Characteristics of a lipid preparation (lipid A) from Haemophilus influenzae type a lipopolysaccharide.
Mild hydrolysis of Haemophilus influenzae type a lipopolysaccharide by ion exchangers yielded a lipid A extracted by chloroform. It contained phosphorus, glucosamine, and fatty acids. Myristic, palmitic, 3-hydroxymyristic, and oleic acids and two other unidentified long-chain fatty acids were found. The free lipid A was not toxic for mice at doses of up to 50 mg/kg and did not provoke a Shwartzman reaction. The Limulus test activity was positive up to 10(-12) g/ml, but the pyrogenicity in rabbits was lower than with the original lipopolysaccharide. However, the lipid A did induced a mitogenic response and polyclonal B-cell activation in mouse spleen cell cultures. Complexing lipid A with bovine serum albumin gave a nontoxic preparation which lost these immunological activities. Immunochemical studies showed that the major reactive determinants of this lipid-protein complex were altered after such a linkage. Consequently, the nontoxic and mitogenic lipid A isolated from H. influenzae type a did not exhibit all of the classical activities of lipid A preparations.
D000818:Animals; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000032:analysis*; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D008033:Limulus Test; D008050:Lipid A / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000032:analysis*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D012790:Shwartzman Phenomenon
D005227:Fatty Acids; D008050:Lipid A; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides