title: Demonstration of a late amiloride-sensitive event as a necessary step in initiation of DNA synthesis by thrombin.
abstract: Amiloride, a Na+ influx inhibitor, has been shown to inhibit initiation of DNA synthesis by thrombin in mouse embryo fibroblast-like cells. Long exposures (24 hr) to high concentrations of amiloride inhibited incorporation of thymidine into the DNA of both thrombin-stimulated and nonstimulated cells, suggesting that this inhibition might not be specific for thrombin-initiated DNA synthesis. Fluorescence microscopy and spectrofluorimetry showed that amiloride was internalized with an apparent mitochondrial association and that the internalized amiloride was readily released from the cells after removing amiloride from the medium. Based on this reversibility, cells were exposed to amiloride for short periods of time during thrombin treatment to determine the temporal relationship between any amiloride-sensitive event(s) and initiation of DNA synthesis. The presence of amiloride (100 microM) during a 12-hr exposure to thrombin did not block thrombin-initiated DNA synthesis or cell division but did delay the onset of DNA synthesis and the peak of thymidine incorporation into DNA by approximately 3 hr, suggesting that early initiation events might proceed in the presence of amiloride. 86Rb+ transport studies demonstrated that in this system ouabain-sensitive K+ uptake via the Na, K-ATPase was stimulated by thrombin during both an early and a late period. This stimulation was amiloride-sensitive under the same conditions used for growth experiments, suggesting that amiloride was inhibiting thrombin-stimulated Na+ transport in this system. Additional experiments showed that exposing cells to amiloride only during the first 8 hr after thrombin addition did not inhibit initiation. The presence of amiloride from 8-12 hr after thrombin addition maximally inhibited thrombin-stimulated DNA synthesis. Together these results demonstrate that amiloride inhibits thrombin-initiated DNA synthesis not by inhibiting an early event occurring during the first 8 hr, but rather by inhibiting some later event 8-12 hr after thrombin addition.
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002460:Cell Line; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012413:Rubidium / Q000378:metabolism; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011719:Pyrazines; D000584:Amiloride; D013917:Thrombin; D012413:Rubidium