title: Carotid and cerebral angiography in the horse.
abstract: Carotid and cerebral angiography has been found to be a relatively simple technique to carry out in the horse. At most it involves a cutdown approach to the carotid artery, followed by catheterisation of the artery and selective catheterisation, if necessary, of one of its three branches. The technique can be carried out with standard equipment normally available within equine hospital facilities. The authors have employed angiography as a routine aid to diagnosis over the past nine years, without encountering any serious complications or adverse reactions. Carotid angiography has been especially valuable in the investigation of horses with guttural pouch mycosis. The technique has permitted the presence of aneurysms to be detected in many cases and significant vascular abnormalities in four cases. This information is valuable for the surgical treatment of horses with guttural pouch mycosis by ligation of the appropriate artery. Other indications for the use of carotid angiography include the investigation of ethmoidal haematoma, idiopathic Horner's syndrome, neoplasia of the head, venous aneurysms and arterial aneurysms in sites not associated with the guttural pouch. There are fewer occasions for the use of cerebral angiography in the horse, but it is indicated as an aid to the differential diagnosis of some abnormalities of the central nervous system.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000662:veterinary*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D008438:Maxillary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010527:Perissodactyla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013699:Temporal Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging