title: Reflex activation of postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurones supplying skeletal muscle by stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors via non-nicotinic synaptic mechanisms in sympathetic ganglia.
abstract: Postganglionic sympathetic neurones supplying skeletal muscle and skin can be activated from the preganglionic site via cholinergic nicotinic, muscarinic and noncholinergic synaptic mechanisms. The experiments described in this paper were designed in order to show that postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurones supplying skeletal muscle can be activated by the naturally occurring discharge pattern in preganglionic axons when the nicotinic transmission is blocked. For this purpose, the activity was recorded simultaneously from postganglionic vasoconstrictor axons supplying skeletal muscle and vasoconstrictor axons supplying hairy skin. The preganglionic neurones were driven reflexly by stimulation of the arterial chemoreceptors. 1) During blockade of nicotinic transmission muscle vasoconstrictor neurones were activated via the CNS during stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors. This activation is either generated by muscarinic action of released acetylcholine or by a noncholinergic synaptic mechanism. 2) Postganglionic cutaneous vasoconstrictor neurones were inhibited during stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors. During blockade of cholinergic nicotinic transmission these neurones were not activated reflexly by stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors although they received inputs via cholinergic muscarinic and noncholinergic synaptic mechanisms. 3) The results illustrate that postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurones supplying skeletal muscle can not only be activated via non-nicotinic synaptic mechanisms through synchronous repetitive electrical stimulation of preganglionic axons but also by the discharge pattern produced in preganglionic neurones during stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000294:innervation*; D001340:Autonomic Nerve Block; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002415:Cats; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000502:physiology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009132:Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine