The relation of heart rate and shortening fraction to echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular relaxation in normal subjects.
To determine the relation of heart rate and systolic function to echocardiographically derived indexes of left ventricular relaxation, M-mode echocardiograms of the left ventricle and mitral valve with a simultaneous phonocardiogram were recorded at rest from 28 normal men. The effects of altering the inotropic state and ventricular loading conditions were examined during isometric handgrip exercise and the Valsalva maneuver in a subset of 15 men. The left ventricular endocardial echocardiograms were digitized to provide a display of left ventricular internal dimension and its first derivative (dD/dt). The time course of relaxation, defined as the interval from left ventricular minimal systolic dimension to the point when the rate of change of dimension (dD/dt) decreased to 50% of peak, was directly related to the RR interval (r = 0.64, p less than 0.0001) in the entire group, and this relation remained throughout the interventions. The slopes of the regression lines of relaxation time (RT) and electromechanical systole (QS2) on the RR interval were similar. Diastolic time decreased proportionately more than relaxation time as the RR interval decreased, so that the proportion of diastole occupied by the relaxation time varied with cycle length. Peak diastolic dD/dt, normalized for variations in end-diastolic dimensions [( dD/dt]/D), was directly related to left ventricular shortening fraction (r = 0.71 p less than 0.0001) and this relation remained during isometric grip. There was no correlation between the heart rate at rest and (dD/dt)/D over the range of 44 to 99 beats/min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004452:Echocardiography; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000502:physiology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D012016:Reference Values; D013599:Systole; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver; D016276:Ventricular Function