Alcohol use during pregnancy.
Heavy alcohol intake during pregnancy is associated with numerous adverse effects on the fetus, including low birth weight, congenital anomalies, mental retardation, and behavioral and learning disabilities. There is increasing evidence that moderate drinking also may cause these problems, but to a lesser degree. Less is known about the effects of a single drink or a single alcoholic binge, but no absolutely safe level of alcohol consumption has been determined for pregnant women.
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000209:etiology; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000437:Alcoholism; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000209:etiology; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000187:drug effects; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors