title: Two-year toxicity/carcinogenicity study of fresh-brewed coffee in rats initially exposed in utero.
abstract: Fresh-brewed regular coffee at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100% was consumed ad libitum as the sole fluid intake of F1 Sprague-Dawley rats (55 male and 55 female/group), derived from P0-treated females which were provided 50% coffee for about 5 weeks prior to copulation and throughout gestation and lactation. P0 males, P0 control females, and two groups of F1 control rats received tap water. Ten rats/sex/level were killed and examined after 1 year; survivors were killed after 2 years. Smaller mean body weights (50 and 100% coffee concentrations) occurred with increased feed and liquid consumption. Mean serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, BUN, and calcium values occasionally were elevated. Serum cholesterol levels at 2 years were elevated in males (25 and 100%) and at 1 and 2 years in females (100%). Bone calcium was slightly reduced in females consuming 25 or 100% coffee for 1 year, but not after 2 years. Treatment-related increases in relative weights of lungs, kidneys, liver, and epididymides were recorded. Significantly increased mortality was observed in females receiving 50 or 100% coffee. There also was some evidence of a relationship between coffee consumption and the number of primary tumor-bearing animals; however, this finding appeared ambiguous, dependent on the assumption that tumors were the probable cause of death.
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000032:analysis; D002110:Caffeine / Q000633:toxicity*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002273:Carcinogens; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D002110:Caffeine; D002118:Calcium