Surgical approaches to renal and ureteral calculi.
Surgery for the removal of renal or ureteral calculi can be made easier by the selection of the best surgical incision. After a discussion of preoperative considerations, the author describes the advantages and disadvantages of the surgical exposures for the removal of these stones.
D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D013523:Surgical Equipment; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*