title: Old, new and revised aspects of artificial organs.
abstract: Retrograde perfusion of the coronary veins with oxygenated blood is effective. Closed chest transarterial left ventricular bypass was developed by Hans Zwart to support the failing left ventricle. Transapical left ventricular bypass started by Alex Kralios, later studied by Jeffrey Peters et al, became effective when filters were introduced into the system--first surviving patient! One must be prepared to support both ventricles. Retrograde transpulmonary bypass (Kralios) is as yet only experimental. The blood is pumped from one occluded pulmonary artery into the aorta. Plasmapheresis removes particles with a molecular weight of 7 to 45,000 which may be harmful in patients with burns or oxygenators since they blind the leukocytes. Starling's Law will regulate the total artificial heart. The future is for the electrohydraulic artificial heart by Robert Jarvik. However, air driven hearts may offer a life of sufficient quality to people now doomed to die. All types of hemodialyzers or peritoneal dialyzers should be made portable or wearable. The "mouse" is a good peritoneal access device. It makes recirculating peritoneal dialysis practical.
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000818:Animals; D001187:Artificial Organs / Q000639:trends*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods; D002417:Cattle; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D004285:Dogs; D006354:Heart, Artificial; D006801:Humans; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping; D007688:Kidneys, Artificial; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D010956:Plasmapheresis; D012756:Sheep; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000628:therapy