title: The bovine pulmonary inflammatory response: adjuvant pneumonitis in calves.
abstract: Twenty one- to two-month-old Holstein, Angus, or Holstein-Angus crossbred calves were given intravenous complete Freund's adjuvant and their lungs were examined at 24 hours to 30 days post-injection. Two calves given intravenous saline served as normal controls. The evolving pulmonary inflammatory response was characterized initially by multifocal vasculitis and acute multifocal exudative pneumonitis which progressed to a granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis by seven days post-injection. Discrete granulomas characterized the lesions in the lungs and lymph nodes at 30 days post-injection, and granulomas also were seen in liver, kidney, and spleen. Clinically, the calves were tachypneic and pyrexic during the first week post-injection. Four calves developed acute pulmonary edema and died during, or shortly after, administration of the adjuvant. This model of experimental pneumonia in calves is similar to complete Freund's adjuvant-induced experimental pneumonia in other species. It is reproducible and predictable in its course of development and resolution, and provides a useful model for studying basic mechanisms of pulmonary inflammatory injury and repair in the bovine lung.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D006099:Granuloma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D005620:Freund's Adjuvant