title: Effects of 4-hydroxynonenal on isolated hepatocytes. Studies on chemiluminescence response, alkane production and glutathione status.
abstract: The effect of 4-hydroxy-2,3-trans-nonenal, a diffusible product of lipid peroxidation, on isolated hepatocytes was evaluated with two non-invasive techniques measuring low-level chemiluminescence and alkane evolution. Oxygen-induced low-level chemiluminescence and ethane and n-pentane formation by hepatocytes is enhanced over 7-fold in the presence of 4-hydroxynonenal (2 mM). Glutathione-depleted hepatocytes show a higher increase than controls in both low-level chemiluminescence and alkane formation upon supplementation with 4-hydroxynonenal. The effects on both parameters are diminished by vitamin E pretreatment of rats and are absent under anaerobiosis. At variance with chemiluminescence and alkane formation, 4-hydroxynonenal does not elicit a concomitant increase in malonaldehyde or diene-conjugate formation. Addition of 4-hydroxynonenal to a suspension of hepatocytes causes a rapid loss of cellular glutathione in the form of a glutathione conjugate with the alkenal as observed with high-pressure liquid-chromatographic analysis. The reaction between glutathione and 4-hydroxynonenal proceeds also spontaneously in vitro at 1:1 stoichiometry. The cellular effects of 4-hydroxynonenal evaluated by low-level chemiluminescence and alkane formation are independent of the formation of a glutathione conjugate and seem to rely on the remaining not-bound 4-hydroxynonenal. The sensitivity of 4-hydroxynonenal-enhanced chemiluminescence and alkane formation to free-radical quenchers suggests the participation of a free-radical propagation process.
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000466:Alkadienes / Q000378:metabolism; D000473:Alkanes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000466:Alkadienes; D000473:Alkanes; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal