title: Animal welfare and the dairy industry.
abstract: Although the dairy cow plays an integral role in the ecology of sound food production, its welfare, as well as economic efficiencies and soundness of food production under modern industrial-scale systems of management, are questioned. Major areas of welfare concern are identified and reforms and ethical guidelines suggested.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D004989:Ethics; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D014730:Veterinary Medicine