Fetal and neonatal responses to maternal canine starvation: circulating fuels and neonatal glucose production.
Pregnant dogs were starved for 72 hr while controls were fasted overnight. Maternal starvation significantly reduced fetal birth weight (269 +/- 7.2 versus 294 +/- 4.4 g). Total caloric deprivation had no effect on maternal or fetal blood glucose concentration at the time of delivery; however, fasting neonatal blood glucose levels were depressed during the first 9 hr of life. Starvation produced a large elevation of maternal free fatty acids (1.68 +/- 0.39 versus 0.74 +/- 0.2 mM) and ketone bodies (2.99 +/- 0.70 versus 1.04 +/- 0.48). Although fetal free fatty acids increased minimally (0.39 +/- 0.03 versus 0.22 +/- 0.07), ketone body levels were markedly elevated (2.53 +/- 0.35 versus 1.01 +/- 0.32). After birth, plasma-free fatty acid and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were lower in pups of starved mothers at 3 hr, and acetoacetate was lower at 6 and 9 hr. Other alternate fuels such as amino acids demonstrated lower levels of glutamine in pups of starved mothers throughout the day (except 3 hr), whereas alanine levels declined significantly only at 24 hr (114.9 +/- 15 versus 187.6 +/- 26 microM. Glucose production was significantly depressed in pups of starved mothers at 3 (13.7 +/- 1.4 versus 22.7 +/- 3) and 9 hr (17.5 +/- 2.2 versus 26.0 +/- 2.8 mumoles/kg/min), whereas glucose clearance rates were elevated at 3, 6 and 9 hr of age. Lactate carbon incorporation into glucose increased throughout the day but was not significantly affected by prior maternal starvation.
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D004285:Dogs; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005943:Gluconeogenesis; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007659:Ketones / Q000097:blood; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D013217:Starvation / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007659:Ketones; D007773:Lactates; D014280:Triglycerides; D005947:Glucose