Energy balance and hypothalamic self-stimulation.
The effects of negative energy balance on self-stimulation are a matter of considerable disagreement. This disagreement undoubtedly reflects the inadequacies of the continuous reinforcement self-stimulation procedures used in this type of experimentation. The present experiment uses a new fixed-interval reinforcement shuttle-box procedure which provides indices of reward and stimulation escape that are free from the numerous performance altering effects that confound continuous reinforcement performance. Whereas 24 h of food deprivation had no effect on stimulation initiation or escape rates, 48 h of food deprivation selectively increased initiation rates. The enhancement of reward was seen over virtually the entire anterior-posterior extent of the lateral hypothalamus and occurred irrespective of the occurrence of any stimulus-bound behaviors. Thus negative energy balance appears to selectively increase the excitability of reward-related neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. The self-stimulating rats became clearly hyperphagic, yet their weight gains were not significantly different from those of controls. The self-stimulation must, therefore, have greatly increased energy expenditure. Thus, not only does energy balance affect self-stimulation, but self-stimulation appears to affect energy balance.
D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004924:Escape Reaction; D005508:Food Deprivation; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000209:etiology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology*; D007032:Hypothalamus, Anterior / Q000502:physiology; D007034:Hypothalamus, Posterior / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012653:Self Stimulation / Q000502:physiology*