title: Influence of sex, age, and smoking habits on the urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid.
abstract: Reference values for urinary D-glucaric acid and the influence of sex, age and smoking habits were evaluated with a low-pH enzymatic method. D-Glucaric acid measured on spot urine samples from 573 healthy subjects gave mean concentrations (mumol/1) and D-glucaric acid/creatinine ratios (mmol/mol creatinine) of 56.1 (+/- 22.9) and 3.05 (+/- 0.99) for males and 53.3 (+/- 20.9) and 3.35 (+/- 0.95) for females. No difference between morning and evening was observed for urinary D-glucaric acid/1 values, but D-glucaric acid/creatinine was higher in the evening samples for both sexes. There was a negative correlation between D-glucaric acid/1 values and age in males but not in females: the decrease of D-glucaric acid concentration was, however, quantitatively very small. Smoking produced a significant increase in D-glucaric acid concentration and in the D-glucaric acid/creatinine ratio for males and also partially for females.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005937:Glucaric Acid / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013400:Sugar Acids / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D013400:Sugar Acids; D003404:Creatinine; D005937:Glucaric Acid