title: Comparison of the effects of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and cyclophosphamide on micronucleus incidence in bone marrow and colon.
abstract: An in vivo micronucleus assay has been developed that utilizes colonic epithelial cells. The genotoxic effects of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (54-07-3), a colon carcinogen, and of the nitrogen mustard, cyclophosphamide (50-18-0), on the bone-marrow polychromatic erythrocytes and on colonic epithelium from mice were compared using micronucleus induction in each organ as the end point. In the bone marrow, cyclophosphamide was a potent inducer of micronuclei, while 1,2-dimethylhydrazine administration had little effect on the micronucleus incidence. In the colon, 1,2-diemthylhydrazine was an effective inducer of micronuclei. Thus, the colonic micronucleus assay appears to be a potentially useful test for the detection of colon carcinogens.
mesh_terms: D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003106:Colon / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004127:Dimethylhydrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008466:Mechlorethamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008763:Methylhydrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004127:Dimethylhydrazines; D008763:Methylhydrazines; D008466:Mechlorethamine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine