title: Advances in sensory aids for the hearing-impaired: visual and vibrotactile aids.
abstract: An informal sketch is given of the background and current status of research on electronic aids designed to convert speech into visual or tactile patterns in order to alleviate problems of speech reception and speech production by the hearing-impaired. The functions and problems of the major types of such aids are briefly described and literature references are given.
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003201:Computers; D003638:Deafness / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005139:Eyeglasses; D006801:Humans; D008085:Lipreading; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D012682:Sensory Aids; D013018:Sound Spectrography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014110:Touch; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000628:therapy