title: Simple adaptations to extend the range of flow cytometry five orders of magnitude for the DNA analysis of uni-and multicellular systems.
abstract: Procedures and instrumentation are described to extend the capability of a cytometry system to record samples that exhibit a wide range of fluorescence such as multicellular systems. The method employs a log amplifier in combination with a set of neutral density filters that reduces the incident light reaching the photomultiplier tube. With any given filter, signals within an intensity range of 200-fold can be measured; different filters can be used to obtain an extended overall range. Polystyrene fluorescent microspheres and a variety of mithramycin stained biological samples ranging from yeast cells to Paramecium were processed by the system. The relative DNA content of individual multicellular embryos was determined for a heterogeneous population of embryonic stages isolated from the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. As part of the evaluation of the procedure, the practical upper limit of range extension was determined. The most intense fluorescent signal was produced when untreated pecan pollen stained with ethidium bromide fluoresced with a factor (8.4 +/- 1.3) X 10(4) more than ethidium bromide stained E. coli cells.
mesh_terms: D000557:Ambystoma; D000818:Animals; D002107:Caenorhabditis / Q000032:analysis / Q000196:embryology; D002645:Chickens; D003584:Cytological Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D051379:Mice; D010247:Paramecium / Q000032:analysis; D011058:Pollen / Q000032:analysis; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014319:Triturus; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D004247:DNA