Hepatic fatty acids and acyl desaturases in rats: effects of dietary carbohydrate and essential fatty acids.
For a 9-week period, six groups of weanling male rats were fed either a fat-free diet or a diet containing 10% hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO) or 10% safflower oil (SAF), respectively. Each of these diets contained either glucose or sucrose as the only carbohydrate. In the fat-free diets, the carbohydrate level was 67.3% and in the fat-supplemented diets 44.8%. Including HCO in the fat-free diet did not significantly alter hepatic 5-, 6-, and 9-desaturase activity, whereas addition of SAF significantly depressed all these activities. As compared to glucose, sucrose induced higher 9-desaturase activity in the rats on the fat-free diets. Adding HCO or SAF to the diet, simultaneously with lowering the carbohydrate level, diminished the stimulatory effect of dietary sucrose versus glucose on 9-desaturase activity. Levels of 20:4n6 and 20:3n9 in the fatty acid profiles of the liver microsomes were not influenced by dietary carbohydrate source, neither were the activities of the 5- and 6-desaturases, providing indirect evidence that dietary sucrose, as compared to glucose, did not differently affect biosynthesis of 20:4n6 and 20:3n9.
D000818:Animals; D003059:Cocos; D000090943:Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D050602:Linoleoyl-CoA Desaturase; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012450:Safflower Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology
D000090943:Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D013395:Sucrose; D012450:Safflower Oil; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; D050602:Linoleoyl-CoA Desaturase; C029627:delta-9 fatty acid desaturase; D005947:Glucose