title: An intravenous technique for the measurement of cerebral vascular extraction fraction in the rat.
abstract: An intravenous injection method to measure cerebral vascular extraction fractions of highly diffusible substances in the rat is described. The brain extraction fractions of 3H-labeled water (Ew) and ethanol (Ee) were defined as the ratio of either of those tracers to the freely diffusible reference tracer, 14C-butanol, in the brain, divided by the ratio of the tracers available for the extraction during the time between simultaneous intravenous injection of the tracers and decapitation of the rat. Ew and Ee were measured in five regions of brain, including brainstem and cerebellum, under PaCO2 conditions ranging from 15 to 85 mm Hg. The extraction fractions for both test tracers were shown to vary with PaCO2-induced flow changes according to the equation, ln(1 - E) = -PS/F. When PS/F values calculated from regional measurements of Ew and Ee were plotted versus PaCO2, least squares regression equations of the plots could be used to compare permeabilities of both tracers at any given PaCO2 value. Ratios of the permeabilities of water and ethanol varied regionally but were relatively constant in a given region under different flow states. This intravenous injection method allows for accurate measurement of the extraction fractions of even highly diffusible tracers under varied flow conditions in all brain regions regardless of arterial blood supply.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D000431:Ethanol; D006985:Hyperventilation / Q000503:physiopathology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D010313:Partial Pressure; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013997:Time Factors; D014316:Tritium; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D014316:Tritium; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000431:Ethanol