title: An intensive drug monitoring study suggesting possible clinical irrelevance of impaired drug disposition in liver disease.
abstract: 1 Liver disease can alter the disposition and clinical effects of drugs. However, even though altered drug disposition occurs, there is no clinical evidence relating it to an increased susceptibility to adverse drug reactions (ADRs). 2 An intensive prospective drug monitoring study of 2,582 hospitalized patients was conducted. The adverse drug reactions probability scale (APS) was used to assess ADRs. Only non-mild, definite or probable ADRs (APS greater than or equal to 5) were included. Severity of liver dysfunction was assessed by a composite clinical and laboratory index (CCLI). 3 The frequency of ADRs was higher in 402 patients with cirrhosis (27.4%) than in 661 with renal dysfunction (22.8%) and in 249 with other parenchymatous liver diseases (13.7%) or in 1,270 patients with neither liver diseases nor renal dysfunction (10.9%) (chi 2 3 = 85.53, P less than 0.001). The frequency of ADRs in cirrhotics was highly correlated with the severity of the liver dysfunction measured by CCLI (r = 0.82, P less than 0.001). 4 Drugs predominantly eliminated by liver metabolism were not among those most commonly inducing ADRs or those causing severe reactions in cirrhotics. Thus, frusemide caused the most common and the most severe ADRs, whereas reactions induced by sedatives were uncommon. Drug-induced hepatic encephalopathy was more common in cirrhotics receiving diuretics (13.3%) than in those receiving sedatives (1.8%) (chi 2 y.c. = 5.29, P less than 0.025). Patients with alcoholic liver disease had more drug-induced hepatic encephalopathy (7.7%) than those with non-alcoholic liver disease (1.2%) (chi 2 y.c. = 11.86, P less than 0.001). 5 These results indicate that susceptibility to ADRs is increased only in severe cirrhosis and that the most common and severe ADRs seem more likely related to enhanced pharmacodynamic action than to impaired drug disposition.
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005665:Furosemide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007902:Length of Stay; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008104:Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D005665:Furosemide