title: Clinical characteristics of infant botulism in the United States: a study of the non-California cases.
abstract: We reviewed the clinical features of 99 cases of infant botulism reported to the Centers for Disease Control from states other than California for the period 1976 to 1980. There were no toxin-specific differences in the distribution of ages at onset or sex of the cases. For 76 (76%) patients for whom data were available the most common presenting symptoms were poor feeding (43%) and constipation (24%). Weak suck, poor head control, floppiness, weakness in extremities, difficulty swallowing, altered cry and constipation were reported in over three-fourths of the infants for whom data were available. Loss of facial expression, extraocular muscle paralysis, dilated pupils and depression of deep tendon reflexes occurred significantly more frequently among infants with type B botulism than among those with type A botulism. Ventilatory assistance was required for 61% of infants receiving aminoglycosides after the onset of weakness compared to only 26% of those infants not receiving aminoglycosides (P = 0.01). Infant botulism presents a characteristic clinical picture and should be suspected when an infant presents with weakness.
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000009:adverse effects; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D001906:Botulism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000032:analysis; D003248:Constipation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D013391:Sucking Behavior; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D001905:Botulinum Toxins