Computer simulation of metabolism in palmitate-perfused rat heart. I. Palmitate oxidation.
A computer model of the fatty acid oxidation pathway in perfused rat heart was constructed. It includes uptake, activation, and beta-oxidation of fatty acids, triglyceride synthesis and hydrolysis, and carnitine-dependent transport of acyl groups across the mitochondrial membrane under pseudosteady state conditions. Fatty acid utilization may be limited by beta-oxidation in hypoxia or ischemia but probably not in aerobic conditions. Nonesterified fatty acids bound to proteins are found to be metabolically available. The model predicts that stearate, but not palmitate, can support the highest observed respiration rate for perfused rat heart without supplementation by other substrates. Fatty acids are preferentially oxidized rather than being stored as triglycerides because the cystosolic acyl CoA level is lower than the Km for triglyceride synthesis. It is suggested that feedback inhibition of triglyceride lipase regulates utilization of triglycerides as fuel in aerobic hearts.
D015094:3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D002332:Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases / Q000378:metabolism; D015256:Coenzyme A-Transferases; D003201:Computers; D004746:Enoyl-CoA Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010168:Palmitates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010169:Palmitic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D013466:Sulfurtransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D000098859:Long-Chain-Fatty-Acid-CoA Ligase
D005227:Fatty Acids; D010168:Palmitates; D010169:Palmitic Acids; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015094:3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D002332:Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase; D013466:Sulfurtransferases; D015256:Coenzyme A-Transferases; C021460:3-ketoacid CoA-transferase; D008049:Lipase; D004746:Enoyl-CoA Hydratase; D003066:Coenzyme A Ligases; C090799:FAA2 protein, S cerevisiae; D000098859:Long-Chain-Fatty-Acid-CoA Ligase