title: Autonomic neuropathy: the diagnosis.
abstract: The diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy is often difficult to establish, since clinical symptoms generally appear late in the course of the disease, and may be non-specific. A number of recently developed quantifiable and reproducible autonomic nerve function tests are reviewed, with emphasis on the physiological basis of the tests and on practical applicability. Finally, diagnostic criteria, based on autonomic nerve function tests, are suggested.
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D004491:Edrophonium; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000378:metabolism; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000175:diagnosis; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide / Q000378:metabolism; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D005082:Physical Exertion; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D010191:Pancreatic Polypeptide; D004491:Edrophonium; D000661:Amphetamine