title: Breath-by-breath analysis of expiratory gas concentration in chickens.
abstract: Expiratory oxygen and carbon-dioxide concentration were analysed breath by breath in order to examine their wave forms in adult awake hens restrained in various postural positions, including supine, prone and sitting positions. Expired gas was collected at the nostril in almost all the hens. In the sitting position free from vocalization, feeding, drinking, panting, and restlessness, hens showed various forms of stable pattern of oxygen-gas curves. These forms were classified into three types, or the ascending, flat and descending types, with respect to the plateau inclination. The waves of carbon-dioxide were not always a mirror image of those of oxygen. The rate of occurrence of each type varied with the hen's postural position. The wave form was altered with the experimental body-rotation of the hen. When placed between the deflections of stable pattern, the episodes of wave deformation resembling that seen at the time of uneven pulmonary ventilation in mammals could frequently be observed in any hen's posture examined. Cardiogenic oscillation appeared on the plateau of expired-gas curves.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis*; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011187:Posture; D012119:Respiration; D012149:Restraint, Physical
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen