Newly synthesized hypoxia-mediated drugs as radiosensitizers and cytotoxic agents.
Chinese hamster cells in culture were used to compare the radiosensitizing efficiency and cytotoxicity of misonidazole with several 2, 4 and 5 substituted nitroimidazoles. The two substituted compounds (SR 2508 and SR 2555) are similar to misonidazole in radiosensitizing effectiveness, but are significantly less toxic to hypoxic cells. This reduced cytotoxicity may result from either slower drug penetration or slower removal of non-protein sulfhydryl compounds (NPSH). The compound MJL-1-191-VII (a 4-nitroimidazole) is a much more effective radiosensitizer than would be predicted from its electron affinity. It appears to sensitize by two mechanisms, the first resulting from its electron affinity and the second as consequence of its rapid removal of endogeneous cellular NPSH; which are naturally occurring radioprotective substances.
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D008920:Misonidazole / Q000633:toxicity; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000633:toxicity; D010100:Oxygen; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000633:toxicity*
D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D008920:Misonidazole; D005978:Glutathione; D010100:Oxygen