Development of different electrophysiological mechanisms for muscarinic inhibition of atria and ventricles.
The negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine (ACh) in atrial muscle can be accounted for by a decrease of a voltage- and time-dependent slow inward current (Isi) carried by Ca2+/Na+ and an increase of outward time-dependent current carried by K+ (IK1) through inwardly rectifying channels. The negative inotropic effect of ACh in ventricular muscle is associated with a reduction of Isi; there is no important effect of ACh on IK1 in ventricular muscle. Because atrial and ventricular muscles display IK1 that is sensitive to Ba2+ and have similar numbers of muscarinic receptor sites, it is concluded that ventricular muscle lacks a metabolic link between the muscarinic receptor and inwardly rectifying K+ channels. Although there is much evidence for cyclic nucleotides as the mediator between muscarinic receptors and Isi channels, cyclic nucleotides do not seem to connect these receptors with inwardly rectifying K+ channels. According to this hypothesis, identification of a metabolic link between muscarinic receptors and IK1 channels should be demonstrable in atrial but not ventricular muscle.
D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D016275:Atrial Function; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000187:drug effects; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology*; D016276:Ventricular Function
D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D000109:Acetylcholine; D002118:Calcium