title: Enterococci from Bangkok, Thailand, with high-level resistance to currently available aminoglycosides.
abstract: Enterococcal endocarditis is usually treated with a combination of a penicillin and an aminoglycoside. Recent reports have documented the emergence of enterococci in France with high-level resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, and kanamycin and the emergence of strains in Houston, Tex. with high-level resistance to all of these drugs and streptomycin. In this study, we examined strains from a geographic area where newer aminoglycosides have been less commonly used. Of 125 distinct patient isolates, 18 (14%) were resistant to greater than 2,000 micrograms of gentamicin and most other aminoglycosides per ml. Four of these strains transferred gentamicin resistance to a laboratory recipient. One strain, chosen for further study, was resistant to synergism between penicillin and gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and amikacin and demonstrated the following enzymatic activities: 3'- and 2"-aminoglycoside phosphotransferases, 6'-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, and adenylylation of streptomycin. Optimal therapy for endocarditis caused by such highly resistant strains is currently unknown.
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents