title: Clonidine overdose: report of six cases and review of the literature.
abstract: Clonidine poisoning usually causes depressed sensorium, hypotension, and bradycardia. Some patients manifest respiratory depression and miosis simulating narcotic overdose. Supportive care with judicious administration of intravenous fluids, occasionally supplemented by a dopamine infusion, usually reestablished adequate blood pressure. Tolazoline, an alpha-blocker, may reverse clonidine's effects should other efforts fail. Atropine should be used if bradycardia is hemodynamically significant. With massive overdose, clonidine's partial alpha-agonist properties may predominate, resulting in marked hypertension requiring cautious therapy. The experience at Parkland Memorial Hospital with clonidine overdose in six patients demonstrates the myriad of clinical presentations possible.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001285:Atropine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000139:chemically induced; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003000:Clonidine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D014043:Tolazoline / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001285:Atropine; D014043:Tolazoline; D003000:Clonidine; D004298:Dopamine