title: Quantitation of serum immunoglobulins.
abstract: This article reviews critically the current "state of the art" in the quantitation of immunoglobulins in serum and other body fluids. The methodologies reviewed include (a) those occurring in solution, for example, automated immunoprecipitin and laser nephelometric techniques, rate analysis techniques and radioimmunoassays; (b) techniques involving radial diffusion in agarose gels, with and without secondary development steps; and (c) those techniques involving solid supports, such as fluoroimmunometric assays and solid phase radioimmunoassays. The theory of each technique is presented with an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses, particularly sources of error, and the techniques are compared in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, test cost, equipment cost, feasibility for use in different laboratory settings, and ease of handling. Problems associated with the antisera used, with standards, and with quality controls are discussed and solutions suggested.
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000032:analysis; D003378:Counterimmunoelectrophoresis / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D005779:Immunodiffusion / Q000379:methods; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis*; D007158:Immunologic Techniques / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D007834:Lasers; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011234:Precipitins / Q000032:analysis; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D011864:Radioimmunosorbent Test / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D011234:Precipitins