title: Accumulation of aluminum in a nondialyzed uremic child receiving aluminum hydroxide.
abstract: A child with renal insufficiency was treated with the oral phosphate binder aluminum hydroxide from age 6 to 31 months. The prescribed dose of elemental aluminum varied from 31 to 108 mg/kg/d. Concurrently the patient developed vitamin D-resistant osteomalacia which failed to improve with parathyroidectomy. Encephalopathy with myoclonic seizures, loss of speech, and motor impairment also occurred. Serum and bone aluminum levels were elevated at 334 micrograms/L (normal 7 +/- 3 micrograms/L) and 156 mg/kg (normal 3.3 +/- 2.9 mg/kg), respectively. This case demonstrates that aluminum may accumulate in tissue of children receiving oral aluminum hydroxide. The accumulation of aluminum may have contributed to the vitamin D-resistant osteomalacia and the encephalopathy in this patient. Children receiving aluminum-containing antacids as phosphate binders should be monitored for aluminum accumulation and signs of aluminum intoxication.
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning*; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010018:Osteomalacia / Q000139:chemically induced; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced; D014511:Uremia / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D000535:Aluminum