title: The injury-spasm (ischemia-induced hemostatic vasoconstrictive) and vascular autoregulatory hypothesis of ischemic disease. Resistance vessel-spasm hypothesis of ischemic disease.
abstract: THe injury-spasm concept assumes that severe myocardial ischemia secondary to stenotic coronary artery disease causes spasm of resistance vessels through ischemic tissue injury. In this communication the concept is developed further and is now extended to include other diseases. It is suggested that relative arterial insufficiency, as traditionally understood, is an invalid concept and that disorders usually attributed to it, including congestive heart failure and peripheral vascular disease, should be attributed to injury-spasm. Because a basic reaction to injury is to prevent bleeding, injury-spasm is identified as an exaggerated form of hemostatic vasoconstriction, and spasm is related to distorted vascular autoregulatory activities of resistance vessels. It is asserted that blood platelets probably are not involved int he initiation of ischemic attacks, and instead of a platelet thromboxane/vessel prostacyclin vasomotor balance of epicardial coronary arteries, the vasoconstrictive/vasodilative balance is centered in resistance vessels and is based on autoregulatory processes such as the hemostatic injury-spasm reaction and reactive hyperemia.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology; D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000502:physiology; D013931:Thromboxanes / Q000378:metabolism; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists; D011453:Prostaglandins; D013931:Thromboxanes