Genotoxicity of safrole-related chemicals in microbial test systems.
The genotoxicity of safrole, 9 compounds that are structurally similar to safrole (anethole, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, estragole, methyl eugenol, eugenol, isoeugenol, isosafrole, piperonal), 5 essential oils, cassia oil, cinnamon bark oil, clove oil, fennel oil) which contain the chemicals tested, and 1 oleoresin was studies in 3 microbial test systems. Only anethole showed mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella reversion assay. All chemicals except anethole, estragole and isosafrole were positive in the Bacillus subtilis DNA-repair test (Rec assay) without S9. All samples tested were negative in the Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA reversion test. The essential oils and pimenta oleoresin were positive in the DNA-repair test. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the nature of the problems encountered with each test method.
D000433:1-Propanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000818:Animals; D000840:Anisoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology; D052117:Benzodioxoles; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005054:Eugenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020005:Propanols; D051381:Rats; D012451:Safrole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects
D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D052117:Benzodioxoles; D004149:Dioxoles; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D020005:Propanols; C005223:methyleugenol; D005054:Eugenol; D000433:1-Propanol; C007633:estragole; C005454:piperonal; C006578:anethole; D012451:Safrole; C020722:cinnamyl alcohol; C015959:isosafrole