title: Chenodiol (chenodeoxycholic acid) for dissolution of gallstones: the National Cooperative Gallstone Study. A controlled trial of efficacy and safety.
abstract: A double-masked study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of randomly allocated chenodiol (chenodeoxycholic acid, 750 mg/d or 350 mg/d) or placebo administered for 2 years to 916 patients for dissolution of radiolucent gallstones. There was confirmed complete dissolution in 13.5% of patients (750 mg/d), 5.2% (375 mg/d), and 0.8% (placebo), p less than 0.0001. Partial (over 50%) or complete dissolution (by validated roentgenographic metrology) occurred in 40.8% (750 mg/d), 23.6% (375 mg/d), and 11.0% (placebo), p less than 0.0001. Dissolution occurred more frequently in women, thin patients, or patients with small or floating gallstones or serum cholesterol greater than or equal to 227 mg/dL. Clinically significant hepatotoxicity occurred in 3% of patients (750 mg/d), 0.4% (375 mg/d), and 0.4% (placebo), p less than 0.007, and always was reversible biochemically. Elevations of 10% or more of serum cholesterol, mostly low-density lipoproteins, occurred in 85.2% of patients (750 mg/d), 82.8% (375 mg/d), and 67.0% (placebo), p less than 0.001. Chenodiol, 750 mg/d for up to 2 years, is appropriate therapy for dissolution of gallstones in selected patients who are informed of the risks and benefits.
mesh_terms: D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D002635:Chenodeoxycholic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011897:Random Allocation; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D002635:Chenodeoxycholic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol