Brain myelination in the offspring of ethanol-treated rats: in utero versus lactational exposure by crossfostering offspring of control, pairfed and ethanol treated dams.
Pregnant Long-Evans rats were received on day 5 of gestation and divided into 4 treatment groups: (1) 27% calories provided as ethanol in a liquid diet; (2) pairfed i.e., isocaloric liquid diet restricted to match group (1); (3) liquid diet provided ad libitum; and (4) laboratory chow and water provided ad libitum. Litters were culled to 8 pups at birth and crossfostered across dams in all 4 groups to provide offspring falling into 16 different experimental groups, including some exposed to ethanol in utero only and some exposed only during lactation. At birth, blood alcohol levels of dams, culled pups and alcohol levels in the stomach contents of culled pups were measured. All pups were weaned and fed laboratory chow and water ad libitum from 21 days onward. At ages 16, 21, 30 and 52 days, pups were sacrificed, and organ/body weight ratios and brain myelin concentrations were determined. Ethanol treated dams had longer gestational periods. The offspring of ethanol treated dams which were crossfostered to pairfed and well nourished dams during lactation had delayed eye opening, persistent lag in body growth and slightly lower brain myelin concentrations. Offspring of dams which were either pairfed or well nourished during gestation, but crossfostered during lactation to ethanol treated dams, had abnormal organ weights, abnormal brain weights and severely depressed brain myelin concentrations persisting through 52 days of age. Thus, lactational ethanol effects on brain myelin were more severe than gestational effects; body growth was affected more severely by gestational exposure, and gestational effects were generally less severe with adequate nutrition.
D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications*; D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation; D008892:Milk / Q000032:analysis; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats
D000431:Ethanol