title: Seasonal and circadian changes of testosterone levels in the peripheral blood plasma of stallions and their relation to semen quality.
abstract: Three stallions were bled each hour for 25 h at 28-day intervals throughout 1 year. Testosterone levels were pulsatile. Pulse frequency and pulse amplitude were higher in the summer months than at other times (P less than 0.01). The number of testosterone pulses also varied throughout the day, with the greatest frequency occurring in the afternoon (14.00-17.00 h) and at night (22.00-01.00 h). Mean testosterone levels were highest in the summer (P less than 0.01) but showed a secondary, smaller increase in the autumn. Semen characteristics were assessed from measurements of 222 stallions. Semen volume was greatest in the summer (P less than 0.01) but both the concentration (P less than 0.01) and the total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate (P less than 0.05) were highest in the autumn. These results show that the highest testosterone concentrations in peripheral plasma are not necessarily associated temporally with optimum semen quality.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012621:Seasons; D012661:Semen / Q000502:physiology*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone