Mutagenicity of constituents identified in pulp and paper mill effluents using the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome assay.
About 300 compounds have been reported in the literature as constituents of pulp-mill effluent. Previously, in our screening program, 10 resin acids identified in effluent were examined for potential mutagenicity in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome assay. Neoabietic acid was the only resin acid which was found to be mutagenic. Now, a program to screen for mutagenicity of 48 additional compounds, belonging to chemical classes of chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, aldehydes, quinones, and carboxylic acids, has been completed. Only 2 of these compounds, tetrachloropropene and pentachloropropene, were found to be mutagenic, showing dose-related increases in His+ reversion mutations, in the standard Salmonella test. Metabolic activation with a preparation of Aroclor 1254-induced liver homogenate (S9) greatly reduced the mutagenic responses of these 2 compounds. Modifications of the Salmonella test for volatile mutagens enabled the detection of the mutagenicity of 3 additional chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons dichloromethane, dichloroethane and trichloroethane.
D000818:Animals; D005025:Ethylene Dichlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000494:pharmacology; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D009154:Mutation; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D014240:Trichloroethanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014934:Wood
D005025:Ethylene Dichlorides; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009153:Mutagens; D014240:Trichloroethanes; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C029033:1,1,2,3,3-pentachloropropene; C013281:1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene; D008752:Methylene Chloride