title: Potentiation by piridoxilate of the synthesis of hippurate from benzoate in isolated rat hepatocytes. An approach to the determination of new pathways of nitrogen excretion in inborn errors of urea synthesis.
abstract: The synthesis of hippurate from benzoate as compared to ureagenesis has been investigated in isolated rat hepatocytes. Half-maximal synthesis of hippurate was observed at 0.3 mmol/l benzoate. In the presence of 1 mmol/l benzoate, hippurate synthesis proceeded linearly with time at a rate of 40 +/- 10 mumol X h-1 X g-1 dry weight. This provided less than 10% of nitrogen epuration supported by concomitant urea synthesis (350 +/- 82 mumol X h-1 X g-1 dry weight). The incorporation of benzoate to hippurate was markedly limited by the availability of glycine. Half-maximal hippurate synthesis was observed at 2 mmol/l glycine. In the absence of glycine, piridoxilate, a glyoxylate derivative, markedly potentiated hippurate synthesis. Half-maximal stimulation was observed at 10 mmol/l piridoxilate. In the presence of 10 mmol/l piridoxilate, hippurate synthesis (420 +/- 35 mumol X h-1 X g-1 dry weight) provided more than 50% of nitrogen epuration supported by urea synthesis. It is concluded that supplementation with nitrogen-free analogues of glycine such as piridoxilate are required to potentiate hippurate synthesis in an attempt to replace ureagenesis as an alternative pathway of waste nitrogen excretion in inborn errors of urea synthesis.
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism; D000592:Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005998:Glycine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006038:Glyoxylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006626:Hippurates / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000652:urine; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009952:Ornithine / Q000378:metabolism; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014508:Urea / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D006038:Glyoxylates; D006626:Hippurates; C028494:piridoxylate; D014508:Urea; D009952:Ornithine; D011736:Pyridoxine; D000409:Alanine; D005998:Glycine