title: Extraction of retained gallstones using a fiber-choledochoscope through a PTC-drainage fistula.
abstract: After unsuccessful attempts to completely remove gallstones, endoscopic papillotomy was carried out to remove the stones after closure of the T-tube tract. We treated two patients with successful extraction of retained gallstones using a fiber-choledochoscope through a percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage (PTCD) fistula. This technique can be applied in cases when endoscopic papillotomy cannot be performed or for patients who are poor risks for repeat surgery.
mesh_terms: D001659:Biliary Tract; D002758:Cholangiography; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D042882:Gallstones / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications