title: Response of typhoid fever caused by chloramphenicol-susceptible and chloramphenicol-resistant strains of Salmonella typhi to treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
abstract: Chloramphenicol remains the drug of choice for the treatment of typhoid fever in most areas despite the risks of relapses and toxicity. In a comparison of the efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and chloramphenicol against typhoid fever, 60 patients in Indonesia were randomly assigned to receive either TMP-SMZ (320 mg of TMP and 1,600 mg of SMZ daily) or chloramphenicol (2 g daily) for 14 days. TMP-SMZ was significantly more effective in sterilizing the blood, but the two drugs were equally effective with regard to relapse rate, frequency of prolonged fever, and mortality. Use of TMP-SMZ in Vietnam for the treatment of typhoid fever caused by chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella typhi showed that TMP-SMZ is as effective as ampicillin. Likewise, a review of other published reports suggests that TMP-SMZ has an overall record in the treatment of typhoid fever that is equal to or better than the records of other available drugs. TMP-SMZ has emerged as a satisfactory alternative to chloramphenicol for the treatment of typhoid fever and should be especially useful in areas where chloramphenicol-resistant S. typhi has been isolated.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000187:drug effects; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014744:Vietnam
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D000667:Ampicillin; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D014295:Trimethoprim; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole