Possible lateralization of function in toadfish sound production.
Sounds in toadfish are produced by simultaneous contraction of paired swimbladder muscles. Muscle synchronization has been attributed to electric synapses within the midline sonic motor nucleus. This note describes three sounds, which appear to be produced by different contraction patterns of the left and right muscles, suggesting that a single motor nucleus is capable of simultaneously producing two different outputs.
D000400:Air Sacs / Q000294:innervation; D000818:Animals; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000502:physiology*