title: Micturition neuropharmacology.
abstract: Applying the basic principles, therapy guides to our hypothetical cases can be constructed. The 60 year old man with postoperative abdominal perineal resection with hypertension and parkinsonism may well need a transurethral resection of the prostate; however, other options include decreasing his anticholinergic-type medications, such as antiparkinsonism medications, changing his hypertensive therapy from beta blockers such as propranolol and metoprolol to alpha blockers such as methyldopa and prazosin. Bethanacol would seldom be helpful alone, but with an alpha blocker could help if not contraindicated by the presence of vascular disease. The second example, a 45 year old woman with stress incontinence, may be assisted with improved storage by an anticholinergic agent, an alpha enhancer, a mucosal enhancer, and if pertinent, switching hypertensive therapy from an alpha blocker to a beta blocker. The last example, a T10 paraplegic with a spastic, hyperreflexic bladder, can have improved storage with anticholinergics, decreased sphincter tone with alpha blockers, as well as decreased sphincter tone with alpha blockers, as well as decreased spasms through suppression of hyperactive spinal cord activity with baclofen.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000187:drug effects; D001418:Baclofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D013566:Sympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation*; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D013566:Sympathomimetics; D001418:Baclofen; D003975:Diazepam