title: Comparative study on human pharmacokinetics of activated ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide by a modified fluorometric test.
abstract: The activated metabolites of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide (4-hydroxy-ifosfamide and 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide) were analysed fluorometrically by condensation of liberated acrolein with m-aminophenol yielding 7-hydroxyguinoline. Interfering fluorescence of blood and urine was eliminated by extraction with dichlormethane and determination of blanks in which the liberated acrolein reacted with hydrazine to non-fluorescent pyrazoline. The modified test proved effective in identifying low levels of activated metabolites in man. After i.v. injection of 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide peak levels of activated cyclophosphamide (4.7 nmol/ml) and the area under the curve (c.t = 16.7 nmol.ml/h) showed mean values three times higher than those found for activated ifosfamide. One per cent of the applied dosis of cyclophosphamide vs. 0.3% of ifosfamide was excreted as activated metabolites. Due to the high stability of activated cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in urine a low liberation rate of acrolein was found, the concentration of which in urine was below 0.5 nmol/ml. Acrolein, which was directly liberated from activated cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide, does not seem to play an important role in the urotoxicity of these cytostatics.
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D000171:Acrolein; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D007069:Ifosfamide