title: Gynogenesis caused by ultraviolet irradiation of salmonid sperm.
abstract: Gynogenetic rainbow trout lines can be produced easily with the simple UV sperm irradiation technique detailed in this study. The dose effect on embryonic survival rate is called a pseudo "Hertwig effect" because of major differences with results of gamma irradiation: Some mixing of various karyotypes (from diploid to haploid number) were obtained with mean doses, probably because of the weak penetrating power of the ultraviolet rays. Irradiations lasting 4 minutes of more are required to produce homogeneous haploid progeny; heat shock applied to such fertilized eggs results in diploid fry of the maternal phenotype.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002875:Chromosomes; D004171:Diploidy; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D005260:Female; D006238:Haploidy; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008297:Male; D010312:Parthenogenesis; D012487:Salmonidae / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014337:Trout / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays