Studies on inhalation toxicity of 2-propanol.
Biological effects of a single exposure to moderate or high concentrations of 2-propanol were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute toxicity (LC50, t:8 hours) of this widely used solvent was determined and found to be 19000 ppm (17380-20760 ppm) for females and 22500 ppm (19200-26400 ppm) for males. Determination of blood levels of 2-propanol and its metabolite, acetone, was carried out during and after a single 4-hour exposure (Concentration range: 500 to 8000 ppm). The amount of acetone and 2-propanol was directly related to the various air concentrations of alcohol inhaled. Increase of exposure time to 8 hours enhanced considerably the amount of blood acetone which could be determined even 20 hours after exposure. These findings indicate a slow conversion of this alcohol to acetone which can be used as biochemical indicator to exposure. Histopathological examination of rats exposed to high levels of 2-propanol shows typical lesions of chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema accompanied by foamy vacuolization of liver cells and severe focal cytoplasmic degradation.
D000433:1-Propanol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D000096:Acetone / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005740:Gases; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced; D051381:Rats
D005740:Gases; D000096:Acetone; D000433:1-Propanol