title: Gas chromatographic study of the urinary codeine-to-morphine ratios in controlled codeine consumption and in mass screening for opiate drugs.
abstract: The urinary codeine-to-morphine ratios in fifteen volunteers administered codeine tablets at intervals were studied by gas chromatography (GC) and compared with one month's GC results for enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT)-screened urine specimens in a mass-screening programme for abuse of opiate drugs, particularly heroin. It appears that when M less than 2 and C/M greater than 0 or when M greater than 2 and C/M greater than 0.5, where C and M are codeine and morphine concentrations in micrograms per 10 ml of urine, codeine consumption has to be presumed.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003061:Codeine / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D009020:Morphine / Q000652:urine*; D009294:Narcotics; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000652:urine; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D013607:Tablets; D009020:Morphine; D003061:Codeine