title: Endocrine studies in patients with advanced hypospadias.
abstract: We evaluated 15 boys less than 4 years old with advanced degrees of hypospadias for the presence of an endocrinopathy by a variety of special tests. There were 6 different endocrine-related abnormalities uncovered in 11 patients. One child had been exposed to progesterone given to the mother during the first trimester of pregnancy, 1 had an abnormal karyotype and 1 had an absent gonad on 1 side. One patient with a family history of Reifenstein's syndrome had low receptor numbers and 3 patients exhibited a poor genital response to exogenous testosterone despite normal receptor levels. However, the most striking finding was that of a poor testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin injections, which was seen in 7 patients. In several instances this improved with time and even normalized in 2 patients. This experience suggests that hypospadias is a local manifestation of an endocrinopathy rather than a local dysmorphic problem, and that 1 major cause of it may be a delay in maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis.
mesh_terms: D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000009:adverse effects; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000032:analysis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase