Grafted synthetic sorbents for enhanced removal of toxic chemical agents from plasma.
A series of porous polymeric sorbents and activated carbon were used to remove diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) from human plasma and normal saline. The sorptive capacities of the commercially available sorbents Amberlite XAD-4, XAD-2, XN1010, and XE348, and Calgon 400 were determined. Butyl- and palmityl-grafted XAD-4 were prepared with graft efficiencies of 32 and 6%, respectively, and tested for sorptive capacities. DIMP removal efficiencies were compared to dialysis with a 1.8 m2 Cordis-Dow hollow fiber artificial kidneY (HFAK). Butyl-grafted XAD-4 and active carbon outperformed the other sorbents in removing DIMP from both saline and plasma. An order of magnitude reduction in removal ability was noted for all the adsorbents when the mobile media was plasma. Pronounced plasma precipitation was elicited by activated carbon, an effect not observed with any of the polymeric resins tested. The removal efficiencies on a 18.0 g basis of XAD-4, butyl-grafted XAD-4, and active carbon were comparable to that of the HFAK used in this study. These sorbents, however, possess a macroscopic surface area of approximately 0.1 m2, an order of magnitude lower than that of the HFAK. This reduction in contact area is believed to reduce substantially the possibility of undesirable molecular and cellular effects.
D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D007688:Kidneys, Artificial; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000097:blood* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014462:Ultrafiltration
D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C023477:diisopropyl methylphosphonate