The effects of alanine, glucose and starch ingestion on the ketosis produced by exercise and by starvation.
1. Several investigators have found that the development of post-exercise ketosis is not counteracted by glucose ingestion. Post-exercise ketosis might therefore have more in common with diabetic ketoacidosis than with starvation ketosis. 2. The effects of ingesting 100 g of glucose, alanine or starch were therefore studied in subjects rendered hyperketonaemic by prolonged running on a low carbohydrate diet, or by 65 h of starvation. These substances were also ingested by normal post-prandial subjects. 3. The runners developed post-exercise ketosis (1.81 +/- S.D. 0.81 mmol/l), which was counteracted by alanine and glucose, but only minimally by starch. 4. Fasting caused a variable ketosis (2.19 +/- S.D. 1.63 mmol/l), also counteracted by glucose and less by starch, but alanine caused vomiting. 5. Glucose and alanine lowered the blood ketone body levels of the post-prandial subjects. 6. The rising ketone body levels in starvation and after exercise were accompanied by simultaneous increases in the plasma insulin/glucagon ratios; in both, glucose ingestion increased the ratio further, while alanine decreased it. 7. It is concluded that there is no essential difference between established post-exercise and starvation ketosis, and that the blood fuel-hormone changes do not correlate with the changes in blood ketone body concentrations.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000409:Alanine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D005082:Physical Exertion; D013213:Starch / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013217:Starvation / Q000097:blood*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D007657:Ketone Bodies; D013006:Growth Hormone; D013213:Starch; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose; D000409:Alanine