title: Flush exposure and injection immunization of rainbow trout to selected DNP conjugates.
abstract: Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were immunized by flush exposure or intraperitoneal injection with single doses of the following dinitrophenyl (DNP) conjugates: DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), DNP-Ficoll, DNP-O-antigen (from the fish pathogen, Yersinia ruckeri), DNP-sheep red blood cells, or DNP-duck red blood cells. The immune response was demonstrated by the passive hemolytic plaque assay to show splenic antibody-producing cells (APC) 14 days after antigen administration. High numbers of splenic APC specific for the hapten were found when the conjugates DNP-KLH, DNP-Ficoll, and DNP-O-antigen were given by injection and when DNP-O-antigen was given by flush exposure. The heterologous red blood cells were relatively nonimmunogenic. When the immune response to the hapten and carrier could be measured--e.g., after immunization with the DNP-O-antigen--the numbers of APC were consistently higher for the hapten.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000276:immunology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D006241:Haptens; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D012487:Salmonidae / Q000276:immunology*; D014337:Trout / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D006241:Haptens