title: The microtubular system of crayfish retinula cells and its changes in relation to screening-pigment migration.
abstract: The organization of the microtubular system in crayfish retinula cells and its changes in relation to the light-dependent migrations of the screening pigment were studied by electron microscopy. A massive column of microtubules extends longitudinally throughout each retinula cell and its axon. The column is formed by overlapping fascicles of microtubules that originate from the vicinity of the rhabdomeres at multiple levels along the rhabdom. The pigment granules and other organelles are in general aligned with these fascicles and peripheral to the microtubular column. Close associations between microtubules and pigment granules are frequent. The total number of microtubules decreases nucleofugally from an average of about 500 at the middle of the rhabdom, to 390 at the proximal end of the rhabdom, and 240 in the axon below the basement membrane. The longitudinal distribution of microtubules was found similar for cells with the screening pigment in opposite extreme positions. In cells with the pigment in an intermediate position the number of microtubules was found to be nearly doubled in each of the mentioned levels; however, this change was correlated with a parallel increase in the cross-sectional area of the cells during the intermediate state. Thus, the density of microtubules tends to remain fairly constant throughout the light/dark adaptation cycle. These observations suggest that the microtubular system of the crayfish retinula cells constitutes a relatively stationary framework during screening-pigment movements, and could possibly act as a supportive guiding track for pigment transport.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003400:Astacoidea / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002465:Cell Movement; D008547:Melanophores / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008870:Microtubules / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D012168:Retinal Pigments / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012168:Retinal Pigments