title: The certifying surgeons.
abstract: The origin and work of the nineteenth century certifying surgeons is described. Their place within the broad spectrum of general practice is emphasized and their efforts to improve the welfare of children is noted.
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000266:history*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000266:history*; D006113:United Kingdom