title: How people make their own environments: a theory of genotype greater than environment effects.
abstract: We propose a theory of development in which experience is directed by genotypes. Genotypic differences are proposed to affect phenotypic differences, both directly and through experience, via 3 kinds of genotype leads to environment effects: a passive kind, through environments provided by biologically related parents; an evocative kind, through responses elicited by individuals from others; and an active kind, through the selection of different environments by different people. The theory adapts the 3 kinds of genotype-environment correlations proposed by Plomin, DeFries, and Loehlin in a developmental model that is used to explain results from studies of deprivation, intervention, twins, and families.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000300:Adoption; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006803:Human Development; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007360:Intelligence; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011610:Psychosocial Deprivation; D014427:Twins