Experimental delayed hypersensitivity following inhalation of dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate: a concentration-response relationship.
Exposure of workers to low-molecular-weight chemicals has been associated with delayed-onset hypersensitivity reactions in both the skin and the respiratory tract. The use of two animal models to examine factors affecting the production of delayed hypersensitivity to dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (HMDI) is described. Guinea pigs were exposed to HMDI by a "head-only" method and mice in a "nose-only" procedure. All animals were subsequently tested for dermal sensitivity by topical challenge with the isocyanate. In both species, a concentration-response relationship and "no-effect" concentration was observed between chamber concentration of HMDI and (a) severity of the dermal response and (b) number of animals responding. Guinea pigs developed skin sensitivity following inhalation of 3 micrograms/liter or greater HMDI for 2 hr/day on 3 consecutive days. Inhalation of 1.25 micrograms/liter did not result in sensitization. Contact sensitivity was detected in BALB/cBy mice following inhalation of 17 micrograms/liter or greater HMDI. No reactions occurred as a result of exposure to 7 micrograms/liter or less HMDI. Dermal contact of the head, as would occur during inhalation exposures, also resulted in contact sensitization. Identification of the concentration-response relationship for contact sensitization following inhalation exposure implies that safe exposure levels can be proposed to prevent cases of dermal sensitization to HMDI.
D000336:Aerosols; D000485:Allergens; D000818:Animals; D003485:Cyanates / Q000633:toxicity*; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000209:etiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004431:Ear, External; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012882:Skin Tests / Q000379:methods
D000336:Aerosols; D000485:Allergens; D003485:Cyanates; C013606:methylene bis(4-cyclohexylisocyanate)