title: [Feeding very small premature infants with concentrated breast milk].
abstract: The use of concentrated breast milk was prospectively studied in 26 very small premature babies with a birth weight of 1,010-1,500 g. 57 premature babies of the same birth weight group born in the two preceding years and fed normal pooled breast milk served as a control group. Fresh breast milk was enriched using lyophilized breast milk yielding a calory content of 103 cal/100 ml. Early intermittent nasogastric feeding using this milk enabled full oral calory supply from the 5th day on. 130 ml/kg/day of enriched breast milk yields 134 cal/kg per day with somewhat less fat but more protein (2.8 g/kg vs 2.2 g/kg) and sodium (1.9 mmol vs 1.5 mmol) than 200 ml/kg/day of ordinary breast milk. About 50% of the study patients and the control group needed intensive care with mechanical ventilation. Mortality was 15% and 28%, respectively. Necrotizing enterocolitis was rare in both groups (3.3 vs 3.5%). Due to extragastric complications oral feeding had to be reduced in 18% (study group) and in 27% (ordinary breast milk), the most frequent indication was a patent ductus arteriosus with heart insufficiency. Postnatal weight gain was comparatively good with a mean increment of 112 g in the second and 150 g in the third week. Growth of body length during the first three weeks was on average 0.72 cm/week, head circumference increased 0.57 cm/week. However, in the control group similar results were noted. During the second week of life patients fed concentrated breast milk had somewhat higher plasma sodium und urea values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008895:Milk, Human; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011208:Powders; D014556:Urine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011208:Powders
vernacular_title: Ernährung des sehr kleinen Frühgeborenen mit konzentrierter Frauenmilch.