title: Breast reconstruction without skin flaps.
abstract: The development of reliable flaps has made breast reconstruction possible for virtually any patient who has had a mastectomy. However, most breast reconstructions are performed with implants, without flaps. The authors give examples of the use of implants alone without flaps, in situations usually thought to require flaps.
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000601:surgery*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps