Increased copper metallothionein in Menkes cultured skin fibroblasts.
Menkes fibroblasts contain a significantly greater amount of cysteine-rich 10,000 dalton copper-binding protein(s) (metallotheionein) than normal cells. Mutant fibroblasts incorporated 30 to 40% more tritiated amino acids into 10,000 dalton protein(s) than normal cells. The protein(s) was deficient in aromatic amino acids The amount of 35S-cysteine incorporated by the same protein(s) in Menkes fibroblasts was twice that of normal fibroblasts. Comparison of the 35 S:3H isotopic ratios of chromatographic fractions of both normal and Menkes cell lysates showed that only the proteins eluted in the 10,000 dalton peak were enriched in 35S-cysteine, and this ratio was always greater than in Menkes than in normal cells. The 10,000 molecular weight 35S-cysteine- and 3H-amino acid-labeled peaks coincided with the 64Cu peak in both cell strains. The copper-labeled peak was always greater in Menkes than in normal cells. No difference in the 64Cu:35S isotopic ratio in the 10,000 dalton peak was observed between normal and Menkes fibroblast strains. This finding shows the direct relationship between the amount of cysteine-rich 10,000 dalton protein(s) and the amount of 64Cu bound by this protein(s) in both Menkes and normal fibroblasts. DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography resulted in a further two-fold enrichment of the 10,000 dalton, sulfur-rich proteins that were eluted from the Sephadex G-75 column. Most of the labeled proteins from both normal and Menkes fibroblasts were eluted from the ion-exchange column in a single peak at a chloride concentration of approximately 30 mM. Polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis of pooled fractions of the 10,000 dalton proteins eluted from the G-75 column and the DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange column showed no consistent differences in the staining pattern between normal and mutant fibroblast strains. When th acrylamide gels were sliced and subsequently counted for radioactive content, no band showed a further increase in the 35 S:3H isotopic ratio when compared to the electrophoresed samples that were eluted from the Sephadex G-75 or the ion-exchange columns. Also, no significant increase in the amount of radioactivity associated with a specific  protein band could be demonstrated between the Menkes and the normal fibroblast strains.
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D001928:Brain Diseases, Metabolic / Q000473:pathology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007706:Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome / Q000473:pathology*; D012867:Skin / Q000032:analysis*
D000596:Amino Acids; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C023548:copper-binding protein; D003300:Copper; D003545:Cysteine