title: Embryotoxic effects of phtalic acid derivatives, phosphates and aromatic oils used in the manufacturing of rubber on three day chicken embryos.
abstract: Several chemicals that are used for manufacturing of rubber were tested for embryotoxicity on three day chicken embryos. Cyclohexylthiophtalimide was the most potent of the chemicals, with an ED50 value for the total embryotoxic effect 0.04 mumol (10 micrograms) per egg. Phtalic anhydride was about ten times less potent, having the total ED50 for total embryotoxicity 0.38 mumol (56 micrograms) per egg. Two esters of phtalic acid, dibutylphtalate and butylbenzylphtalate, instead, were relatively impotent, with ED50 values of about 33 mumoles and 27 mumoles per egg, respectively. Two phosphates, tricresylphosphate and synthetic arylphosphate, were not potent embryotoxic agents in the chick embryos. They had ED50 values of 7.0 mumoles (2.6 mg) per egg and 9.5 mg per egg, respectively. Sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) had the ED50 11 mumoles per egg. Three types of oils were tested, too. A mixture known as "highly aromatic oils" was the most potent, with the ED50 31 micrograms per egg. "Low aromatic, paraffin base oils" was the next potent, with the ED50 87 micrograms per egg, while "naphtenic oils" had the ED50 480 micrograms per egg. Cyclohexylthiophtalimide and phtalic anhydride caused malformations at high frequency. The oils and tricresylphosphate appeared to be efficient teratogens under the experimental conditions used.
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000272:Adipates / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009821:Oils / Q000633:toxicity*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D012408:Rubber
chemical_list: D000272:Adipates; D009821:Oils; D010710:Phosphates; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D012408:Rubber