title: Surveillance for typhoid fever in Matsuyama city during 1974-1981 and detection of Salmonella typhi in sewage and river waters.
abstract: Eighty-two cases of typhoid fever were found in Matsuyama city in the period from 1974 to 1981. Seventy-six cases were found to be infected with Salmonella typhi other three with Salmonella paratyphi A, and the remaining three were diagnosed only clinically. The strains of S. typhi isolated from these patients showed such a variety of Vi-phage types as D1, D2, E1, M1, 53 and degraded Vi-positive strain (DVS). The concurrent survey of the city sewage and river waters for typhoid bacilli was conducted with total 578 samples taken therefrom. S. typhi was isolated from 120 of those samples. The Vi-phage types of the isolates were closely related with those of the isolates from the patients. The periodical examinations of the city sewage and the draining river may serve as a useful means for the controlling typhoid fever epidemics.
mesh_terms: D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000032:analysis*; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014871:Water Microbiology / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage