title: [Effect of the linolenic acid content of the mother's diet on the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of subcellular fractions in brain development in the rat].
abstract: In order to determine precisely the respective roles of linolenic acid and linoleic acid in the maternal diet on rat brain subcellular fractions during development, we used two diets with different percentages of linolenic acid (18:3 n-3). The animals were fed peanut oil (group A) or soybean oil (group B) during pregnancy and throughout lactation. Nature and amount of essential fatty acids had no incidence on saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid distributions in myelin, synaptosomal, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. In adult rats, all subcellular fractions are marked by an increase of n-3 fatty acid and a decrease of n-6 fatty acid levels in group B compared to group A. In 15-day-old animals, on the contrary, only the synaptosomal fractions are significantly affected by the diet. Independent of diet, brain development is marked by a decrease of n-6 fatty acids in all subcellular fractions; on the other hand, the n-3 fatty acid level is increased in the synaptosomal and mitochondrial fractions, and decrease in the myelin and microsomal fractions. The sum of (n-3 + n-6) fatty acids remains constant in group B and in group A in all subcellular fractions. Finally, under our experimental conditions, we found no marked effect of diet composition upon linoleic acid conversion to arachidonic acid; only the delta 4-7-10-13-16-docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-6) level decreased in group B. delta 7-10-13-16-19-Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3) seemed to be a better substrate for delta 4 desaturase than delta 7-10-13-16-docosatetraenoic acid (22:4 n-6).
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation; D008042:Linolenic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008861:Microsomes / Q000032:analysis; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000032:analysis; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000032:analysis; D009821:Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000074241:Peanut Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D013024:Soybean Oil; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008042:Linolenic Acids; D009821:Oils; D000074241:Peanut Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D013024:Soybean Oil
vernacular_title: Influence de la teneur en acide linolénique du régime maternel sur la composition en acides gras polyinsaturés des fractions subcellulaires au cours du développement cérébral chez le rat.