Evidence for direct methyl transfer in betaine: homocysteine S-methyl-transferase.
We described recently the purification and preliminary characterization of human hepatic betaine: homocysteins S-methyltransferase (Skiba, W. E., Taylor, M. P., Wells, M. S., Mangum, J. H., and Awad, W. M., Jr. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 14944-14948) where it was shown that isovalerate and 3,3-dimethylbutyrate, analogs of dimethylglycine and betaine, respectively, were good inhibitors. The present study demonstrates that butyrate is a modest competitive inhibitor, binding at the betaine site. This led to the consideration and synthesis of a putative dual-substrate analog, S(delta-carboxybutyl)-DL-homocysteine, which bound with high affinity to the active site of the methyltransferase; presumably this effect is due to the L-isomer only. Homologs, S(gamma-carboxypropyl)-DL-homocysteine and S(beta-carboxyethyl)-DL-homocysteine, do not inhibit at concentrations 100-fold higher than where inhibition is noted with the dual-substrate analog, indicating the latter's specificity. These findings support the hypothesis that methyl transfer in this enzyme occurs directly from one substrate to the other.
D050940:Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D020148:Butyric Acid; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008745:Methylation; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
D002087:Butyrates; D006710:Homocysteine; D020148:Butyric Acid; C039751:5-(delta-carboxybutyl)homocysteine; D008780:Methyltransferases; C494548:BHMT protein, human; D050940:Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase