title: Inferences on the nature of the apical sodium entry site in frog skin epithelium.
abstract: The inhibition and stimulation of short-circuit current in in vitro frog skin by a series of structural analogs of the diuretic drug amiloride were studied. Also, the inhibitory profile of a new experimental diuretic, 3-(3-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-2,6-pyrazinediamine, or CGS 4270, was determined. The major conclusions of our studies are: 1) amiloride remains the most effective inhibitor of Na+ entry, with both the pyrazine ring and the acylguanidine moiety being required for maximum activity; 2) CGS 4270 also inhibits Na+ transport in frog skin; it acts only from the external solution, is uncharged, is noncompetitive with Na+ and interacts noncompetitively with amiloride; the inhibition is independent of external calcium; and 3) benzimidazole increases amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current and this compound is competitive with amiloride. These results indicate that the putative Na+ entry protein contains multiple inhibitory sites and that compounds which stimulate Na+ entry may also bind at the same molecular locus as an inhibitor.
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011892:Rana catesbeiana; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D011719:Pyrazines; C025936:3-(3-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-5-chloro-2,6-pyrazinediamine; D000584:Amiloride; D012964:Sodium; C031000:benzimidazole