title: Disruption of insect photoreceptor membrane by divalent ions: dissimilar sensitivity of light- and dark-adapted mosquito rhabdomeres.
abstract: The conditions that lead to the formation of myelin figures in rhabdomere microvilli were studied in the larval ocelli of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. These artifacts can result from the addition of divalent ions, such as Ca2+, to primary-aldehyde fixatives, but they form subsequently during postfixation with OsO4. In light-adapted ocelli, myelin figures are concentrated at the proximal ends of the microvilli along the cytoplasmic margin of the rhabdomere. The severity of the artifact is proportional to the ion concentration: scattered myelin whorls are induced by Ca2+ concentrations as low as 5 mM; they become abundant at 15 mM to 25 mM, and displace much of the rhabdomere margin at 50 mM. In contrast, even at high concentrations of Ca2+ few membrane whorls form in dark-adapted rhabdomeres, and these are mostly located at the distal ends of the microvilli. The differential response of the rhabdomere microvilli in light and darkness does not result from a direct action of light during fixation; it reflects an underlying difference between light- and dark-adapted photoreceptor membranes. We suggest that this differential sensitivity to divalent ions is associated with the shedding of membranes from the rhabdomere, a process that is enhanced by light and reduced in darkness.
mesh_terms: D000221:Adaptation, Ocular; D000330:Aedes / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003623:Dark Adaptation; D008027:Light; D008871:Microvilli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D002118:Calcium