title: Interaction of dichlorvos-crotoxyphos insecticide with phenothiazine anthelmintic in sheep with or without Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus infections.
abstract: The temporal interaction of an emulsifiable mixture of 2.3% dichlorvos and 10% crotoxyphos with phenothiazine anthelmintic was studied in 8 groups of 5 lambs each, free from or parasitized with Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus spp. Each lamb in 1 of 3 parasitized groups and 1 of 3 nonparasitized groups was treated with phenothiazine orally (12.5 g initially and 4 days later with 6.25 g every 3 days for 9 treatments) and/or the mixture of dichlorvos and crotoxyphos dermally (1,550 ml of 0.25% emulsion sprayed every 2 weeks for 3 applications). Two groups served as controls. Onset of clinical signs of toxicosis, lethality, and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (EACE) activity were monitored. After each dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture spray, clinical signs of toxicosis were seen within 40 minutes in parasitized and nonparasitized lambs regardless of concurrent phenothiazine treatment. Phenothiazine alone was not toxic and did not inhibit EACE activity. The EACE activities of dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture-sprayed lambs were significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed regardless of parasitism or concurrent phenothiazine treatments. The severity of inhibition increased with each dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture spray, but EACE activity recovered within 48 hours after each spray although base-line values were never attained. There was no apparent potentiation of the toxic effects of the dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture by phenothiazine.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004006:Dichlorvos / Q000633:toxicity*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013552:Swine; D014252:Trichostrongyloidiasis / Q000662:veterinary*; D014253:Trichostrongylosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010640:Phenothiazines; D004006:Dichlorvos; C000518:crotoxyphos; C031637:phenothiazine