title: Two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of discrete subaortic stenosis from the apical long axis view.
abstract: M-mode standard two-dimensional (2DE) left parasternal long axis echocardiographic examination of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) was evaluated exclusively with respect to its utility in identifying discrete subaortic stenosis (SUB-AS). Important details of the anatomy of the subaortic area may also be obtained from 2DE apical long axis imaging. According, 18 patients with discrete SUB-AS were prospectively evaluated by M-mode and 2DE. The M-mode findings included narrowing of the LVOT and early systolic closure of the aortic valve. However, these findings were variable and highly dependent upon scan speed, fluid flow dynamics, and beam angulation. 2DE findings varied using the standard long axis view at the left parasternal border, depending upon the type of obstruction present. A discrete membrane produced linear echoes adjacent and parallel to the interventricular septum beneath the aortic valve. Fibromuscular obstruction produced a localized dense ridge of echoes in the LVOT. These findings were not apparent in five patients studied. In these patients, the 2DE apical long axis view was employed to image the subaortic area. From this tomographic corss-section a fibrous membrane was imaged as a linear echo parallel to the aortic valve. The membrane extended across the LVOT from the ventricular septum to the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The 2DE apical long axis view therefore provides an additional approach in the evaluation of patients with discrete SUB-AS.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008566:Membranes; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000033:anatomy & histology