title: Low thoracic epidural anaesthesia for elective cholecystectomy in a patient with congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: A 52-year-old male with pulmonary hypertension secondary to partial anomalous pulmonary venous return unassociated with atrial septal defect was given thoracic epidural anaesthesia for elective cholecystectomy. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by increased pulmonary blood flow which in severe cases results in pulmonary hypertension subjecting the right ventricle to strain. An epidural catheter was placed at the T11-T12 interspace and anaesthesia was established to the T4 dermatomal level with bupivacaine (180 mg) and lidocaine (100 mg). Central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, radial artery pressure, and cardiac output were monitored. There was minimal change in pulmonary arterial pressure, although there was a significant drop in systemic arterial pressure. Thoracic epidural block is recommended for upper abdominal surgery in clinical situations with pulmonary hypertension.
mesh_terms: D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk