title: Enhancement of dimethylnitrosamine metabolism and activation to a mutagen following chronic ethanol consumption.
abstract: Chronic ethanol ingestion in rats results in an increase in hepatic microsomal dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) demethylase activity and in an increase in hepatic microsomal activation of DMN to a mutagen. These effects of ethanol on DMN metabolism were detectable in vitro at DMN concentrations as low as 0.3 to 1 mM and as high as 100 mM. This ability of ethanol to increase the rate of DMN metabolism over such a broad range of DMN concentrations is in marked contrast to the effects of other microsomal enzyme inducers, such as phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene, which increase the rate of DMN metabolism only at relatively high DMN concentrations and repress its metabolism at low DMN concentrations.
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D009153:Mutagens / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D009153:Mutagens; D000431:Ethanol; D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine