title: A venous outflow method for measurement of rapid changes of the cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in the rat.
abstract: A technique for continuous measurement of cerebral venous outflow in the rat is described. The method involves cannulation of one retroglenoid vein close to its exit from the skull, and diversion of cerebral venous blood through a closed extracorporal circuit with a drop recording device, the blood being returned to the central venous circulation via a catheter in the external jugular vein. Occlusion of the contralateral retroglenoid vein increases measured flow and minimizes extracerebral contamination of the diverted cerebral venous blood. The venous outflow system is not further isolated from cerebral or potential extracerebral collaterals. Thus, the mass of tissue drained cannot be exactly defined anatomically. However, the experiments involving changes of PP, arterial CO2 tension, and induction of epileptic seizure activity, and simultaneous indirect measurements with radioactive tracer technique, indicate that significant extracerebral contamination does not occur and that in short term measurements the venous outflow represents cerebral blood flow (CBF) in a constant mass of (dorsal and central, mainly forebrain) cerebral tissue. Measurement of arterial blood pressure and pressure in the cisterna magna allows calculation of cerebral perfusion pressure (PP). By simultaneous measurement of arterial and cerebral venous oxygen content changes in cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) can be calculated. The method has been applied to document several situations of transient CBF and CMRO2 changes.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006706:Homeostasis; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D051381:Rats; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D014680:Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014980:Xenon Radioisotopes
chemical_list: D014980:Xenon Radioisotopes; D010100:Oxygen