Interrelationships between biotin, choline and other B-vitamins and the occurrence of fatty liver and kidney syndrome and sudden death syndrome in broiler chickens.
1. Addition of supplemental choline to a biotin-deficient diet decreased the biotin status of chicks and increased mortality from fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS). 2. Mortality was also increased by dietary supplementation with a mixture of other B-vitamins, excluding biotin, and was highest when the choline and B-vitamin supplements were combined. 3. The occurrence of sudden death syndrome (SDS) was unaffected by dietary biotin concentration. 4. A previously unreported condition was observed in which birds died showing post-mortem signs characteristic of both FLKS and SDS and whose occurrence was related to the biotin status of the chicks.
D000818:Animals; D001710:Biotin / Q000172:deficiency*; D002645:Chickens; D002794:Choline / Q000633:toxicity*; D003645:Death, Sudden / Q000662:veterinary*; D004032:Diet; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D011766:Pyruvate Carboxylase / Q000097:blood; D013577:Syndrome; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000633:toxicity
D001710:Biotin; D011766:Pyruvate Carboxylase; D002794:Choline; D014805:Vitamin B 12