title: Combined rigid and flexible ureteropyeloscopy.
abstract: The development of rigid and flexible ureteropyeloscopes has provided the means for direct visualization of the upper urinary collecting system. Each instrument has its own advantages and disadvantages. The combined use of these instruments extends the range of endoscopy throughout the intrarenal collecting system, permits irrigation and provides a working channel.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019723:Endoscopes; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007682:Kidney Pelvis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*