title: Diabetic control in patients treated with once or twice-daily insulin injections, including a comparison of conventional beef and highly purified pork insulins.
abstract: Twenty patients were changed from a single daily injection of beef insulin (a mixture of soluble and protamine zinc insulin) to two daily injections (mixtures of soluble and isophane insulins). This was associated with a reduction, one month later, in the concentration of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) and in the degree of late evening glycosuria. A reduction was shown 6 months later in antibody binding of beef and pork insulin by serum. Subsequent conversion to a twice daily regime of highly purified pork insulin was not associated with further improvement in diabetic control, but was associated after 1 month with a reduction in daily insulin dose, and after 5 months with a further reduction in antibody binding of beef and pork insulin by serum. Patients failing to show a C-peptide response to intravenous glucagon had a fall in HbA1 after conversion from a once to a twice daily insulin regime, which correlated inversely with insulin antibody binding estimated at the beginning of the study.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006441:Hemoglobin A / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007330:Insulin Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D007330:Insulin Antibodies; D006441:Hemoglobin A