title: A study of the teratogenic potential of caffeine ingested in drinking-water.
abstract: Caffeine dissolved in drinking-water was available ad lib. to Osborne-Mendel rats at dose levels of 0, 0.007, 0.018, 0.036, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15 or 0.20% during days 0-20 of gestation. The corresponding daily caffeine intakes were 0, 10.1, 27.4, 50.7, 86.6, 115.8, 160.9 and 204.5 mg/kg body weight. Dosages of 160.9 and 204.5 mg/kg were associated with decreased implantation efficiency, increased resorptions and decreased mean numbers of viable foetuses. Numbers of runts were significantly increased after dosages of 115.8-204.5 mg/kg/day. Foetal body weight and length were decreased and oedematous foetuses were increased at dosages of 86.6-204.5 mg/kg/day. Contrary to results seen after gavage studies, caffeine available ad lib. in drinking-water produced no dose-related gross anomalies. Only two animals with missing or hypoplastic nails were produced, both in the 160.9-mg/kg group. Sternebral ossification deficiencies were increased at all dose levels except 10.1 mg/kg/day. Skeletal ossification deficiencies were increased in a dose-related manner at the four highest dose levels. Caffeine given by water bottle produced ossification deficiencies similar to those seen after intubation, but at higher dosages.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000002:abnormalities; D002110:Caffeine / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005327:Fetal Resorption / Q000139:chemically induced; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D013723:Teratogens; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D013723:Teratogens; D002110:Caffeine