title: Caudate atrophy in irreversible tardive dyskinesia (a pneumoencephalographic study).
abstract: Pneumoencephalography done under standard conditions on 5 patients with tardive dyskinesia and 3 matched controls revealed evidence of caudate atrophy in 3 of the dyskinetic patients. The same 3 patients proved refractory to treatment of their dyskinesia. It is concluded that tardive dyskinesia is a heterogenous entity with some patients having irreversible dyskinesia and exhibiting radiologically demonstrable damage.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014695:Cerebral Ventriculography; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011011:Pneumoencephalography