Brain damage in modern boxers.
Eighteen former and active boxers underwent neurological examination, EEG, computed tomographic scan of the brain, and neuropsychological testing. Eighty-seven percent of the professional boxers had definite evidence of brain damage. All the boxers had abnormal results on at least one of the neuropsychological tests. Brain damage is a frequent result of a career in professional boxing.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001914:Boxing; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed