title: Release of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid from glial (Müller) cells of the rat retina: effects of K+, veratridine, and ethylenediamine.
abstract: In several neural systems, glial cells appear to take up and release gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) upon depolarization. We have studied the release of [3H]GABA from Müller (glial) cells in the rat retina by a double isotope-labeling technique in which Müller cells are preloaded with 3H-GABA while a population of neurons is prelabeled with [14C]glycine. By autoradiography, we have confirmed that [3H]GABA is taken up by the radially oriented Müller cells, whereas [3H]glycine is accumulated by a subset of amacrine cells (neurons). Using the double-labeling procedure, we have examined the effects of two depolarizing agents, high K+ and veratridine, and the GABA mimetic, ethylenediamine, on transmitter release from glial cells and neurons simultaneously. We found the following. (1) Depolarization with 56 mM K+ released both [3H]GABA and [14C]glycine. About 70 to 80% of this release was blocked in Ca2+-free medium. (2) Veratridine (10 microM) also released both of the transmitters. This release was strongly inhibited by 100 nM tetrodotoxin or 1mM procaine. Under Ca2+-free conditions, less than 20% isotope release was observed. (3) Ethylenediamine released [3H]GABA readily, whereas little [14C]glycine release was observed. Removal of Ca2+ had no significant effect on transmitter release. Furthermore, in Na+-free medium ethylenediamine failed to induce [3H] GABA or [14C]glycine release. These results suggest that high K+ and veratridine release [3H]GABA from Müller cells by a Ca2+-dependent process. Ethylenediamine, on the other hand, appears to induce [3H]GABA release by a Ca2+-independent, carrier-mediated exchange mechanism.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D003470:Culture Media; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D014701:Veratridine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014702:Veratrine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005029:Ethylenediamines; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C031234:ethylenediamine; D014701:Veratridine; D014702:Veratrine; D011188:Potassium; D005998:Glycine