title: Response of ventral pallidal neurons to amygdala stimulation and its modulation by dopamine projections to nucleus accumbens.
abstract: It has been shown that the nucleus accumbens receives input from the amygdala and that mesolimbic dopaminergic projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) modulates the response of accumbens neurons to amygdala input. Since the nucleus accumbens projects to the ventral pallidum, the purpose of this study was to investigate, using electrophysiological techniques, whether or not the nucleus accumbens relays the projection from the amygdala to the ventral pallidum and whether or not the mesolimbic dopamine projection interacts with this pathway. Extracellular single-unit recordings were obtained from the ventral pallidum of urethan-anesthetized rats, and the responses of these neurons to electrical stimulation of the amygdala were investigated. Of 392 neurons tested, 36% were inhibited and 11% were excited following amygdala stimulation. Latency of onset of inhibitory responses showed a bimodal distribution with peaks in the ranges of 4-6 ms and 16-18 ms, respectively. Fifty-four percent of inhibitory responses with latencies greater than 12 ms were attenuated by 1) injection of procaine hydrochloride into the nucleus accumbens, or 2) injection of d-amphetamine into the nucleus accumbens, or 3) stimulation of VTA with a train of 10 pulses (10 Hz) prior to stimulation of amygdala. Acute administration of haloperidol intraperitoneally or injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the ipsilateral VTA, 2 days prior to the recording experiment, reduced the attenuating effects of intra-accumbens injection of d-amphetamine and VTA conditioning stimulations on the inhibitory response of ventral pallidal neurons to amygdala stimulation. These results support the hypothesis that the nucleus accumbens provides a link between the amygdala and the ventral pallidum. Since the amygdala is a limbic structure and the ventral pallidum has possible connections with the extrapyramidal motor system, it is suggested that the amygdala to nucleus accumbens to ventral pallidum projection may be a bridge between the limbic and motor systems. We also suggest that this relay of output from the amygdala to the ventral pallidum via the nucleus accumbens is under the modulating influence of the mesolimbic dopamine projection from the ventral tegmental area.
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011343:Procaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012686:Septal Nuclei / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011343:Procaine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine; D004298:Dopamine