title: Studies on precursor proteins PIVKA-II, -IX, and -X in the plasma of patients with 'hemorrhagic disease of the newborn'.
abstract: Factors II, IX, and X in the plasmas of 10 patients with 'hemorrhagic disease of the newborn' were investigated by means of electroimmunoassay and crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). The biological activity was within 4.2-30 U/dl for factor II, 5.1-20 U/dl for factor IX, and 5.2-24 U/dl for factor X, whereas the immunological antigen was within 33-58, 25-50, and 35-60 U/dl, respectively. Thus, for all factors, 1.7 times more antigen than activity was present. The CIE pattern of factors II and IX in the presence of Ca++ ions clearly showed a biphasic precipitin arc, and in the absence of Ca++ ions, only one precipitin arc was observed. These results implied the presence of precursor proteins PIVKA-II and -IX in the plasma. However, even in the presence of Ca++ ions the CIE pattern of factor X antigen in the patient plasmas only showed a single precipitin arc with a slightly faster than normal electrophoretic mobility. PIVKA-II, -IX, and the abnormal factor X antigen (PIVKA-X) disappeared within 24 h after the patients were treated with vitamin K.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D005164:Factor IX / Q000032:analysis*; D005170:Factor X / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007123:Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood*; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000032:analysis*; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006475:Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014812:Vitamin K; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D011516:Prothrombin; D005164:Factor IX; D005170:Factor X