title: Evidence for a central substructure in a Lumbricus terrestris hemoglobin obtained with STEM low-dose and digital processing techniques.
abstract: Applications of scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) low-dose and digital image processing techniques to the annelid extracellular hemoglobin of Lumbricus terrestris have shown the existence of a central substructure. The techniques involve low-dose STEM images of less than 2 e/A2 irradiation. Many such low-dose images were then aligned in their symmetry, N-fold averaged, and summed. The central substructure appears to be supported by spokes which are connected to a surrounding hexagonal bilayer of 12 subunits. In comparison to the summed image of Nephtys hombergii hemoglobin which is known to possess a central substructure, the morphology of both central mass and spokes were very similar. This finding of a central substructure is consistent with the report of a small angle X-ray scattering study (Pilz et al., 1980, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2, 279-283) which predicted the possible existence of substructure in the center of the molecule.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000845:Annelida / Q000032:analysis*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003201:Computers; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins