title: The cardiac fibrous skeletal ring model: simple, inexpensive method to illustrate normal and abnormal cardiac anatomy three dimensionally.
abstract: A novel, innovative, simple, and inexpensive graphic method is proposed to facilitate illustrating the variety of cardiovascular pathology. Six-ring plastic container holders, resected selectively, or circles carefully drawn to represent the cardiac fibrous skeleton, enable visualization of the cardiac pathology three-dimensionally without notations. Given 9 axioms, this systematic technique is easy to learn and teach, enabling a nonartistic neophyte to understand complex, cardiac anatomic perspectives and diagram specific cardiac anomalies.
mesh_terms: D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008954:Models, Biological; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000503:physiopathology