Muscle mutability. Part 2. Adaptation to drugs, metabolic factors, and aging.
Muscle fibers undergo changes in response to a variety of stimuli. This review examines metabolic, endocrine, and pharmacological factors that lead to alterations in muscle structure and function. These various stimuli may be considered nonphysical. This review also examines the interaction between physical stimuli (eg, exercise) and hormonal influences (eg, diabetes) on muscle. It is suggested that physical stimuli may often have a more potent effect on muscle than do nonphysical stimuli.
D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000150:complications; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D010807:Physical Endurance; D051381:Rats; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D000431:Ethanol; D013006:Growth Hormone