title: Theobromine metabolism and pharmacokinetics in pregnant and nonpregnant Sprague-Dawley rats.
abstract: The plasma kinetics of po administered theobromine (TBR) were determined in timed-pregnant (P) and nonpregnant (NP) Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg using TBR sodium acetate with 10 microCi [8-14C]TBR as a radioactive tracer. Since plasma radioactivity consisted of greater than 99% TBR and less than 1% metabolites as shown by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods, liquid scintillation counting was used to quantify plasma TBR. No dose-dependent kinetics were observed in mean TBR plasma half-life, volume of distribution, systemic clearance, area under the curve-dose normalized, or time to reach maximum plasma concentration in either P or NP rats. The kinetic parameters of P rats were strikingly similar to NP rats at all TBR dosage levels employed. Analysis of urinary metabolites by HPLC and a radioactivity monitoring system after a single po TBR dose of 5 and 100 mg/kg with 10 microCi [8-14C] TBR revealed similar qualitative metabolic patterns in P and NP rats. Compounds identified in the urine were TBR (39 to 62%), 6-amino-5-[N-methylformylamino]-1-methyluracil (20 to 32%), 3-methylxanthine and 7-methylxanthine (8 to 15%), 3,7-dimethyluric acid (5 to 10%), and 7-methyluric acid (5 to 7%).
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007700:Kinetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013805:Theobromine / Q000378:metabolism*; D013806:Theophylline / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013806:Theophylline; D013805:Theobromine