Relationship of the vestibular hair cells to magnetic particles in the otolith of the guitarfish sacculus.
Magnetite particles were systematically localized within the otolithic mass as a conspicuous curved band in the most ventral region of the guitarfish sacculus. The magnetite band overlaid two separated segments of neuroepithelium in the macula, a long segment oriented parallel to the longitudinal body axis, and a short segment oriented in a transverse plane. The exogenous magnetite particles differed from the endogenous otoconia both in their capacity of orienting to magnetic fields, and their difference in mass due to the higher atomic weight of iron. In addition to the normal gravistatic function of the sacculus, two additional receptor functions are hypothesized based upon the differences between the endogenous and exogenous otoconia. A geomagnetic field could induce magnetite displacements detectable by the hair cells for purposes of geomagnetic orientation. Alternatively, the greater atomic weights of magnetite, relative to that of otoconia, could result in gravitational and linear acceleration, which differed in different regions of the macula.
D000818:Animals; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000378:metabolism; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D005399:Fishes / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D010037:Otolithic Membrane / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010087:Oxides; D012444:Saccule and Utricle / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
D010087:Oxides; D007501:Iron; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide