title: Effect of calmodulin, Ca2+, and cAMP protein kinase on skinned tracheal smooth muscle.
abstract: The characteristics of contraction and relaxation of membrane skinned smooth muscle from guinea pig trachealis muscle are described. Micromolar Ca2+ elicited reproducible contractions in Mg-ATP salt solution at 20 degrees C. The speed of contraction was much faster at 30 and 37 degrees C, enabling cumulative concentration-response curves to be obtained. At these temperatures, a progressive increase in basal tension occurred in the absence of Ca2+. This tension was active and developed more rapidly at pH 6.7 than at pH 7.0. Calmodulin (0.1-10 microM) greatly increased the speed of contraction and lowered the threshold Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) required to initiate contraction from 0.13 to 0.02 microM Ca2+. Trifluoperazine antagonized responses to Ca2+. Thiophosphorylation with adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) produced maximum tension development, which was Ca2+-independent. This effect was reversible. The results are compatible with myosin-linked regulation of contraction in which a Ca2+ X calmodulin complex activates myosin light chain kinase to phosphorylate myosin. The catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase strongly inhibited tension development and slowly relaxed fibers contracted with threshold [Ca2+] consistent with an action via phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase. This effect was extremely slow compared with the rate of relaxation by Ca2+ withdrawal or with relaxation of intact smooth muscle by beta-adrenergic agonists.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D011494:Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium