On constrained balance randomization for clinical trials.
A method is proposed for calculating the probabilities of assignment of a patient to treatments; it involves minimizing a quadratic criterion subject to a balance constraint. The optimal probabilities are very easy to compute. Numerical illustration is given and comparisons are drawn with the entropy-based methods of Klotz (1978, Biometrics 34, 283-287).
D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D011336:Probability; D012107:Research Design