Dietary risk factors of stroke and hypertension in Japan -- Part 2: Validity of urinalysis for dietary salt and protein intakes under a field condition.
Utility of urinalysis as a method for estimating dietary salt and protein intakes was examined in volunteers from farming and fishing villages in Japan and the data was compared to findings in a survey on diets. We found that partial urine samples and even a fasting single spot urine in the a.m. could serve as valid substitutes for 24-hour (hr) urine collections. Further, significant correlations were obtained between levels of salt in the diet estimated by survey interviews and urinary sodium (Na) and between interview-estimated dietary total or animal protein and urinary inorganic sulfate (SO4). In comparative studies between farming and fishing villages, almost the same findings, higher salt in a farming village and higher animal protein in a fishing village, were obtained in the urinalysis and the survey on diets. These findings clearly indicate that urinalysis, as a method for estimating dietary salt and protein intake in population surveys, has distinct advantages.
D000328:Adult; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000652:urine*; D012306:Risk; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000652:urine*; D014508:Urea / Q000652:urine
D004044:Dietary Proteins; D013431:Sulfates; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014508:Urea; D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine; D009584:Nitrogen