Dual effect of glia maturation factor on astrocytes. Differentiation and release of interleukin-1 like factors.
C6 glioma cells, and primary cultures of mouse astrocytes, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release an interleukin-1 like factor (IL-1) which enhances lectin-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation and promotes the release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by ConA-stimulated thymocytes. In the present study, the glia maturation factor (GMF) was found not only to induce differentiation of glioblasts, but also to elicit the secretion of IL-1 like factors by cultured mouse astrocytes and their precursor cells. GMF was also effective in triggering IL-1 release by macrophages. Contamination of the 23 000 MW GMF preparation with LPS was excluded by the Limulus lysate assay and by using C3H/HeJ LPS-nonresponder mice whose glia and macrophages responded to GMF but not to LPS, by IL-1 release. Through its ability to induce glial differentiation and IL-1 release, GMF may represent an important endogenous signal, triggering both reactive gliosis and the development of an immune response within the central nervous system.
D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D020904:Glia Maturation Factor; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
D020904:Glia Maturation Factor; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins