title: Hyperventilation syndrome in children and adolescents: long-term follow-up.
abstract: Records of 34 hyperventilating children aged 18 years or younger seen at the Mayo Clinic over a 25-year period were reviewed. Five different clinical subtypes were identified. Evaluation and treatment varied considerably. At follow-up, 40% were still hyperventilating as adults, and many had signs and symptoms of chronic anxiety. Hyperventilation in childhood can be a signal that the child is experiencing severe anxiety, which may persist into adulthood.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006985:Hyperventilation / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology*