title: The value of "routine tests" in the staging evaluation of gynecologic malignancies: a cost effectiveness analysis.
abstract: The value of tests employed in the clinical staging of patients with carcinomas of the cervix and endometrium has been examined in a retrospective review of 739 consecutive patients seen at Tufts-New England Medical Center. The yield of positive results of the barium enema (0%) and proctosigmoidoscopy (0.8%) in carcinoma of the cervix suggests that some of these studies may be omitted in asymptomatic patients with early disease on pelvic examinations. Similarly, for carcinoma of the endometrium, the yields from barium enema (0.9%) cytoscopy (0.9%) and proctosigmoidoscopy (0.6) are low. It is concluded that optimal patient care (with respect to morbidity and costs) may be provided without routinely performing these studies in staging asymptomatic patients with cervical and endometrial carcinomas.
mesh_terms: D001466:Barium Sulfate; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000191:economics; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012812:Sigmoidoscopy / Q000191:economics; D014567:Urography / Q000191:economics; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D001466:Barium Sulfate