Risk factors associated with severe proliferative retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
The natural history of disease and suspected risk factors for bad prognosis were investigated in 40 subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who had severe retinopathy and in 22 patients with a similar duration of diabetes without evidence of complications. The retinopathy group showed a marked excess of men (ratio 2:1). Examination of the data in the literature also showed a striking excess of men, 61% (P less than 0.001) in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and severe microvascular disease. In addition, proliferative retinopathy was found to have significant associations with current poor diabetic control, hypertension, and previous treatment with once-daily insulin regimens, particularly with protamine zinc insulin.
D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors
D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting