Mutagenic effects of two nitrofuran food preservatives.
Two structurally related food additives, 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylic acid (5-NFAA) and 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (AF-2) showed a marked mutagenic effect on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA98 and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA+ and WP2 uvrA. On the molar basis 5-NFAA was about two orders of magnitude less effective than AF-2. In Salmonella typhimurium TA100 anaerobic conditions stimulated the mutagenic effect of 5-NFAA which was more pronounced in nitrofuran-reductase deficient strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA100 FR50. 5-NFAA increased the number of isoleucine revertants and induced mitotic recombination at tryptophan, threonine and adenine loci of the diploid strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae a/b and Saccharomyces cerevisiae SBTD. Activity of 5-NFAA was lower than that of AF-2. The test on sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster indicated that only 5-NFAA is mutagenic, increasing the mutation frequency about 10-fold above the control. Results with AF-2 fell within the control range.
D000179:Acrylates / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000633:toxicity*; D005668:Furylfuramide / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D009153:Mutagens; D009154:Mutation; D009581:Nitrofurans / Q000633:toxicity*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects
D000179:Acrylates; D005520:Food Preservatives; D009153:Mutagens; D009581:Nitrofurans; D005668:Furylfuramide; C222012:nitrofurylacrylic acid