title: Vietnam veterans' risks for fathering babies with birth defects.
abstract: Vietnam veterans' risks for fathering babies with major structural birth defects were assessed using a case-control study. Information regarding military service in Vietnam was obtained from interviews with mothers and fathers of babies in case and control groups and from review of military records. Vietnam veterans, in general, did not have an increased risk of fathering babies with defects (all types combined; relative risk estimate, 0.97). Vietnam veterans who had greater estimated opportunities for Agent Orange exposure did not seem to be at greater risk for fathering babies with all types of defects combined. However, for a few specific types of defects the estimated risks were higher for subgroups of Vietnam veterans that may have had a greater likelihood of exposure to Agent Orange. These seemingly higher risks could be chance events, the result of some experience in the Vietnam service of the father, or the result of some other unidentified risk factor.
mesh_terms: D015085:2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000075182:Agent Orange; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004147:Dioxins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D044469:Racial Groups; D012306:Risk; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans; D014744:Vietnam
chemical_list: D004147:Dioxins; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D000075182:Agent Orange; D015085:2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid