title: Host metabolic alterations during inflammatory stress as related to nutritional status.
abstract: Malnutrition predisposes to infection, whereas infection can exacerbate malnutrition, resulting in hindered growth and development. This interplay between infection and nutrition suggests that host metabolism has a role in host defense during infection. Infection occasions profound alterations in host trace metal, nitrogen, and hormone metabolism and redistribution as a result of factors [leukocyte endogenous mediator (endogenous pyrogen)] released from stimulated phagocytes. Many of these alterations occur even in malnourished, protein-restricted, and zinc-deficient animals and persons, bespeaking the essential nature of these changes. Although these metabolic sequelae of infection appear to be of value to the host during acute illness, a metabolic deficit is often incurred which may persist long after resolution of clinical illness. Understanding host-parasite sequences will allow formulation of an integrated approach to the care of infected patients, combining the appropriate elements of nutrition with the best features of antimicrobial therapy.
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D004285:Dogs; D005334:Fever / Q000378:metabolism; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000378:metabolism; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D011749:Pyrogens / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001798:Blood Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007328:Insulin; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011749:Pyrogens; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; C008270:leukocyte endogenous mediator; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005934:Glucagon; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc