title: Treatment of pneumothorax, pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum.
abstract: Fifty-four patients with pneumothoraces were treated by tube thoracostomy. Three of these also suffered from pneumomediastinum, two from pneumopericardium, and one from pneumoperitoneum. Except for 2 pneumomediastina, all of these were drained. A chest drain was inserted after chest radiography or transillumination and/or localization of the extrapulmonary air by fine needle aspiration. The drain was placed surgically at the highest point of air accumulation, after creation of a long subcutaneous tunnel and perforation of the intercostal space by blunt dissection. Pressure upon vital structures by pathological air accumulations was relieved in all cases. On a few occasions a tension pneumothorax redeveloped despite there being a chest tube in place, and new chest tubes had to be inserted. No complications due to the procedure were observed.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004322:Drainage; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008478:Mediastinal Emphysema / Q000628:therapy*; D011026:Pneumopericardium / Q000628:therapy*; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000628:therapy*