title: Studies on the damage to Escherichia coli cell membrane caused by different rates of freeze-thawing.
abstract: Freeze-thawing of Escherichia coli cells caused a release of cell membrane components such as protein, phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides. A greater amount of release and a lesser extent of cell survival were seen in slow freeze-thawing than in rapid freeze-thawing. Several dehydrogenases in the cells were also freed. The mode of release was also dependent on the rate of freeze-thawing. The materials released by slow freeze-thawing were found to be mostly composed of outer membrane components, whereas the materials released by rapid freeze-thawing contained cytoplasmic as well as outer membrane components. The chemical composition of these fragments differed significantly from that of the original membranes. The relative content of cytoplasmic membrane-bound enzymes in these fragments also differed from that of the cytoplasmic membrane. The fragmentation was assumed to have resulted mainly from the crystallization of external water. In slow fraeeze-thawing, it was considered that the phase separation of the membrane phospholipid bilayer increased the possibility of outer membrane fragmentation. Rapid freeze-thawing caused cytoplasmic membrane damage to the cells as well as to the outer membrane. In rapid freeze-thawing, the effect of phase separation appeared to be small because of rapid passage through the transition temperatures. The presence of 10% glycerol completely inhibited the release of cellular materials and enzymes. Cell survival was maintained at a high level in the glycerol-treated samples whether freeze-thawed slowly or rapidly.
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005615:Freezing; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010743:Phospholipids; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase