title: Restricted energy intake and elevated calcium and phosphorus intake for boars during growth. II. Foot and leg measurements and toe and soundness scores.
abstract: Boars were assigned at 5 wk of age in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement to two energy (ad libitum and 75% of ad libitum) and two Ca and P levels (100 and 150% of the National Research Council daily recommended amounts) to determine the effect of reduced growth rate and elevated Ca and P intake on foot and leg measurements, pad and horn incidence and severity of lesions, and structural soundness. There were 20 boars/treatment; 15 boars from each treatment were necropsied at 10 +/- 2-d intervals from 80 to 220 d of age (45 to 185 d on test), with the remaining five boars in each treatment being necropsied at 220 d of age. Feet and leg measurements were taken and toe pads and horns were scored initially and after 78 and 131 d on when necropsied. Boars remaining after 130 d on test were scored for overall structural soundness. Toe size and circumference and length of limbs increased as boars grew, with larger values for ad libitum-fed compared with limit-fed boars when observed at a constant age. However, when these values were corrected for body weight, the effect of energy was generally removed and, in some cases, reversed. Limit-fed boars appeared to have fewer pad and horn lesions, but the effects were inconsistent. In general, Ca and P levels had little or no effect on toe and limb sizes and pad and horn lesion scores, whether or not the values were expressed on a constant age or corrected body weight basis. A comparison of inside and outside toes on the front and hind feet revealed that outside toes were larger than inside toes, with the magnitude of the difference much larger for the hind foot than for the front foot. The hind inside toes had fewer pad and horn lesions. Structural soundness scores were more desirable in ad libitum-fed compared with limit-fed boars; but, elevated Ca and P levels had no effect. Thus, these data do not support a hypothesis that structural soundness can be improved by reducing the growth rate of developing boars or by feeding an elevated level of Ca and P.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001699:Biometry; D001835:Body Weight; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014034:Toes / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D010758:Phosphorus