title: Effects of pretreatment with toluene, phenobarbital and 3-methylcholantrene on the in vivo metabolism of toluene and on the excretion of hippuric acid in the rat.
abstract: The limit of the capacity of male adult Sprague-Dawley rats to metabolize toluene and excrete it as hippuric acid was reached at a dose of 10 mmol toluene/kg. At this dose of benzoic acid or hippuric acid, the excretion of hippuric acid was 1.5-fold and 4-fold, respectively, greater than that following this dose of toluene. When toluene was given after phenobarbital pretreatment the excretion rate of hippuric acid increased 3-4-fold, but 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment had no effect. Consecutive toluene exposures increased hippuric acid excretion on the third day by about 2-fold. It seems that the side-chain oxidation is the rate-limiting step in toluene metabolism of uninduced rats, and toluene accelerates its own metabolism by inducing cytochrome P-450 dependent microsomal monooxygenases.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019817:Benzoic Acid; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D006626:Hippurates / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008748:Methylcholanthrene / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014050:Toluene / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D006626:Hippurates; D014050:Toluene; D008748:Methylcholanthrene; D019817:Benzoic Acid; C030514:hippuric acid; D010634:Phenobarbital