title: Electrochemical ion gradients and active transport.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002793:Cholic Acids; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D007477:Ions / Q000378:metabolism*; D007785:Lactose / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000502:physiology; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D002793:Cholic Acids; D007477:Ions; D012964:Sodium; D007785:Lactose