Proline and hepatic lipogenesis.
The effects of proline on lipogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes were determined and compared with those of lactate, an established lipogenic precursor. Proline or lactate plus pyruvate increased lipogenesis (measured with 3H2O) in hepatocytes from fed rats depleted of glycogen in vitro and in hepatocytes from starved rats. Lactate plus pyruvate but not proline increased lipogenesis in hepatocytes from starved rats. ( - )-Hydroxycitrate, an inhibitor of ATP-citrate lyase, partially inhibited incorporation into saponifiable fatty acid of 3H from 3H2O and 14C from [U-14C]lactate with hepatocytes from fed rats. Incorporation of 14C from [U-14C]proline was completely inhibited. Similar complete inhibition of incorporation of 14C from [U-14C]proline by ( - )-hydroxycitrate was observed with glycogen-depleted hepatocytes or hepatocytes from starved rats. Inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by 3-mercaptopicolinate did not inhibit the incorporation into saponifiable fatty acid of 3H from 3H2O or 14C from [U-14C]proline or [U-14C]lactate. Both 3-mercaptopicolinate and ( - )-hydroxycitrate increased lipogenesis (measured with 3H2O) in the absence or presence of lactate or proline with hepatocytes from starved rats. The results are discussed with reference to the roles of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, mitochondrial citrate efflux, ATP-citrate lyase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in proline- or lactate-stimulated lipogenesis.
D000818:Animals; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007773:Lactates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D010848:Picolinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D011392:Proline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013217:Starvation / Q000378:metabolism
D002951:Citrates; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007773:Lactates; D008055:Lipids; D010848:Picolinic Acids; D011773:Pyruvates; D019344:Lactic Acid; C008363:3-mercaptopicolinic acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; C007999:hydroxycitric acid; D011392:Proline