title: Talampicillin in the treatment and prophylaxis of urinary tract infection in children.
abstract: 9 children presenting with an ampicillin-sensitive coliform urinary tract infection were treated with talampicillin using 1 week of full-dose treatment followed by low-dose prophylaxis. The bowel coliforms were ampicillin-resistant at the start in one girl and became resistant in the remaining 8 within 4 months. During a total of 44 months of talampicillin therapy, 6 girls (2 with vesico-ureteric reflux) developed a symptomatic re-infection of the urinary tract, a recurrence rate of 1 per 7.3 months, or 1.6 recurrences per annum. A further 12 girls were given prophylactic talampicillin, 9 after an initial therapeutic course of co-trimoxazole for 1 week and 3 following a period of prophylaxis with low-dose co-trimoxazole. The rectal swab from one girl showed partial ampicillin resistance but 9 of the remaining 11 showed that a predominance of ampicillin-resistance coliforms had emerged in the bowel flora within 4 months. 5 of the 12 also developed a symptomatic ampicillin-resistant urinary infection within 4 months, a recurrence rate of 1 per 7.1 months or 1.7 recurrences per annum. Talampicillin, though very effective in treating urinary infection, is not recommended for the prevention of subsequent recurrence.
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004338:Drug Combinations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013626:Talampicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D013626:Talampicillin; D000667:Ampicillin; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D014295:Trimethoprim; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole