title: Nuclear magnetic resonance contrast enhancement study of the gastrointestinal tract of rats and a human volunteer using nontoxic oral iron solutions.
abstract: Two dilute oral iron solutions, made from commonly available nonprescription dietary supplements, were found to enhance the gastrointestinal tract in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of live rats and one human volunteer. The paramagnetic and pharmacologic properties of ferric ammonium citrate were more favorable than those of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. The paramagnetic iron solutions shorten T1 and T2 relaxation times of water protons in the contrast media-filled gastrointestinal tract, producing easily observable change in NMR intensity. Because these iron solutions are available commercially and are known to be well tolerated, the clinical use of iron-containing NMR contrast agents for the gastrointestinal tract is feasible.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D004064:Digestive System / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014054:Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014867:Water; C020748:ferrous sulfate; D007501:Iron; C013531:ferric ammonium citrate