protein sequence for human muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The fragment shows even higher homology (87%) with pig muscle GAPDH. The OA1 clone selects an mRNA which translates in vitro into a polypeptide of 36 K, the subunit size of GAPDH. However, the X-sequence is most probably a pseudogene whose structure is consistent with it having arisen by reverse transcription of a GAPDH or GAPDH-related mRNA followed by insertion into the X chromosome. The GAPDH-related portion of OA1 hybridizes to several DNA fragments in human and mouse DNA, and six fibroblast cDNA clones which cross-hybridize to OA1 identify the same genomic fragments as OA1. This series of clones identifies a new, conserved GAPDH-related multigene family.
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005796:Genes; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics*; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases