9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid, a synthetic analogue of folic acid: its effects on hexosamine levels in fetal rat limbs and other fetal tissues.
Pregnant rats were administered the teratogen and synthetic analogue of folic acid, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid, on the 11th day of gestation and placed on a semisynthetic diet containing the antagonist but lacking the vitamin until the 14th gestational day. This transitory maternal folic acid deficiency results in multiple congenital skeletal malformations. Control animals were administered a folic acid-supplemented regimen. Hexosamine levels were measured in fetal tissues, i.e. limbs, livers, and yolk sacs, in order to monitor the accumulation of a primary constituent of the extracellular matrix, i.e. glycosaminoglycans. Fetal tissues were obtained for hexosamine analysis on the 16th and 18th days of gestation. The teratogenic and transitory folic acid-deficient regimen resulted in (1) a significant reduction in the accumulation of hexosamine in fetal limbs by the 16th day of gestation, and (2) a significant increase in the accumulation of hexosamine in fetal livers by the 16th day of gestation. The regimen was observed to have had no effect on hexosamine accumulation by the yolk sac. Furthermore, no significant effect on hexosamine accumulation from the 16th to the 18th day of gestation was observed in any of the tissues studied.
D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006595:Hexosamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D006595:Hexosamines; C008622:ninopterin; D005492:Folic Acid