title: Percutaneous extraction of upper urinary tract calculi.
abstract: Renal calculi less than 8-9 mm in diameter and ureteral calculi of various sizes can be removed intact using fluoroscopic guidance without the need for endoscopy. Advantages of percutaneous stone extraction include a shorter hospital stay, decreased cost, and avoidance of general anesthesia. When compared with fragmentation techniques, percutaneous extraction appears to be the treatment of choice for urinary tract calculi amenable to this technique.
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000293:injuries; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D007902:Length of Stay; D011292:Premedication; D011677:Punctures; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents