title: Clinical effect and pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim-sulphadiazine in children with urinary tract infections.
abstract: The clinical effect and pharmacokinetics of the combination trimethoprim (TMP)-sulphadiazine (SD) were studied in 18 children with acute urinary tract infections (UTI), aged 2-56 months. A suspension of TMP-SD (9 + 41 mg/ml) was taken orally twice daily for 10 days. Various doses of TMP (2.9-3.7 mg/kg/day) and SD (12.9-16.7 mg/kg/day) were also given to children of different ages. After 2-4 days of treatment, bacterial cultures of urine were negative and C-reactive protein in serum, WBC count and ESR in all patients had become normal. Steady state serum levels for both components were reached after 4 or more days of treatment. At steady state, mean peak serum concentrations of TMP and SD of 1.4 micrograms/ml and 27 micrograms/ml, respectively, were found within 2-4 h after a fasting morning dose. The biological half-lives of TMP and SD were of the same order of magnitude, but the total clearance of TMP was 5 times greater than that of SD. The concentrations of TMP-SD in urine were invariably more than 10 times the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for the causative organisms (tested at the ratios 1:20 and 1:4 of TMP and SD). Non-metabolized SD constituted 77% of total SD in urine of infants, and 55% of total SD in children of 1 year or more. The TMP-SD combination showed a satisfactory clinical effect and favourable pharmacokinetic properties in children with UTI.
mesh_terms: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004338:Drug Combinations / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013411:Sulfadiazine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013411:Sulfadiazine; D014295:Trimethoprim; C024873:sulfadiazine, trimethoprim drug combination; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides