title: Bilateral upper urinary tract stone.
abstract: The management of patients suffering from bilateral upper urinary tract stone presents one of the most difficult problems in urological surgery. The clinical course of 149 patients suffering from bilateral urolithiasis indicates that it has more serious consequences than unilateral stone disease in respect of postoperative recurrence, mortality, infection, and impairment of renal function. The object of this paper is to establish its incidence and the results of treatment. This enables us to assess the best policy of management in bilateral stone, using our increased knowledge of etiology and biochemical profiles, and employing the more sophisticated modern methods of complete stone removal. A more aggressive approach to bilateral staghorn calculi is considered desirable.
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D008297:Male; D010070:Oxalates / Q000032:analysis; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D000069877:Struvite; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010070:Oxalates; D010710:Phosphates; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D000069877:Struvite; D008274:Magnesium