title: Acupuncture anesthesia in neurosurgery.
abstract: This paper explores the method of acupuncture anesthesia in craniocerebral operations: selection of cases and preoperative management; selection of acupuncture points and adjustment of stimulus parameters; preoperative administration of drugs and choice of proper adjuvants during the operation; and problems existing in craniocerebral operations during the application of acupuncture anesthesia and their countermeasures. The "triple contrary effects" of acupuncture anesthesia are considered, namely: anti-pain or analgesia, anti-shock, and anti-infection. How acupuncture activates the analgesic effects of the organism is discussed: the spinal afferent pathway for the needling sensations; the role of the caudate nucleus in acupuncture analgesia; and the co-relationship between endorphin in the cerebrospinal fluid and acupuncture analgesia.
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D001921:Brain / Q000601:surgery*; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D004723:Endorphins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control; D008875:Middle Aged; D012677:Sensation; D012769:Shock / Q000517:prevention & control; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004723:Endorphins