title: Jugular foramen syndrome.
abstract: The jugular foramen syndrome (JFS) specifically refers to paralysis to the IX-XIth cranial nerves. In a more general meaning, however, any combination of palsies affecting the last four cranial nerves has been referred to as a JFS. The anatomy of the jugular foramen and the structures which traverse it are reviewed. Two cases histories of a JFS are described; the first with chronic otitis media, and the second with a glomus tumor. A variety of neoplasms, vascular insults, infections, and trauma have been reported to cause JFS. Treatment is directed toward the underlying cause. A variety of radiological techniques which are useful in the investigation of JFS are outlined.
mesh_terms: D000055:Accessory Nerve; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003391:Cranial Nerves; D005260:Female; D005925:Glomus Jugulare Tumor / Q000150:complications; D005930:Glossopharyngeal Nerve; D006801:Humans; D008199:Lymphadenitis / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000150:complications; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D013577:Syndrome; D014630:Vagus Nerve; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications