title: Amphetamine withdrawal and sleep disturbance.
abstract: Sleep duration and indices of disturbed sleep, such as night-time waking and day-time sleep, were investigated in amphetamine users following hospital admission and withdrawal from the drug. Compared to controls, the amphetamine group showed an initial period of oversleeping and, towards the end of the first week, they showed a considerable degree of reduced sleep which persisted for the 20 days of this study. There was greater variability in sleep duration within the amphetamine group on almost all nights, and the variability in sleep duration from one night to the next was also greater. More night-time sleep disturbance was evident among the amphetamine ex-users. These results are discussed with respect to previous work and the pattern is seen to be more complex than had been imagined. A tentative neurochemical model is suggested and clinical implications are considered.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D009638:Norepinephrine