title: The use of background data in the analysis of covariance.
abstract: The advantages and disadvantages of using extraneous information about the relationship between variate and covariate in analysis of covariance are examined. The problem is considered both theoretically and by a simulation study. It is found that the usefulness of extraneous information in increasing the precision of analysis of covariance can be assessed using simple formulae.
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004285:Dogs; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009929:Organ Size; D014116:Toxicology