title: Vesicoureteral reflux induced by manual compression of the urinary bladder of dogs and cats.
abstract: Vesicoureteral reflux caused by manual compression of the urinary bladder performed to obtain urine samples was evaluated by contrast radiography in 10 sedated, clinically normal male and female dogs and in 10 sedated, clinically normal male and female cats. Vesicoureteral reflux occurred in 50% of the dogs and in 40% of the cats. Application of digital pressure to the urinary bladder for a prolonged period to initiate urine voiding was associated with a greater occurrence of reflux than was application of digital pressure for a transient period. Contrast material refluxed into the prostate gland of 3 of 6 male dogs.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D001743:Urinary Bladder; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*