Busulfan, antimetabolites, radiotherapy, and cost of treatment in chronic myelocytic leukemia. A non-controlled, non-randomized monocenter study with historical controls.
The possibilities were studied of achieving remission more quickly, of preventing conceivably alkylator-induced blastic transformation, and of prolonging survival in chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) by replacing busulfan induction of remission by antimetabolite induction. The promise of the project was not considered to merit a prospective, controlled, randomized multicenter study, and therefore a retrospective, non-controlled, non-randomized pilot study was elected. One antimetabolite-treated group (cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine) and two busulfan-treated patient groups were studied. One of the latter two groups received splenic irradiation in addition to busulfan. No statistically significant differences between the busulfan groups were found in the time to achieve remission, the length of the first, unmaintained remission, the frequency of blastic metamorphosis or the cost of treatment. The actuarial survival curves of all three groups were similar. The antimetabolite induction was well tolerated and led to a statistically significantly more rapid remission than busulfan. However, the remission was significantly shorter, and no significant difference in the frequency of blastic metamorphosis was found between the groups. The median cost (from diagnosis to death) of hospitalization, visits, treatment, and part of the loss of production was approximately 106 000 Sw. cr. in the busulfan + radiotherapy group, 116 000 in the busulfan group, and 178 000 in the antimetabolite group. It is suggested that a prospective, randomized, controlled study could confirm that the present antimetabolite induction may lead to a more rapid remission induction in CML without more side-effects. However, to prevent early relapse, antimetabolite induction should be combined with busulfan maintenance treatment.
D002066:Busulfan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011859:Radiography; D013154:Spleen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013866:Thioguanine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D003561:Cytarabine; D013866:Thioguanine; D002066:Busulfan