title: Laboratory evaluation of anatomic disorders of the thyroid.
abstract: Thyroid function tests, radioiodine uptake and scintiscanning, and antithyroid antibody titers are the main laboratory tests useful in the management of goiter. Scintiscanning and ultrasonography aid in differentiating a functioning adenoma from a "cold" solid nodule--a crucial distinction since the incidence of cancer in a cold nodule is 20 percent. Radioiodine scanning and serum thyroglobulin help in the diagnosis of a well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Serum calcitonin serves as a reliable tumor marker for medullary carcinoma.
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006042:Goiter / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D013966:Thyroiditis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D013963:Thyroid Hormones