title: Tests of thyroid function important to the ophthalmologist.
abstract: The most useful tests to establish a diagnosis of endocrine exophthalmos are the following: To prove that thyroid gland activity is increased: serum T3 and T4 assays. To demonstrate immunologic abnormalities: thyroid antibody testing and the TDA test. To demonstrate an abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis: the TRH test. To demonstrate enlarged ocular muscles: orbital ultrasonography and computerized tomography.
mesh_terms: D000917:Antibody Formation; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000175:diagnosis; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine