Chronic ulcerative conjunctivitis in a patient with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
A 62-year-old woman had chronic bilateral conjunctival ulceration of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae. Conjunctival scrapings for viral, chlamydial, and bacteriologic studies were unrevealing. A conjunctival biopsy specimen was taken and submitted for histopathologic and immunofluorescent studies. Hematoxylin-eosin-stained tissue sections showed lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinosphils. Laboratory findings showed serum alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. alpha-1-Antitrypsin has a molecular weight of approximately 60,000 and inhibits a number of proteolytic enzymes including cellular trypsin, elastase, collagenase, and proteases. The deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin may have caused such enzymes to perpetuate the tissue damage, thus eventuating in chronic ulcerative conjunctivitis. The association of deficient alpha-1-antitrypsin with chronic ulcerative conjunctivitis could thus have been coincidental or a contributing factor to the conjunctival disease.
D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D003231:Conjunctivitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014456:Ulcer / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D019896:alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency