title: Facial malformations and spinal anomalies. A predictable relationship.
abstract: Facial malformations have generally been associated with spinal anomalies, but this report reviews patients with specific facial abnormalities and attempts to document accompanying spinal anomalies. The results indicate that the most common types of facial malformations vary predictably in their influence on spinal or other musculoskeletal abnormalities. Apert and Goldenhaar syndromes are associated with significant spinal anomalies.
mesh_terms: D000168:Acrocephalosyndactylia / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D003394:Craniofacial Dysostosis / Q000150:complications*; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000150:complications*; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008342:Mandibulofacial Dysostosis / Q000150:complications*; D013131:Spine / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013577:Syndrome