title: Potentiation of physical dependence by conjugation at the 6-position of nalorphine.
abstract: The experiments concerned the effects of glucuronate or sulfate conjugation at the 6-position of nalorphine on the analgesic and antagonistic activities and also on the development of tolerance and physical dependence. Nalorphine-3-and 6-sulfate ester were synthesized for the first time. The analgesic effect of nalorphine-6-sulfate and -glucuronide was higher than that of nalorphine when assessed in the acetic acid writhing test. However, these 6-conjugates exhibited less potent agonistic activity in the test with guinea-pig ileum muscle strip and revealed no analgesic effect in the tail pinch test. The antagonistic activity of these 6-conjugates to morphine analgesia was lower on their s.c. injection, but higher on i.c.v. injection than that of nalorphine. The development of tolerance to the analgesia caused by nalorphine was not affected by the 6-modifications. Frequent withdrawal signs were seen in mice treated chronically with anlorphine-6-conjugates by challenging with naloxone while mice treated with nalorphine showed no such signs. This potent enhancing effect of 6-conjugation on the development of physical dependence was suggested to be also the case with morphine. These changes of potency due to conjugation were interpreted as due to the altered interaction with multiple opioid receptors.
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000378:metabolism; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009020:Morphine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects; D009269:Nalorphine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010423:Pentazocine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D005965:Glucuronates; D013431:Sulfates; D009020:Morphine; D010423:Pentazocine; D009269:Nalorphine