title: Effects of dietary mineral levels on metabolism and requirements.
abstract: Currently, 26 mineral elements are considered important for humans; these include essential trace and macro elements, two that may be required, and others of concern solely for their toxic properties. Almost all elements are toxic at high intakes, and excessive consumption of dietary mineral supplements is a source of potential hazard in addition to environmental and industrial sources of exposure. In assessing requirements and the health effects of variations in dietary mineral levels, the tissue concentrations of the elements can be very useful. The interpretation of tissue mineral levels is tempered by factors that may influence the metabolism of the element of concern as well as by the correlations of intake and tissue levels with physiological effects. For elements that have been studied most extensively and for which reliable analytical methods exist, a multiplicity of interactions have been shown. The practical significance of these interactions for humans is an area of active research. With reliable analytical methods for additional elements, it is anticipated that important advances will be made relative to those chemical elements and their action both as nutrients and as toxicants.
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D004032:Diet; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*; D009751:Nutritional Requirements
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals