title: A recirculating cooling system for improved topical cardiac hypothermia.
abstract: A simple system is described that recirculates cooling fluid for topical cardiac hypothermia. This disposable system can produce a flow of 1,500 ml/min at 2 degrees to 4 degrees C. The recirculating cooler produced significantly lower myocardial temperatures than a conventional fluid-discard system in 22 patients having coronary operation. This system has been used as part of the technique of hypothermic cardioplegia in more than 600 patients. During various cardiac procedures, septal temperatures were maintained well below 20 degrees C for 60 minutes or more without the need to reinfuse the cardioplegic solution.
mesh_terms: D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation*