title: Childhood asphyxiation by food. A national analysis and overview.
abstract: Data on all identified food-related asphyxiations of infants and children aged 0 to 9 years in 41 states from 1979 to 1981 were analyzed by type of food and age of child. Nationally, one death occurred approximately every five days. More than 90% occurred in infants and children younger than 5 years and 65% in infants younger than 2 years. Round foods were most often mentioned of the 103 foods specifically identified on death certificates. Most frequently cited were hot dog products (17 cases, 17%), candy, ten; nuts, nine; and grapes, eight. Hot dogs caused deaths from infancy through 3 years (more than two thirds of all deaths from meat products) and seven of ten deaths in 3-year-olds. Characteristics of foods, children, and environment can be related to three phases of food asphyxiation: penetration, occlusion, and expulsion. Preventive measures include product modification, warning labels, and dissemination of information on high-risk foods.
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005502:Food / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D001239:Inhalation; D008297:Male; D014481:United States; D014839:Vomiting / Q000150:complications