title: Structure-activity relationship in heparin: a synthetic pentasaccharide with high affinity for antithrombin III and eliciting high anti-factor Xa activity.
abstract: The structures of the tetrasaccharide (beta-D-glucuronic acid)1 leads to 4 (N-sulfate-3,6-di-0-sulfate-alpha-D-glucosamine)1 leads to 4(2-0-sulfate-alpha-L-iduronic acid)1 leads to 4(N-sulfate-6-0-sulfate-D-glucosamine) and of the pentasaccharide (N-sulfate-6-0-sulfate-alpha-D-glucosamine)1 leads to 4(beta-D-glucuronic acid)1 leads to 4(N-sulfate-3,6-di-0-sulfate-alpha-D-glucosamine)1 leads to 4(2-0-sulfate-alpha-L-iduronic acid)1 leads to 4(N-sulfate-6-0-sulfate-D-glucosamine), both prepared for the first time, by chemical synthesis from D-glucose and D-glucosamine, have been confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance. The synthetic tetrasaccharide neither binds to AT-III nor induces anti-factor Xa activity enhancement of this inhibitor. In contrast, the synthetic pentasaccharide strongly binds to AT-III (Ka: 7.10(6)M-1) forming an equimolar complex and also enhances the AT-III inhibitory activity towards factor Xa. These results confirm that the synthetic pentasaccharide with the above structure corresponds to the actual minimal sequence required in heparin for binding to AT-III.
mesh_terms: D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism*; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D005170:Factor X / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015951:Factor Xa; D006493:Heparin / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000990:Antithrombin III; D005170:Factor X; D006493:Heparin; D015951:Factor Xa