title: Comparison of measurement of dialkyl phosphates in milk/urine and blood cholinesterase and insecticide concentrations in goats exposed to the organophosphate insecticide, imidan.
abstract: Recognition of exposure to imidan was assessed in goats by dialkyl phosphate concentrations, blood cholinesterase (ChE) determinations, and blood imidan concentrations. Groups of three goats received 5.0 mg imidan/kg/day (low dose) or 10 mg imidan/kg/day (high dose) for 7 days orally. One goat received no imidan and one goat received an acute single dose (200 mg/kg). The urine of all treated goats was examined for the excretory dialkyl phosphates, O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate (DMDTP) and O,O-dimethyl phosphorothionate (DMTP). The overall mean DMDTP urinary concentration was 19.1 ppm (10-mg/kg treatment group) and 7.2 ppm (5-mg/kg treatment group). These metabolites rapidly disappeared following removal of the treatment except in those goats clinically affected. Milk contained no identifiable concentrations of dialkyl phosphates. Cholinesterase depression was observed in all imidan-treated goats, and a dose effect was observed. No imidan was detected in whole blood of either the 5- or 10-mg/kg treatment groups. Low blood concentrations (ppb) of imidan were measured in the acute single-dose exposed goat. Both urinary DMDTP and blood ChE provided recognition of imidan exposure. DMDTP, however, was immediately present in urine after exposure and provided stronger support for organophosphate exposure than did blood ChE.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006041:Goats; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D008892:Milk / Q000032:analysis*; D063086:Organothiophosphates / Q000652:urine*; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D010706:Phosmet / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D063086:Organothiophosphates; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; C040340:O,O-dimethyl phosphorothionate; C040339:O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate; D002802:Cholinesterases; D010706:Phosmet