title: Antenatal diagnosis of fetal cardiac abnormalities.
abstract: Utilizing fetal electrocardiography, ultrasound, M-mode and two dimensional echocardiography, fetal cardiac function, structure, and rhythm were studied in pregnancies with obstetrical risk factors. Risk factors for fetal cardiac abnormalities were defined to include: maternal diabetes, connective tissue disorders; Rh hemolytic disease; fetal cardiac arrhythmias, ascites of hydrops; intrauterine growth retardation; maternal drug or teratogen exposure and a family history of congenital heart disease. Representative cases are presented and include fetal findings, management and neonatal outcome.
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis; D004452:Echocardiography; D004899:Erythroblastosis, Fetal / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D005323:Fetal Monitoring; D006327:Heart Block / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D014463:Ultrasonography