title: Long-term cultivation of certain rumen protozoa in a continuous fermentation system supplemented with sponge materials.
abstract: Inert polyurethane-sponge cubes were added to an 'artificial rumen' fermenter. With crushed barley as protozoal substrate this system maintained a population of Entodinia in both substrate bags and sponge cubes for 64 d in numbers (1 X 10(6)/ml) comparable with those found in vivo. This culture was more tolerant of variations in mechanical agitation and size and shape of substrate bags than a similar culture without the sponge cubes. The extent of protozoal sequestration, 2 h after feeding, on to the sponge cubes as well as on to acetone-treated hay was evaluated. The bags of acetone-treated hay and barley, and those of sponge cubes and barley could sequestrate the protozoa to the same extent as normal hay and barley. Based on the results of the short-term experiments and those of the long-term experiment with sponge cubes, a polyurethane-sponge wall was added to the inside of the fermenter. This system maintained a varied protozoal population including large protozoa, holotrichs and Entodinia with a normal fermentation. The molar percentages of butyrate in the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) in each part of the fermenter with a sponge wall were higher than those in a fermenter without a sponge wall, suggesting that there was high protozoal activity related to the sponge wall. These results show that the introduction of the sponge wall to the fermenter produced an enlargement of the area for protozoal sequestration and a suitable micro-habitat for the maintenance of Entodinia , large protozoa and holotrichs .
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000254:growth & development*; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D011161:Porifera; D012417:Rumen / Q000469:parasitology*