title: Lithotomy of intrahepatic and choledochal stones with Yag laser.
abstract: Eight patients with intrahepatic bile duct stones and three with choledochal stones were treated by Yag laser using a choledochofiberscope. A choledochoscope was inserted through a T-tube fistula in five patients or a percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage fistula in six patients. In one patient, right partial lobectomy of the liver was performed after most of the stones were withdrawn, since some stones in the extremely narrow bile duct had not been removed. Most of the intrahepatic bile duct stones and choledochal stones will be withdrawn using the Yag laser and a choledochofiberscope, when they were bilirubin stones.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001663:Bilirubin; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D042882:Gallstones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006500:Hepatic Duct, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D001663:Bilirubin