title: Computed tomography with histopathologic correlation in children with leukokoria.
abstract: Computed tomography (CT) constitutes a major advance in noninvasive diagnostic investigation of children with leukokoria , especially where media opacities preclude adequate visualization of the posterior segment, and, performed in conjunction with other studies such as diagnostic ultrasonography, has significantly improved diagnostic accuracy. Although retinoblastoma, the commonest life-threatening cause of leukokoria , usually presents with characteristic CT findings of intraocular calcification, during extraocular extension, the orbital portions of the tumor are non-calcific and contrast dramatically with the intraocular portion. Currently CT is also the best available technique for diagnosis of trilateral retinoblastoma. Computed tomographic features of several types of pseudogliomas (a collective term for lesions commonly mistaken for retinoblastomas) are also discussed with histopathologic correlation. In persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, a conical density in CT corresponded to detached and dysplastic retina. A high density layered opacity corresponded to subretinal blood. In Coats' disease and sclerosing endophthalmitis homogenous intraocular CT density corresponds to vitreous and subretinal exudates radiologically indistinguishable from non-calcific retinoblastoma. Long-standing retinal detachments in children occasionally presenting with leukokoria showed subtle homogenous intraocular densities on CT.
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed