title: Exceptional pharmacokinetics of trivalent chromium during occupational exposure to chromium lignosulfonate dust.
abstract: The excretion of chromium in the urine of workers exposed to chromium lignosulfonate was studied. The chromium in the dust was in the trivalent (III) oxidation state, and 30% of the particles were less than 5 micron in diameter. Chromium (III) lignosulfonate dust was rapidly absorbed, and a peak of urinary excretion was seen immediately after exposure. No appreciable accumulation of chromium occurred over 3 d, as evaluated by comparison with preshift urinary chromium concentrations. The addition of ethylenediaminetetra-acetate to the urine of exposed persons greatly enhanced the capacity of chromium to traverse a dialysis membrane; the same effect was seen with chromium (III) chloride. It is concluded that chromium (III) lignosulfonate yields chromium (III), which acts pharmacokinetically like water-soluble hexavalent chromium compounds.
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine*; D004391:Dust; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008031:Lignin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D002857:Chromium; C001545:lignosulfuric acid; D008031:Lignin