title: Assays for metabolic alpha-hydroxylation of N'-nitrosonornicotine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine and the influence of modifying factors.
abstract: High-pressure liquid chromatographic methods were developed to study microsomal alpha-hydroxylation, which is likely to be an activation mechanism for N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). The effects of ethanol, phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment on the alpha-hydroxylation of NPYR and NNN were determined using F-344 rats and Syrian golden hamsters. In the rat, 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment decreased the rates of alpha-hydroxylation of NPYR and 5'-hydroxylation of NNN, but increased the rate of 2'-hydroxylation of NNN. Phenobarbital pretreatment of rats did not markedly affect rates of alpha-hydroxylation of NPYR or NNN. In the hamster, 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment increased the rate of alpha-hydroxylation of NPYR, but did not affect the rates of alpha-hydroxylation of NNN. Phenobarbital or ethanol pretreatment of hamsters resulted in increased rates of alpha-hydroxylation of NPYR and 5'-hydroxylation of NNN. The induction of alpha-hydroxylation of NNN and NPYR by ethanol suggests that these nitrosamines may be more carcinogenic in alcohol-treated animals.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D006224:Cricetinae; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006900:Hydroxylation; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008748:Methylcholanthrene / Q000494:pharmacology; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009242:N-Nitrosopyrrolidine / Q000378:metabolism*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D009602:Nitrosamines; D000431:Ethanol; D008748:Methylcholanthrene; D009538:Nicotine; D009242:N-Nitrosopyrrolidine; C008655:N'-nitrosonornicotine; D010634:Phenobarbital