Intragastric nitrites, nitrosamines, and bacterial overgrowth during cimetidine treatment.
A six week course of cimetidine (1 g/day) healed peptic ulcers in 20 of 23 patients (14 with duodenal ulcer, nine with gastric ulcer). Reduction of basal acid output by 73% and peak acid output by 36% led to a rise in concentrations of intragastric aerobic bacteria and nitrate-reducing bacteria. While the mean intragastric concentration of nitrate was unchanged by treatment, there were statistically significant rises in nitrite and N-nitrosamine concentrations. The conversion from nitrates to nitrites was closely related to the occurrence of nitrate-reducing bacteria. In three patients the intragastric milieu had returned to normal two months after cimetidine treatment had been discontinued. Mean nitrite and N-nitrosamine concentrations did not return to pre-treatment levels in the group of eight patients who remained on maintenance cimetidine (0.4 g at night-time) for three months after the full dose treatment. This study shows that cimetidine treatment can create an intragastric milieu resembling that of atrophic gastritis. Large scale and long-term studies are necessary to establish whether these findings have any clinical significance.
D000328:Adult; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002927:Cimetidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006146:Guanidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis*; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000032:analysis*; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D013270:Stomach / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*
D006146:Guanidines; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009602:Nitrosamines; D002927:Cimetidine