title: Heparin inactivation, acidosis and copper poisoning due to presumed acid contamination of water in a hemodialysis unit.
abstract: An accident in a hemodialysis unit involving 13 patients is reported. Circumstantial evidence suggests that acid contamination of the water supply to the unit resulted in inactivation of heparin with widespread extracorporeal clotting and secondary copper intoxication which proved fatal in one patient. Serum copper concentrations were raised in 6 of the 11 patients and whole blood copper concentrations were raised in 4 patients. Results of serum ceruloplasmin, whole blood lead and zinc analyses are reported together with tissue analyses for copper in the fatal case. The majority of the patients showed evidence of a metabolic acidosis.
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000743:Anemia, Hemolytic / Q000209:etiology; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology; D006494:Heparin Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000209:etiology; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006494:Heparin Antagonists; D014867:Water; D003300:Copper; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid