title: Suppression of avian hepatic lipid metabolism by solvent extracts of garlic: impact on serum lipids.
abstract: The effects of garlic on lipid metabolism were examined in White Leghorn pullets that had been fed for 4 weeks either a control diet based on corn and soybean meal or an experimental diet containing either 3.8% garlic paste, a solvent extract (petroleum ether, methanol and water in sequence) of garlic paste, the residue or commercial garlic oil. Significant decreases in hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (79-83%), cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (43-51%), fatty acid synthetase (17-29%) and in representative pentose-phosphate pathway (23-39%) activities accompanied the feeding of the petroleum ether-, methanol- and water-soluble fractions of garlic. Garlic paste and oil also suppressed these activities. Significant decreases in serum lipids occurred in response to the feeding of these garlic fractions: serum total cholesterol by 20-25%, low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 28-41% and triglycerides by 10-26%; but high density lipoprotein cholesterol failed to respond to these treatments. The residue remaining after solvent fractionation had little influence on these parameters. These findings were substantiated by a second study in which pullets of a commercial broiler line were fed the garlic fractions. The results confirm that garlic oil and odorous components of garlic lower cholesterol levels. An odorless water-soluble component of garlic also has this effect. The mechanism of the hypocholesterolemic action is at the level of the suppression of cholesterol biosynthesis.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D005215:Fasting; D005737:Garlic; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012996:Solutions