title: Urinary chromium excretion of human subjects: effects of chromium supplementation and glucose loading.
abstract: The utilization of inorganic chromium by free-living human subjects was studied in 76 volunteers (male, 48; female, 28) who were supplemented with 200 micrograms of inorganic chromium as chromic chloride or a placebo tablet for 3 months in a double-blind, cross-over experiment. For all subjects, initial mean +/- SEM urinary chromium (Cr) level was 0.20 +/- 0.01 (range, 0.05 to 0.58) ng/ml and did not differ by sex. Initial chromium/creatinine ratio (Cr/Ct) was 0.15 +/- 0.01 (range 0.03 to 0.36) ng Cr/mg creatinine for females and was significantly lower, 0.10 +/- 0.01 (range 0.03 to 0.36) for males. Mean urinary Cr level increased to 1.0 +/- 0.12 after 2 and to 1.13 +/- 0.08 ng/ml after 3 months' supplementation. The Cr/Ct ratio increased to 0.69 +/- 0.10 for females and to 0.50 +/- 0.04 for males after 2 months' supplementation; values were similar after 3 months. An increase in urinary Cr excretion in response to a glucose load was demonstrated for nonsupplemented normal free-living subjects but not for subjects supplemented daily with trivalent chromium. Urinary Cr excretion after a glucose challenge was not predictable and did not depend on Cr status.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002712:Chlorides; D002857:Chromium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D002857:Chromium; D003404:Creatinine; C022990:chromic chloride