title: Anti-arrhythmic effects of (-)-carnitine chloride and its acetyl analogue on canine late ventricular arrhythmia induced by ligation of the coronary artery as related to improvement of mitochondrial function.
abstract: Using the two-stage coronary ligation method, first described by Harris, (1950), anti-arrhythmic effects (AAE) of (-)-carnitine chloride (LCC) and acetyl (-)-carnitine chloride (ALCC) were studied in conscious unrestrained dogs in comparison with those of disopyramide (D). Two-stage ligation of the coronary artery resulted in a significant decrease in the myocardial free carnitine content. Intravenous administration of LCC (300 mg kg-1) and D (5 mg kg-1) suppressed the ventricular arrhythmia induced by coronary ligation after 24 hours. ALCC (300 mg kg-1) was found to be less potent. An improvement of the mitochondrial function (respiratory control index (RCI) and oxidative phosphorylation rate (OPR) ) was noted with LCC and ALCC and there was a linear correlation between AAE expressed as reduction of arrhythmic ratio and improvement in the OPR, whereas there was no improvement in mitochondrial function after D. Plasma carnitine concentration was increased after administration of LCC, attaining the value of around 8 mM at 10 min after 300 mg kg-1. At 60 min, the plasma carnitine concentration was still about half as high as at 10 min. After ALCC, both acetyl carnitine and free carnitine were found in the plasma. The concentration of the former was decreased after attaining a peak value of around 0.2 mM at 10 min, while the plasma concentration of free carnitine was gradually increased. The anti-arrhythmic effects of LCC and ALCC were ascribed to the improvement of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, while effects other than the improvement of the mitochondrial activity were suggested as mechanisms of anti-arrhythmic effects of D.
mesh_terms: D000108:Acetylcarnitine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000108:Acetylcarnitine; D002331:Carnitine