title: Urinary dopamine in physical and mental effort.
abstract: Dopamine in urine was investigated during three levels of physical stress (at 35%, 50%, and 75% VO2 max.) and three kinds of mental stress (delayed auditory feedback, vigilance task and arithmetic task). A statistically significant increase in excretion of dopamine was found in response to physical exercise and the delayed auditory feedback test. The response patterns (ratios noradrenaline/dopamine and adrenaline/dopamine) after physical and mental stress differed. The data presented support the possibility of using dopamine excretion and the above ratios to differentiate between mental and physical effort.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004298:Dopamine / Q000652:urine*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000652:urine; D005082:Physical Exertion; D013315:Stress, Psychological
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine