Biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin in the presence of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors.
Since there is no nutritional requirement for the biopterin cofactor, we attempted to create a drug-induced deficiency in rats in order to study the role of tetrahydrobiopterin in regulating the biosynthesis of dopamine and serotonin. The hypothesis that dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3) mediates the final step in the de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin was tested by treating rats with methotrexate along with leucovorin as a protective agent; there was no reduction in total biopterin or in the fraction present as tetrahydrobiopterin in adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, pituitary, brain, or pineal glands. Similar results were obtained with metoprine, a lipid-soluble inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase which readily enters the central nervous system. Treatment with loading doses of phenylalanine along with methotrexate reduced the level of tetrahydrobiopterin in liver. Neuroblastoma N115 cells growing in medium supplemented with thymidine and hypoxanthine continued to form normal amounts of tetrahydrobiopterin in the presence of concentrations of methotrexate which completely inhibited dihydrofolate reductase; higher concentrations of methotrexate increased the tetrahydrobiopterin content of the cells 2-fold and the total biopterin in the medium 3-fold. Although attempts to create a drug-induced deficiency were unsuccessful, the evidence indicates that the de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin proceeds by a pathway independent of dihydrofolate reductase and that folate antagonists, such as methotrexate are unlikely to impair the hydroxylation of tyrosine and tryptophan, which is dependent upon the availability of the biopterin cofactor.
D000818:Animals; D001708:Biopterins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002999:Clone Cells; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D006136:GTP Cyclohydrolase / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism; D011621:Pteridines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D011621:Pteridines; D001708:Biopterins; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D006136:GTP Cyclohydrolase; C003402:sapropterin; D008727:Methotrexate