title: The role of the carrier in treatment failures after antibiotic for group A streptococci in the upper respiratory tract.
abstract: During a prospective study of endemic group A streptococcal upper respiratory tract infection and the streptococcal carrier state, we investigated persistence of group A streptococci after treatment with recommended doses of antibiotics. We evaluated clinical findings, culture results, and streptococcal antibody responses at the acute-stage clinic visit and at convalescent-stage visits 3 and 8 weeks later. Data from 280 children ill with pharyngitis and their family contacts were analyzed (mean age 13.3 years); 129 individuals (46%) had group A beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated at the initial visit. Despite antibiotic treatment, group A streptococci were not eradicated from the upper respiratory tract of 34 (26%) of the 129 culture-positive individuals. Thirteen of the 34 (38%) required a second course of antibiotic therapy before the infecting serotype was eradicated, but a majority, the remaining 21 (62%) patients, were not bacteriologically cured despite repeated courses of antibiotics. Streptococcal antibody data suggested that the majority of the treatment failures were streptococcal carriers. Only 5% of asymptomatic individuals with a positive culture for group A streptococci demonstrated an antibody rise. These bacteriologic and serologic data document that it usually is unnecessary to retreat asymptomatic convalescent individuals having throat cultures persistently positive for group A streptococci, since these individuals seldom represent true streptococcal infection.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002353:Carrier State / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D002097:C-Reactive Protein