title: Intraoperative localization of renal calculi.
abstract: Various techniques are available for the intraoperative localization of renal calculi. Newer fiberoptic systems have improved nephroscopy. Intraoperative x-rays employing mammography film can identify radiopaque renal calculi 1 to 2 mm in diameter. Coupled with intraoperative x-rays, ultrasonography allows rapid, essentially three-dimensional localization of both radiopaque and radiolucent stones. A recent technique of intraoperative pneumopyelography may also serve as an adjunct to intraoperative radiography.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014567:Urography