Clinical aspects of tricyclic antidepressant poisoning.
Self-poisoning with antidepressant drugs was studied retrospectively in 225 patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Amitriptyline accounted for the overwhelming majority of cases (70%); 106 patients (47%) had taken two or more drugs, in 81 patients (36%) ethanol was found in the blood. Four patients (2%) died. On admission, 111 patients (49%) were unconscious (grade III). A further 30 patients (13%) were in grade IV coma, and of these 27 had taken amitriptyline. Twenty-four hours after admission, 22 patients (10%) remained in coma. Thirty-six patients (16%) required assisted ventilation. Nineteen patients (8%) had convulsions and 6 (3%) aspired stomach contents. Sixty-one patients (27%) had a widened QRS interval exceeding 100 msec, 18 (30%) of them required assisted ventilation, 21 (34%) were in stage IV coma and 15 (25%) had convulsions. This relationship between a widened QRS interval and the severity of intoxication should be considered in the initial assessment of patients with tricyclic antidepressant poisoning.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000506:poisoning; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000506:poisoning*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000506:poisoning; D003128:Coma / Q000139:chemically induced; D004562:Electrocardiography; D000431:Ethanol; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000139:chemically induced
D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000639:Amitriptyline; D000431:Ethanol