title: Clinical experience with pediatric urolithiasis.
abstract: Our clinical experience with 47 pediatric patients with stones is reviewed. Surgical therapy was standard with successful stone manipulation in 12 of 13 patients. In 91 per cent of our patients factors causing or predisposing to stone disease were discovered. A thorough metabolic evaluation, including an oral calcium loading test in 20 children, proved to be helpful. A new patient subgroup relating unexplained hematuria to eventual stone formation is described. Our protocol for metabolic evaluation and recommendations for treatment based on the results of such an evaluation are given. We have found the metabolic evaluation of the child with stones meaningful and particularly helpful in planning subsequent therapy for these patients.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000002:abnormalities
chemical_list: D002129:Calcium Oxalate