title: Endometrial changes after long-term use of continuous oestrogen and cyclic progestogen.
abstract: Eight women with primary failure of ovarian function and twelve women undergoing the climacteric were treated sequentially with oestradiol-oestriol and norethisterone acetate (Trisequens and Trisequens Forte, Novo). After a mean treatment period of 5 yr (range 3-8 yr) endometrial biopsies were taken on day 11 or 12 at the end of an oestrogen-only phase. All biopsies showed the presence of a proliferative endometrium without any signs of hyperplasia or carcinoma in situ. Although cyclic oestrogen therapy can cause hyperplasia, a small dose of a progestogen (norethisterone acetate 1 mg) for 10 days in a 28-day cycle can prevent hyperplasia of the endometrium during long-term treatment.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002979:Climacteric / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004964:Estriol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004958:Estradiol; C032040:Trisequens; D004964:Estriol; D009640:Norethindrone