title: Diquat intoxication: report of two cases and review of the literature.
abstract: Animal experiments have suggested that diquat is less toxic than the more widely used paraquat. In this paper, nine previously reported cases of diquat intoxication are reviewed, together with the description of our personal observations in two additional patients. These two patients, like four other patients described in the literature, died from complications involving the gastrointestinal tract, brain and kidneys. Thus, diquat intoxication is apparently not as innocent as was originally thought. In this paper, special attention has been given to the major clinical differences between diquat and paraquat intoxication. In contrast with the latter, severe diquat intoxication induces gastrointestinal fluid sequestration and is associated with cerebral hemorrhagic lesions and a higher incidence of severe acute renal failure. Despite an asymptomatic clinical interval of up to 48 hours after ingestion, hemoperfusion should be started as soon as possible to prevent toxic levels of diquat in tissue.
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D004178:Diquat / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000506:poisoning*; D013405:Suicide
chemical_list: D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D004178:Diquat