title: Fatal epistaxis in craniofacial trauma.
abstract: Facial trauma often results in minor and infrequently results in major bleeding in the structures of the face. We have recently observed two patients who suffered fatal hemorrhages which could have been controlled using relatively simple measures. Treating physicians often overlook this serious and potentially life-threatening source of hemorrhage until the patient has been in shock for long periods of time and irreversible ischemic brain damage and renal failure have occurred. With careful attention to examination of the face and oropharynx, hemorrhage from these sites can be identified early and the appropriate measures taken to control epistaxis.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications*; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000209:etiology; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000209:etiology; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D013630:Tampons, Surgical