title: Determination of sodium and potassium with ion-selective electrodes.
abstract: We compared different sample-handling techniques for measurement of Na+ and K+ with ion-selective electrodes (ISE). Imprecision was less for venous blood (with a minimum of heparin) than for plasma, serum, or capillary blood. The results for K+ were higher for serum than for whole blood, and higher for whole blood than for plasma. The latter difference was apparently due to release of K+ during the analysis. Values were more stable for whole blood stored at 20 degrees C than at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C. The molality of Na+ in the plasma of mixed whole blood changed by -10.5 mmol/kg per unit change in blood pH. This could be explained by the different H+ buffering capacities of plasma and erythrocyte fluid, because when the pH is changed, the concentration of small anions in erythrocytes changes more than it does in plasma, with a consequent osmotic movement of water across the erythrocyte membrane. When we took into account the residual liquid-junction potential and the mass concentration of water in each of 65 patients' sera, the molality determined for Na+ was 1% lower and that of K+ 3% lower by ISE than by flame photometry--differences that may be related to ionic binding or to a lower molal activity coefficient in serum than in the calibrator.
mesh_terms: D002196:Capillaries; D004566:Electrodes; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010783:Photometry / Q000379:methods; D010949:Plasma / Q000032:analysis; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood*; D011199:Potentiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium