title: [Stunted growth].
abstract: According to recent investigations more than half of all growth disorders are due to growth hormone (GH) deficiency. I. The cause of the classic hypothalamo-pituitary dwarfism is: 1. perinatally acquired lesions of the hypothalamus; 2. suprasellar tumours; 3. brain malformations; 4. hereditary disturbances of GH-synthesis. - II. Constitutional delay of growth and adolescent development is clinically characterised by harmonious delay of growth, skeletal development and sexual maturation. The typical aspect of the pituitary dwarf is missing. Whereas provocation tests for GH do not show reliable deviations, assessment of the spontaneous GH secretion during sleep usually demonstrates a significant GH-deficit. - III. Impairments of GH synthesis with production of a hormone which reacts in the RIA but exhibits reduced biological effectivity causes the same clinical picture as constitutional delay. The disorders I--III can successfully be treated by GH. - IV. Familial short stature is based on the summation of hereditary anlages of the parents. In principle, it is no endocrine disorder. However, the combination with disorders II and III occurs frequently ("Small/Delay" acc. to Tanner). - V. Intrauterine growth retardation is caused by maternal, placental or fetal factors. With most of the "small for dates" growth prognosis is good. However, if teratogenic agents, particularly alcohol is involved, and if the damage occurs in the first months of gestation, the prognosis is unfavorable. - VI. A great number of genetic disorders is connected with pre- and/or postnatal growth retardation, combined with typical malformations. Apart from few exceptions these syndromes are rare. Endocrine deviations are missing. - The therapeutic possibilities of GH and anabolics are thoroughly discussed.
mesh_terms: D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000150:complications; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D004393:Dwarfism, Pituitary / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000209:etiology; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000209:etiology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D013006:Growth Hormone
vernacular_title: Minderwuchs.