title: Instrumentation and technique of removal of permanent teeth in the dog.
abstract: A practical method was developed to remove the different permanent teeth of the dog as atraumatically as possible and with a minimal risk of complications. Emphasis is placed on the importance of completely loosening the root from its periodontal attachment and subsequently lifting the tooth out by means of a root elevator, instead of forceful extraction with an extraction forceps. Specific considerations for each tooth are given.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003762:Dental Instruments / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs / Q000601:surgery*; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000601:surgery