Estimation of creatine kinase isoenzymes: the effects of caffeine and retinoic acid on CK levels in fetal mouse limbs.
Caffeine and retinoic acid were examined for effects upon limb morphogenesis and upon creatine kinase (CK) as a measure of limb myogenesis. Caffeine at 200 mg/kg, i.p., on E11 produced a low level of forelimb (1.2%) and hindlimb (2.0%) defects. Retinoic acid, at 50 mg/kg given orally as an oily suspension, induced a high level of reduction deformities. Hindlimbs (100%) were affected more than forelimbs (88%). Limbs (E16) were examined for CK isoenzymes using DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography. Untreated limbs had 88.04% skeletal muscle (MM), 6.98% hybrid (MB) and 5.08% brain (BB) CK isoenzyme. Caffeine had no effect. However, retinoic acid increased MM-CK to 92.67%, and decreased BB-CK to 2.24%. This is the first evidence that suggests that retinoic acid may modify the phenotypic expression of developing muscle.
D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000633:toxicity*; D002848:Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004588:Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate; D005121:Extremities / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000139:chemically induced; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000633:toxicity*
D007527:Isoenzymes; D013723:Teratogens; D002110:Caffeine; D014212:Tretinoin; D003402:Creatine Kinase