title: Biomedical engineering aspects of spinal cord stimulation.
abstract: Problems of spinal cord stimulation for modification of motor performance are discussed, based on presentations by representatives of the major stimulator manufacturers. Addressed were problems of electrode fixation, durability, energy requirements, and size. Trade-offs involved in the design and manufacture of various systems were also discussed. Design features and parameters identified were small size, totally implantable, good control of stimulus current, rates of stimulation variable from 20 to 1,400 Hz, current range of 2-12 mA, and a pulse width of 100-500 ms. Improvements are needed in all aspects of system performance, but particularly with respect to lead durability and electrode design. Future units may utilize feedback of physiological parameters for more optimal stimulus control.
mesh_terms: D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D013116:Spinal Cord