The effects of low cholesterol, high polyunsaturated fat, and low fat diets on plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels in normal and hypercholesterolemic subjects.
The effects of various cholesterol-lowering diets on plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels were assessed in normal and hypercholesterolemic subjects. The base-line diet was an ad libitum hospital diet of normal composition. Diet A was a 20% protein, 40% carbohydrate, 40% fat, polyunsaturated:saturated fat ratio 0.1 to 0.3, 250 to 300 mg cholesterol diet, diet B was identical to diet A except that the polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio was 1.8 to 2.2, and diet C was a 20% protein, 80% carbohydrate, very low fat (5 to 10 g), polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio 0.1 to 0.3, 150 to 200 mg cholesterol diet. Diet A (low cholesterol) caused mean reductions in plasma, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of 5.9, 5.6, and 6.3%, respectively, in 11 normal subjects. Diet B (low cholesterol, high polyunsaturated fat) caused significant decreases in plasma cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol of 17.0, 16.2, and 17.4%, respectively, in 12 normal subjects; and reductions of 11.0, 10.8, and 17.1%, respectively, in 19 hypercholesterolemic subjects. Diet C (low cholesterol, very low fat) produced significant mean decreases in plasma, LDL, and HDL cholesterol of 26.7, 29.9, and 27.9%, respectively, in 11 normal subjects, and in nine hypercholesterolemic patients of 22.6, 27.2, and 28.6%, respectively. The reductions in plasma cholesterol caused by these diets were therefore due to decreases in both LDL and HDL cholesterol with no significant changes in the LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio.
D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol