title: Calcium inhibits the heparin-catalyzed antithrombin III/thrombin reaction by decreasing the apparent binding affinity of heparin for thrombin.
abstract: The present study has shown that calcium inhibits the heparin-catalyzed antithrombin III/thrombin reaction. The initial rate of thrombin (4.0 nM) inhibition by antithrombin III (200 nM) in the presence of heparin (2.5 ng/ml) decreased from 3.6 nM/min (in the absence of calcium) to 0.12 nM/min in the presence of 10 mM calcium. In the absence of heparin, the initial rate of thrombin inhibition by antithrombin III was not affected by calcium. The heparin-catalyzed antithrombin III/thrombin reaction is described by the general rate equation for a random-order, bireactant, enzyme-catalyzed reaction (M. J. Griffith (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 13899-13902). As such, the reaction is saturable with respect to both thrombin and antithrombin III. The apparent kinetic parameters for the heparin-catalyzed antithrombin III/thrombin reaction were determined in the presence and absence of calcium. The apparent heparin/antithrombin III dissociation constant values were not measurably different in the presence of 0, 1.0, and 3.0 mM calcium. The apparent heparin/thrombin dissociation constant value increased from 7.0 nM, in the absence of calcium, to 10 and 30 nM in the presence of 1.0 and 3.0 mM calcium, respectively. The maximum reaction velocity, at saturation with respect to both proteins, was not affected by calcium. It is concluded that calcium binds to functional groups within the heparin molecule which are required for thrombin binding.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008433:Mathematics; D011485:Protein Binding; D013552:Swine; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D000990:Antithrombin III; D006493:Heparin; D013917:Thrombin; D002118:Calcium