title: Neonatal osteomyelitis of the os calcis: a complication of repeated heel punctures.
abstract: Neonatal osteomyelitis has been frequently reported, but only rarely as a complication of repeated heel punctures. The need for constant monitoring of premature newborns and those having low birthweight and serious deformities necessitates repeated blood samples, usually obtained by heel puncture. Os calcis osteomyelitis occurred in three patients, possibly secondary to heel puncture. A swollen lower extremity in newborns should alert clinicians to the possibility of infection originating in the heel. Treatment involves adequate doses of appropriate antibiotics, but if the infection does not respond within 48 hours, then surgical drainage is indicated. Secondary extension to more proximal areas can and may occur with catastrophic consequences. Orthopedic surgeons should help other physicians become aware that repeated heel punctures may cause os calcis osteomyelitis and that they should be avoided.
mesh_terms: D002111:Calcaneus / Q000473:pathology; D005269:Femur; D006365:Heel; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011677:Punctures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011859:Radiography; D012598:Sclerosis; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D013977:Tibia