title: Anthelmintic efficacy, safety, and residue evaluation of levamisole gel formulation in cattle.
abstract: Anthelmintic efficacy, safety, and residue studies were conducted in beef calves using a levamisole gel formulation. The effectiveness of levamisole gel and tablet formulations was studied in 30 calves with experimental infection of Ostertagia ostertagi. Removal of 33- to 34-day-old O ostertagi was 99.6% and 97.7%, for the gel and tablet formulation, respectively, when administered orally to supply 8 mg of levamisole HCl equivalent/kg of body weight. A comparative blood concentration study was also used to demonstrate bioequivalence of the levamisole gel to the tablet formulation. In a cross-over-designed test, 5 cattle/treatment group were dosed orally with levamisole 11.5% gel or levamisole tablets at the dosage rate of 8 mg of levamisole HCl/kg. Blood levamisole values were similar with the levamisole gel and tablet formulations. In a safety study, 3 groups of 6 calves each were given levamisole gel orally to provide 8, 24, or 40 mg of levamisole HCl/kg. A 4th group served as controls. Adverse clinical signs were not observed in cattle treated with the recommended dosage level of 8 mg/kg. Transient salivation was noticed in 1 placebo control calf, 2 calves given 24 mg/kg, and 4 calves given 40 mg/kg. Edible tissues from cattle given a single oral dose of levamisole gel (8 mg/kg) were analyzed for drug residues 2 hours and 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D007978:Levamisole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010029:Ostertagiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D013607:Tablets; D014251:Trichostrongyloidea / Q000187:drug effects; D014252:Trichostrongyloidiasis / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D013607:Tablets; D007978:Levamisole