Potentiation of oxygen toxicity in rats by dietary protein or amino acid deficiency.
Rats fed 3% casein diets for 6 days showed an increased susceptibility to greater than 98% oxygen [mean survival time 46.9 +/- 4.1 (SD) h] compared with animals fed 25% casein diets (mean survival time 60 +/- 5 h). The 3% casein diet did not reduce the responses to hyperoxia of lung glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase (NAD(P)H), which maintain tissue levels of reduced glutathione or lung superoxide dismutase levels. While supplementation of the 3% casein diet with the sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine, cystine, or methionine) prevented the increased oxygen toxicity, supplementation with leucine, a nonsulfur-containing amino acid, had no effect on potentiation of toxicity. Animals fed the unsupplemented 3% casein diet failed to show an elevation of lung glutathione in response to hyperoxia. When the 3% casein diet was supplemented with cysteine, total lung glutathione levels increased normally during oxygen exposure. Supplementation of the 25% protein diet with cysteine did not further protect these animals. We conclude that potentiation of oxygen toxicity by dietary protein deficiency in the rat is due to the low sulfur-containing amino acid content of the diet; the mechanism of increased toxicity by hyperoxia is probably related to an inability to increase glutathione levels due to a shortage of the cysteine component of the glutathione tripeptide.
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000172:deficiency*; D000603:Amino Acids, Sulfur / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004798:Enzymes / Q000032:analysis; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D008168:Lung / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D010100:Oxygen / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
D000596:Amino Acids; D000603:Amino Acids, Sulfur; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004798:Enzymes; D005978:Glutathione; D010100:Oxygen