title: Preconditioning programs for feeder cattle.
abstract: Over two-thirds of American feeder cattle originate in herds of less than 50 cows, and over 40% are finished in fewer than 200 feedlots . Preconditioning programs first originated in the late 1960's but did not become popular for another 10 years. A dozen states now have fairly uniform programs, with requirements involving certificates and ear tags, prior ownership, preweaning, dehorning, castration, grub/lice treatment, deworming and various vaccinations. Preconditioning programs have been criticized as not cost-effective, but proponents cite superior postweaning weight gains, enhanced sales, improved management, more uniform calves, and decreased morbidity and mortality.
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D014481:United States