title: [Hemoglobins of thecommon starling (Sturnus vulgaris, Passeriformes). The primary structures of the alphaA, alphaD and beta chains].
abstract: The primary structures of the major hemoglobin component HbA (alpha A- and beta-chains) and the minor component HbD (alpha D-chains, beta-chains are identical with those of HbA) of the Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) are given. The order Passeriformes, to which this species belongs, represents 5/8 of all species of birds. Comparing Starling and Greylag Goose (Anser anser) hemoglobins, HbA alpha A-chains differ by 20 amino acids or 23 nucleotides (3 two point mutations), beta-chains by 14 amino-acid and nucleotide exchanges. Eight substitutions modify alpha 1-beta 1 contacts and one phosphate contact (beta 2(NA2)His----Gln). In both chains some histidine residues are substituted by neutral amino acids. Comparing Starling and Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus colchicus) hemoglobins, HbD alpha D-chains differ by 33 amino acids or 39 nucleotides (6 two point mutations). Five alpha 1-beta 1 contacts, one alpha 1-beta 2-contact and one heme contact are changed. Valin was found in the N-terminal position of Starling alpha D-chains instead of methionin which is the N-terminus in all other avian alpha D-chains so far investigated. Not only alpha A- and beta-chains, but also alpha A- and alpha D-chains differ significantly from each other in the mutation rates. Substitutions are discussed in relation to evolution, function and physiology.
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001717:Birds / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D005796:Genes; D006441:Hemoglobin A / Q000235:genetics; D006455:Hemoglobins, Abnormal / Q000235:genetics; D006868:Hydrolysis; D009154:Mutation
chemical_list: D006455:Hemoglobins, Abnormal; C032001:hemoglobin D; D006441:Hemoglobin A
vernacular_title: Hämoglobine vom Gemeinen Star (Sturnus vulgaris, Passeriformes), Die Primärstrukturen der alpha A-, alpha D- und beta-Ketten.