title: Effect of chloride withdrawal on the geometry of the T-tubules in amphibian and mammalian muscle.
abstract: The relative chloride permeabilities of the T-tubule membranes in mammalian (rat sternomastoid) and amphibian (toad sartorius) skeletal muscle fibers have been assessed from the change in volume of the T-tubules during chloride withdrawal from fibers exposed to low extracellular chloride concentrations. A 3.5- to 4.2-fold increase in T-tubule volume was found in mammalian fibers, and this was shown to be independent of the composition of the low chloride solution or the nature of the fixative used in preparation for electron microscopy. The increase in T-tubule volume was transient and was inhibited by factors which block chloride conductance, i.e., low pH, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and nitrate ions. A small increase (1.48-fold) in T-tubule volume was seen in amphibian fibers when chloride ions were replaced by sulphate ions. No increase in volume was observed in amphibian T-tubules when methyl sulphate ions replaced chloride ions. The results support the idea that the chloride permeability of the T-tubule membrane is significantly higher in mammalian fibers than in amphibian fibers.
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002024:Bufo marinus; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009132:Muscles / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013045:Species Specificity; D013463:Sulfuric Acid Esters / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D009566:Nitrates; D013463:Sulfuric Acid Esters; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; C033522:methyl sulfate