title: Calcium-free cardioplegia--contra.
abstract: In cardioplegia research one is confronted with three different calcium paradoxes: the original, the low sodium and the infusion plus ischaemia induced type. On the basis of general considerations on extracellular calcium and myocardial pathophysiology, on characteristics of calcium paradox phenomena, and on surgically relevant factors, it is recommended that cardioplegic solutions should always contain some calcium.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000502:physiology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000503:physiopathology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D002118:Calcium