title: Effect of immunization against rubella on lactation products. I. Development and characterization of specific immunologic reactivity in breast milk.
abstract: The development of an immune response to rubella virus in milk, serum, and nasopharyngeal secretions was studied in lactating postpartum women after immunization with HPV-77 De5 or RA 27/3 live, attenuated rubella virus vaccine administered subcutaneously or intranasally. Over 69% of the women shed virus in milk after immunization. A predictable nasopharyngeal IgA and serum IgG antibody response to rubella virus was observed after subcutaneous or intranasal immunization with RA 27/3 vaccine. Little or no nasopharyngeal antibody response was seen after subcutaneous immunization with HPV-77 DE5 vaccine. A virus-specific IgA antibody response in milk was seen in all women. The presence of rubella virus in breast milk seemed to potentiate the peak levels of virus-specific antibody in the milk. Cellular immune reactivity to rubella virus in milk was observed in all vaccine groups. Thus, the virus-specific immune response induced in human milk after immunization with rubella virus vaccine may be intimately linked with the reactivity in bronchial lymphoid tissue.
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D012409:Rubella / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012411:Rubella Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012412:Rubella virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D012411:Rubella Vaccine