Teratogenesis of the horseshoe crab by alpha-lipoic amide (6,8-thioctic amide) in marketed vitamin tablets.
Some marketed vitamin tablets induce defects and fusion of body segments and appendages in the developing horseshoe crab. alpha-Lipoic amide may be responsible for the induction, and the other vitamins are probably not directly responsible. alpha-Lipoic acid also induces the same malformations. It is presumed that alpha-lipoic amide and alpha-lipoic acid inhibit thioldisulphide exchange and this inhibition disturbs the morphogenetic movement. As a result, the monsters may be induced by treatment with vitamin tablets.
D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006737:Horseshoe Crabs / Q000187:drug effects*; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital; D008297:Male; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology*
D014815:Vitamins; D008063:Thioctic Acid; C013091:lipoamide