title: Urothelial carcinoma after cyclophosphamide therapy.
abstract: We report a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder after cyclophosphamide therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Urologic evaluation and histologic confirmation occurred only after low grade tumor cells were identified in multiple urine samples. Malignant cells can be distinguished from drug effect in urinary specimens from patients treated with cyclophosphamide and all such cases should include regular cytologic evaluations.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007945:Leukemia, Lymphoid / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide