title: Effect of misonidazole or metronidazole pretreatment on the response of the RIF-1 mouse sarcoma to melphalan, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil and CCNU.
abstract: The effect has been studied of adding either misonidazole (MISO) or metronidazole (METRO) to cytotoxic drug treatment of C3H mice bearing the RIF-1 sarcoma. The nitroimidazoles were injected 30 min before the cytotoxic drugs at a dose of 2 . 5 mmol/kg. Both clonogenic-cell survival and growth delay were measured as indicators of tumour response and depression in WBC count and acute lethality were used to indicate normal-tissue response. For melphalan, neither pretreatment agent produced any change in tumor response. For cyclophosphamide, no change was produced by METRO but a minimal increase in tumour response occurred with MISO. An enhancement of cell killing by CCNU was seen with MISO pretreatment, but there was no increase in tumour growth delay. METRO, however, did not enhance tumour response by either endpoint. WBC depression by CCNU was not enhanced by MISO pretreatment, and there was no significant reduction in the acute LD50. This indicates a therapeutic advantage from the addition of MISO to CCNU in this model system. For chlorambucil, considerable enhancement of tumour response followed either MISO or METRO pretreatment (dose-modifying factors of 2 . 0 and 1 . 4 respectively). However, the modification by MISO of normal-tissue response to chlorambucil was also enhanced by about a factor of 2, with no therapeutic gain.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002699:Chlorambucil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008130:Lomustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008920:Misonidazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012513:Sarcoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D008795:Metronidazole; D002699:Chlorambucil; D008130:Lomustine; D008920:Misonidazole; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D008558:Melphalan