Intrauterine device use and the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease.
A number of studies have shown an association between use of the intrauterine device (IUD) and the development of pelvic inflammatory disease. In the nine studies reviewed, the estimated risk varied between 1.6 and 9.3. A number of interacting variables are operant, in addition to IUD use. Further, the use of nonpermanent forms of contraception other than the IUD may exert a protective effect against the development of PID.
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012306:Risk; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States