title: Clinical performance and endocrine profiles with contraceptive vaginal rings containing a combination of estradiol and D-norgestrel.
abstract: Contraceptive vaginal rings (CVRs) impregnated with a combination of estradiol and d-norgestrel were studied in 39 women. The rings were inserted as three weeks "in" and one week "out" schedule to allow withdrawal bleeding. Ovulation was inhibited in all cycles and promptly resumed on completion of the treatment cycles. Bleeding control was excellent. Incidence of breakthrough bleeding was 2.11 per cent in 273 cycles studied, with 89 per cent of the cycles within the acceptable range (25 - 35 days). Levels of estradiol after an initial rise were maintained between 50-100 pg/ml and, d-norgestrel levels were relatively constant between 1.8-3 ng/ml during the period while the ring remained in situ. Clinical acceptance was good. The main problem encountered was of spontaneous expulsion of the ring in the toilet, which might be due to the squatting toilet habits of Indian women and laxity of vaginal wall.
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight; D003274:Contraceptive Devices, Female / Q000009:adverse effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008598:Menstruation; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D009644:Norgestrel; D004958:Estradiol; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase