title: Subcutaneous administration of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine by automatic jet injection.
abstract: To assess the feasibility of jet injection for mass immunization against hepatitis B virus, inactivated, alum-adsorbed hepatitis B vaccine (Merck, Sharp, and Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, PA) was administered subcutaneously by automatic jet injection to 19 volunteers lacking antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). Three 20-microgram doses were given at 0, 1, and 6 months. Of 19 volunteers, 5 (26%) developed anti-HBs by 1 month after the first injection, and 15 of 19 (79%) were anti-HBs-positive 6 to 8 weeks after the first booster administration. Following the second booster, 16 of 19 (84%) recipients had detectable anti-HBs. Possible systemic reactions were limited to low-grade fever (37.8 degrees C) in one volunteer following one injection, and mild lethargy in a second recipient. Local reactions to jet injection of vaccine occurred more frequently, with indurated, nodular lesions 3-10 mm in diameter developing at the site of 19 of 57 (33%) vaccine injections, compared with 2 of 57 (3%) saline placebo injections. Such nodules were generally painless. Sore arms were noted in 11 of 57 (19%) vaccine injections. With the exception of frequent but minor local reactions, subcutaneous administration of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine by automatic jet injection is safe, and results in vaccine immunogenicity approximating that associated with intramuscular needle injection.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007277:Injections, Jet; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D014765:Viral Vaccines