title: Studies on the degranulation test for carcinogens.
abstract: The radiometric assay of degranulation of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum by chemical carcinogens has been re-examined. Both 1,2,3,4,- and 1,25,6-dibenzanthracenes caused degranulation of rough membranes in vitro; with acetamidofluorenes and naphthylamines the carcinogenic analogues caused moderately greater degranulation. Degranulation by 1,2,3,4-dibenzantracene was rapid and was maximal after 5 min incubation. Pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital or methylcholanthrene increased the fraction of rough membranes, but these were not fully granulated. The assay is limited in specificity and sensitivity because the 1.35 M sucrose gradient does not effectively separate rough and smooth membranes, and sedimented membranes are contaminated with aggregates of free ribosomes.
mesh_terms: D015057:1-Naphthylamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015073:2-Acetylaminofluorene / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D015081:2-Naphthylamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001551:Benz(a)Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D001681:Biological Assay; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D001551:Benz(a)Anthracenes; D002273:Carcinogens; D005449:Fluorenes; C016365:dibenzanthracenes; D015057:1-Naphthylamine; D015073:2-Acetylaminofluorene; D015081:2-Naphthylamine; C028676:4-acetylaminofluorene; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide