title: In vivo and in vitro biological effects of the flame retardants tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate and tris(2-chlorethyl)orthophosphate.
abstract: Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (Tris-BP) and Tris(2-chloroethyl) orthophosphate (Genomoll P) were analyzed for mutagenic and carcinogenic activity in several in vitro and in vivo mammalian systems. In the in vitro tests both Tris-BP and Genomoll P increased sister chromatid exchanges in V79 cells with a dose-response relationship for Tris-BP. The mutation assays using the same cells (HGPRT locus) were negative. Both compounds showed positive results in the transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells. A very low frequency of transformation in the C3H10T1/2 cells was obtained; we consider this result essentially negative. In the in vivo assays Tris-BP gave positive and Genomoll P questionable results in the micronucleus test performed on Chinese hamsters. Both gave negative results in short-term skin tests. In the long-term skin tests, Tris-BP showed an initiating activity which was not observed with Genomoll P. When they were used as promoters both chemicals increased the incidence of lung adenomas in mice. Comparatively, Genomoll P is far less hazardous than Tris-BP.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005260:Female; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D012882:Skin Tests; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D010755:Organophosphates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; C012085:tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate; C031324:tris(chloroethyl)phosphate