title: Binocularity in comitant strabismus: II. Objective evaluation with visual evoked responses.
abstract: Campos (1982a) reported on his psychophysical studies on the binocularity of patients with comitant strabismus. With binocular visual field techniques, it was possible to show that patients with small-angle eso- and exotropia exhibit a binocular vision, without suppression of the deviated eye. In the present paper visual electrophysiology is used objectively these findings and to provide more insight in the problem. First, the studies on binocularity in normals and strabismics, done by using visual evoked responses (VER) are reviewed. This type of investigation is relatively new and the results of the literature are still conflicting. Then personal results of the authors are reported. It is shown that with VER it is possible to objectively assess the presence of anomalous binocular vision (ABV) sustained by anomalous retinal correspondence (ARC) in small-angle strabismus. In patients with large angle deviations this type of binocularity is absent. A correlation between psychophysical and electrophysiological data is provided. Lastly a simple method is described for differentiating the binocularity of normals from that of Strabismics with ARC. This method is based on the recording of binocular VER with the anteposition in front of the fixing eye of neutral filters of increasing density.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D005099:Exotropia / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011601:Psychophysics; D013285:Strabismus / Q000503:physiopathology*