Protective effect of immunization of rats with holotoxin or B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.
The relative immunogenicities of three forms of the Escherichia coli heatlabile enterotoxin (LT), the holotoxin, its B subunit, and the polymyxin-release form (PM LT) were compared by immunizing rats with various dosages of each given exclusively by the parenteral (IP/IP) or peroral (PO/PO) routes or by a combination of the two (IP/PO). The degree of protection was evaluated by challenge in ligated ileal loops, and the serum antitoxin response was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with homologous antigens. When given by the PO/PO route, each LT antigen provided only weak protection against the toxin and virtually none against viable LT-producing strains; serum antitoxin titers were not significantly increased. When the toxins were given after a parental primary immunization by either the IP/IP or the IP/PO routes, each LT antigen provided a dose-related increase in serum antitoxin titers and in the degree of protection against the toxin as well as against viable strains which produce LT alone (LT(+)/ST(-)) or in combination with the heat-stable toxin (LT(+)/ST(+)). The degree of protection against viable bacteria, particularly the LT(+)/ST(+) strain, was stronger in animals which received booster immunizations by the PO route. When expressed on the basis of molar equivalents, holotoxin provided significant protection (a protection index of >5 against toxin challenge and >50% reduced secretion with bacterial challenge) with 4 to 15 times fewer moles than PM LT and up to 50 times fewer moles than the B subunit. These observations indicate that, on the basis of molar equivalents, the holotoxin (which contains one A plus five or six B subunits) is a more potent immunogen than either PM LT (which contains one A and probably one B subunit) or the B subunit.
D000818:Animals; D000992:Antitoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000633:toxicity; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007114:Immunization; D051381:Rats
D000992:Antitoxins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli