The subcellular biochemistry of thyroid.
In this review the subcellular localization of enzymes and constituents in thyroid is discussed. Conditions and results of differential pelleting and gradient centrifugation studies are described with special attention to the validity of the markets used (Table VI). Special approaches to the isolation and characterization of thyroid organelles and membranes are extensively reviewed (Table VII). Subcellular fractionation of thyroid tissue has been shown to be an arduous task. Classic approaches for differential pelleting and gradient centrifugation, which have been proved successful for rat liver, are not always equally satisfactory for thyroid. The major problem is the toughness of the tissue requiring rather traumatizing homogenizing procedures. Nevertheless, the fractionation procedures did allow the subcellular localization of some enzymes and constituents to be established with a high degree of certainty. Furthermore, enriched subcellular fractions have been isolated which have been useful for biochemical studies concerning the specific function of this tissue.
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002458:Cell Fractionation / Q000379:methods; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000201:enzymology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology; D009940:Organoids / Q000378:metabolism; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D011132:Polyribosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism*
D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D010740:Phospholipases