title: Catatonic or hypotonic immobility induced in mice by intracerebroventricular injection of mu or kappa opioid receptor agonists as well as enkephalins or inhibitors of their degradation.
abstract: The intracerebroventricular injections in mice of the mu receptor agonists morphine and fentanyl induced an immobility state (the animals staying motionless with the head down on a 45 degree inclined plane) which was apparently hypertonic (catatonia ?) or at least enabled them to remain hanging on a horizontal wire with their forepaws. In similar conditions, injections of the kappa receptor agonists ketocyclazocine and bremazocine induced an immobility state which was hypotonic, in contrast with the preceding one. In a similar way to the mu agonists, Met-enkephalin or Leu-enkephalin injected i.c.v. in association with the inhibitor of enkephalinase thiorphan induced an apparently hypertonic immobility which was easily antagonized by naloxone. The association of thiorphan with bestatin (an inhibitor of aminopeptidases involved in enkephalins inactivation) produced similar results. In contrast, the hypotonic immobility induced by the kappa receptor agonists required relatively high doses of naloxone to be antagonized. The opiate antagonist MR 2266 antagonized equipotent doses of all the above mentioned agents with a similar efficacy. From these data it is suggested that enkephalins could induce an apparently tonic immobility by stimulating mu receptors and that endogenous enkephalins could be involved in a tonic mediation modulating the locomotor activity or regulating the muscular tone.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001575:Benzomorphans / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002389:Catatonia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003496:Cyclazocine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004745:Enkephalins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016314:Ethylketocyclazocine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001575:Benzomorphans; D004745:Enkephalins; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009294:Narcotics; D009270:Naloxone; D016314:Ethylketocyclazocine; C012395:ketazocine; D009020:Morphine; C027248:bremazocine; D003496:Cyclazocine; D005283:Fentanyl