title: X-inactivation patterns in lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts of three cases of X-autosome translocations with abnormal phenotypes.
abstract: X-inactivation patterns were studied by replication analyses both in lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts of two patients carrying balanced X-autosome translocations, t(X;10)-(pter;q11) and t(X;17)(q11;q11), and one patient with an unbalanced translocation t(X;22)(p21;q11). Preferential late replication of the normal X chromosome was found in lymphocytes of both patients carrying balanced translocations and in skin fibroblasts of the patient carrying the translocation t(X;17). However, skin fibroblasts of the patient with a translocation t(X;10) showed preferential late replication of the abnormal der(X) chromosome with no spreading of late replication to the autosomal segment. In the case of unbalanced translocation t(X;22) there was preferential late replication of the der(X) chromosome both in lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts. The abnormal phenotype of the patients is discussed in relation to the observed X-inactivation patterns and the variability of the patterns in different tissues.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D002902:Chromosomes, Human, 16-18; D002904:Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y; D002906:Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007621:Karyotyping; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010641:Phenotype; D012729:Sex Chromosome Aberrations / Q000235:genetics*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology; D014178:Translocation, Genetic; D014960:X Chromosome