title: Urolithiasis after kidney transplantation--clinical and mineralogical aspects.
abstract: Urolithiasis is a rare complication following kidney transplantation. Experience with this complication in 6 of 426 transplantations performed from 1968 to 1979 is reviewed. The clinical symptoms are different from the disease in non-transplant patients. Three major predisposing causes for the development of calculi after kidney transplantation were found in our patients--urodynamic disorders following complications of the ureterovesical anastomosis, persistent bacteriuria and renal tubular acidosis and, less importantly, the presence of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria as a result of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Crystal-optical and x-ray-diffraction studies contributed to the interpretation of the constituents and texture of the calculi and of the aetiological factors concerned.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001031:Apatites / Q000032:analysis; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis; D002254:Carbonates / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D008297:Male; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D000069877:Struvite; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D002254:Carbonates; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C016189:whewellite; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid; D000069877:Struvite; D008274:Magnesium