title: Comparison of the action of La3+ and Ca2+ on contraction threshold and other membrane parameters of frog skeletal muscle.
abstract: The influence of La3+ on contraction threshold, on membrane input resistance, and on action potential parameters was investigated in fibers of the sartorius muscle of the frog, and it was compared to that of Ca2+. The dependence of the contraction threshold on [La3+]0 in the presence of 0.5mM Ca3+ gave a sigmoid relationship between 0.1 and 5 mM La3+ with a shift of 23 to 34 mV to less negative potentials following a 10-fold increase of [La3+]0. The membrane input resistance was increased to various degrees in La-containing solutions, the increase being irreversible. The threshold of action potential generation was shifted to less negative potentials by 28 mV, and the duration at half-maximal amplitude was tripled by 0.5 mM La3+. In comparison a 10-fold increase of [Ca2+]0 in the range of 0.5 to 50 mM shifted the contraction threshold by 15 mV to less negative potentials. 17 mM Ca3+, a concentration having the same effect on contraction threshold as 0.5 mM La3+, increased membrane input resistance reversibly, shifted the action potential threshold by 16 mV to less negative potentials, and had only minor effects on action potential duration. Conduction was never blocked by Ca3+ as it was with 1 mM La3+. In the theoretical treatment, it is shown that the influence of Ca3+ on contraction threshold, but not that of La3+, may be accounted for by its screening and binding to negative surface charges according to the Gouy-Chapman theory of the diffuse double layer. To describe the action of La3+ on the contraction threshold an additional interaction of La3+ with neutral but amphoteric sites was considered.
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D011896:Rana temporaria
chemical_list: D007811:Lanthanum; D002118:Calcium