title: The influence of sex, race and dialect on peptic ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia in Singapore.
abstract: A consecutive series of 2,277 patients presenting for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was analysed. The following groups of patients were studied with reference to sex, race and dialect groups: those presenting with dyspepsia but no haemorrhage, those presenting with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage, those with non-ulcer dyspepsia, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. Males out-numbered females in all diagnostic groups. Male and female Malays were under-represented in all diagnostic groups when compared to the Singapore population. Amongst female Chinese, there was an excess of Cantonese patients and an under-representation of Teochew patients in most diagnostic groups. These dialect differences were not remarkable amongst male Chinese. The possible reasons for these differences and their significance are discussed.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008296:Malaysia / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012846:Singapore; D044465:White People