title: Occurrence of influenza A viruses and their antibodies in migratory birds in Finland.
abstract: A Finnish material of 455 cloacal specimens from 24 species of small migratory birds and of 54 cloacal specimens from 10 species of waterfowl was investigated for the occurrence of A type influenza virus. Influenza A virus was isolated in only one specimen, originating from a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Parallely, yolk material from 109 waterfowl representing 9 species was investigated for the occurrence of influenza A antibodies by complement fixation and immunodiffusion tests. In three yolk specimens, one from a widgeon (Anas penelope), one from a common gull (Larus canus) and one from a lesser blackbacked gull (Larus fuscus), positive reactions with low titres of 1:2--1:4 were obtained. The study shows that waterfowl can carry influenza A virus, but the role of small migratory birds in this respect seems to be negligible in Finland.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D001717:Birds / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002988:Cloaca / Q000382:microbiology; D005387:Finland; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral