title: Estimation of creatine kinase isoenzymes: the effects of caffeine and retinoic acid on CK levels in fetal mouse limbs.
abstract: Caffeine and retinoic acid were examined for effects upon limb morphogenesis and upon creatine kinase (CK) as a measure of limb myogenesis. Caffeine at 200 mg/kg, i.p., on E11 produced a low level of forelimb (1.2%) and hindlimb (2.0%) defects. Retinoic acid, at 50 mg/kg given orally as an oily suspension, induced a high level of reduction deformities. Hindlimbs (100%) were affected more than forelimbs (88%). Limbs (E16) were examined for CK isoenzymes using DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography. Untreated limbs had 88.04% skeletal muscle (MM), 6.98% hybrid (MB) and 5.08% brain (BB) CK isoenzyme. Caffeine had no effect. However, retinoic acid increased MM-CK to 92.67%, and decreased BB-CK to 2.24%. This is the first evidence that suggests that retinoic acid may modify the phenotypic expression of developing muscle.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000633:toxicity*; D002848:Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004588:Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate; D005121:Extremities / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000139:chemically induced; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D013723:Teratogens; D002110:Caffeine; D014212:Tretinoin; D003402:Creatine Kinase