title: Factors in the intestinal absorption of oral cholecystopaques.
abstract: Interest in the pharmacokinetics of cholecystopaques initially centered on transport from blood to bile. The data obtained in this effort have been valuable and have shown that the maximal iodine concentration achievable in the bile is quite similar for all of the currently available compounds. This concentration is, of course, dose dependent. the transport of contrast material from the bowel to the blood has been shown to be quite variable. Considerable progress was made in understanding this. The tremendous differences in absorption of iopanoic acid depending upon the pH of the administered solution was an initial revelation. The development of the concept that there is a water layer through which the cholecystopaque must pass before reaching the lipid membrane of the intestinal cell has added clarity to understanding the difference in absorption between water-soluble and water-insoluble cholecystopaques. A complete knowledge of what might enhance or inhibit absorption is not known. There is beginning to be an understanding of how intestinal dose relates to plasma levels. This should lead to an optimal dose-timing scheme for each cholecystopaque. The basic assumption is that the highest iodine concentration in the gallbladder leads to the most accurate cholecystography. If this is true, the gallbladder needs to be offered bile at the maximum concentrations during the period preceding filming. To accomplish this, the appropriate plasma level necessary for maximum excretion is needed. Experimental data suggest that our current clinical methods in regard to dose and dose timing need revision to optimize cholecystography. This revision needs to take place with a careful look at toxicity. Accepting the present premise that oral cholecystography can be improved, perhaps without a significant increase in morbidity, a fundamental question to be asked is: is it worth it?
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D002765:Cholecystography; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D007455:Iodine / Q000378:metabolism; D007480:Iopanoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007487:Ipodate / Q000378:metabolism; D008823:Micelles; D014441:Tyropanoate / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D008823:Micelles; D014441:Tyropanoate; D007455:Iodine; D007487:Ipodate; D007480:Iopanoic Acid