title: [Experimental carcinogenesis of the stomach and its modifiers].
abstract: Modifiers of gastric carcinogenesis are reviewed with evidence of experimental results using rats. 1) Physical modifiers: Route of administration, medium (vehicle) of carcinogens, detergents, dosage (concentration), period (frequency) of administration, exposure time, and condition of mucus. Effects of surfactants and presence of a foreign body in the stomach lumen are also samples of physical enhancing factors. 2) Biological modifiers: Species, genetics, sex, hormonal factors, nutrition, and age. Moreover, effect of preexisting ulceration is important. 3) Chemical modifiers: Chemical substances administered prior to, simultaneously with, or following exposure of experimental animals to chemical carcinogens, or promoters of carcinogenesis. Chemical modifiers are: co-initiators, tumor promoters and inhibitors. NaCl having both co-initiator and tumor promoter action on MNNG gastric carcinogenesis is clearly shown in our investigations.
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D004032:Diet; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051379:Mice; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012439:Saccharin; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012997:Solvents; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012439:Saccharin