title: Maximum-distention retrograde urethrocystography in healthy male dogs: occurrence of vesicoureteral reflux.
abstract: Twenty-four healthy, mature male Beagles were examined radiographically for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) by maximum-distention retrograde urethrocystography. Bilateral VUR was observed in 9 dogs and unilateral VUR was observed in 3 dogs. The VUR occurred when the bladder was full or nearly full when maximum bladder filling was defined by trigonal-prostatic urethral dilation. The refluxed contrast medium reached the renal pelves in all but 3 of the 21 affected ureters.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004285:Dogs; D007482:Iothalamate Meglumine; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D014513:Ureter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D001466:Barium Sulfate; D007482:Iothalamate Meglumine