The measurement of membrane potential using optical indicators.
D002338:Carotenoids; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007477:Ions / Q000378:metabolism; D007555:Isoxazoles; D007700:Kinetics; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology; D013053:Spectrophotometry
D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007477:Ions; D007555:Isoxazoles; C018622:oxonol dyes (isoxazole); D002338:Carotenoids; D010100:Oxygen