Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin in subjects with normal and impaired renal function.
The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin was investigated in 4 healthy volunteers and in 16 patients with varying degrees of renal impairment, 4 of whom were on regular hemodialysis. Amoxicillin was administered both in a 1-g single intravenous injection and two 500-mg capsules per os. The kinetics of the antibiotic followed an open two-compartment model. In the patients with renal failure there was a significant decrease in beta, kappa10, and total body clearance. A linear relationship between beta of amoxicillin and creatinine clearance was found. This relationship allows dosage regimen adjustment for patients with renal impairment. A significant increase in the absorption half-life of the antibiotic was also observed in patients with renal impairment. The half-life of the antibiotic during hemodialysis was 2.3 h.
D000368:Aged; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000378:metabolism*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
D000658:Amoxicillin; D003404:Creatinine