title: The "milieu interieur"-a model of brain physiology and pathophysiology.
abstract: The "milieu interieur" or "internal environment" of the brain is determined by the glial cells, the cerebrospinal fluid, the blood-brain barrier, the cerebral blood flow, the central regulation of respiration, and the intracranial pressure. Anaesthetic agents and anoxia-ischaemic insult can disrupt this important but vulnerable neuronal environment. Head injury is used as an example of a common insult to the neuronal environment and the principles of management are discussed, using a model of brain physiology and pathophysiology which can be modified to include other clinical situations.
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics