title: Lyophilized typhoid vaccine for intradermal use.
abstract: The prophylaxis of typhoid fever in Romania is usually achieved with fluid heat-killed phenolized vaccine. However the shelf life of this vaccine is only two years. The long term storage of an intradermal typhoid vaccine is made possible by lyophilization. A heat-inactivated bacterial suspension with a high concentration of organisms, at least 25 X 10(9) cells per ml, was freeze-dried at a temperature not higher than 30 degrees C. The final vaccine obtained had a residual moisture content of not more than 5%. Active and passive protection tests in mice, specific agglutinin production in humans and rabbits, the innocuity and the toxicity for mice, and the investigation of post-vaccinal adverse reactions in man, showed that the lyophilized typhoid vaccine could be stored at 4 degrees C for at least five years without loss of potency. Consequently, the vaccine may be stored without risk of deterioration for rapid emergency mass immunization with Jet-injector apparatus.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D051379:Mice; D011817:Rabbits; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000276:immunology; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines