title: A national survey of the clinical features, treatment and importance of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.
abstract: A postal survey of cattle producers throughout Australia was conducted to obtain information concerning the occurrence, signs and treatment of infectious bovine keratocojunctivitis, animals breeds, animal numbers and types, environmental conditions under which the animals were kept and management routines and systems of the animals (Slatter et al 1982). The most common clinical signs reported were ocular discharge (43.9%), corneal opacity (9.9%), or both (46.1%). The majority of respondents (54.8%) indicated duration of infections of at least 3 weeks. The condition was predominantly unilateral (74.7%) but 22.3% of respondents reported an equal occurrence of the condition unilaterally and bilaterally. The most frequently used drugs were homidium bromide (26.7%), oxytetracycline hydrochloride (22.8%), chloramphenicol derivatives (13.7%) and penicillin derivatives (13.5%). However, described treatment regimes indicated that therapeutic levels of antibiotics would not be maintained in the eyes of treated animals. Producers considered that 75% of affected animals showed reduced rates of weight gain, and 64% indicated they were more difficult to handle. An approximate figure of +22,000,000 was determined for loss of national production due to the disease, based on producers' estimates. In addition, a further cost of +1,566,500 was estimated for the labour involved in current treatment regimes. Beef and dairy producers spent different amounts on medications and treated for different durations. The economic significance of the disease justifies further studies on production losses due to the disease and cost effective methods of treatment.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001315:Australia; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D007637:Keratoconjunctivitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009016:Moraxella; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents