title: Effect of a synthetic folic acid analogue, 9-methyl-pteroylglutamic acid, on fetal chondrogenesis: ultrastructural observations.
abstract: Maternally administered folic acid antagonists (x-methyl-PGA and 9-methyl-PGA) are known to produce various skeletal malformations in the neonate. These defects are thought to be due in part to abnormal metabolism and/or deposition of various extracellular matrix components, i.e., collagen and glycosaminoglycans. Experimental reduction of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis in vitro has been shown previously to alter the spatial orientation and normal pattern of collagen fibrillogenesis. Furthermore, dietary withdrawal of folic acid concomitant with maternal administration of 9-methyl-PGA has been shown to result in abnormal collagen, uronic acid, and hexosamine metabolism by fetal limbs. In the present study pregnant rats were exposed to a transitory folic acid deficiency from day 11 to 14 of gestation and fetal tibias (mid-diaphyseal region) were examined with the electron microscope on day 18 of gestation. Although we were unable to ascertain any aberrant patterns of fibrillogenesis and orientation with respect to collagen, this particular teratogenic regimen resulted in an altered pattern of chondrocyte development when observed at the ultrastructural level.
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D013977:Tibia / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; C008622:ninopterin; D005492:Folic Acid