title: Effects of ingestion of chlorocholine chloride and cyclophosphamide on Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infections in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).
abstract: We investigated the effects of chlorocholine chloride (CCC), a plant growth regulator, and cyclophosphamide (CP), a known immunosuppressant, on the ability of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) to resist challenge with a sublethal dose of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ( VEEV ). The toxicants were continuously delivered in low doses in the feed; CP at 20 mg/kg body wt/day and CCC at 1, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg body wt/day. Mice were inoculated with 3 X 10(4) plaque forming units (pfu) of VEEV after eating experimental feed for 23 days. Mice were bled daily for 7 days and at selected intervals from 8 to 63 days post inoculation (PI) for viremia and antibody titer determinations. CP treatment increased the duration of viremia and significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) decreased mean viremia titers. Antibody titers were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) depressed in CP-treated mice compared to controls. CP treatment increased mortality. CCC had no effect on viremia duration or titer except when given in doses of 1 mg/kg body wt/day when it significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) decreased mean viremia titers compared to controls. Early antibody responses were increased by CCC treatment except in the 10 mg/kg body wt/day treatment group in which titers were decreased. By 30 days PI antibody titers of CCC-treated mice were no different from controls.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D002716:Chlormequat / Q000633:toxicity*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D004683:Encephalomyelitis, Equine / Q000276:immunology*; D004685:Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D010542:Peromyscus; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000633:toxicity*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002716:Chlormequat