title: Constriction of the umbilical cord as a cause of fetal demise following midtrimester amniocentesis.
abstract: Two cases of constriction of the umbilical cord resulting in fetal demise following midtrimester amniocentesis are presented. In both cases, real-time ultrasonography prior to amniocentesis revealed a viable fetus. Fetal demise was identified immediately following the procedure in the first case and one month later in the other. A localized constriction at the fetal end of the umbilical cord in both, with torsion of the constricted segment in the second case, was observed. Wharton's jelly was noted to be deficient in this segment of the cord in the first case. The mechanism of fetal demise is discussed. It is suggested that this abnormality should be considered when fetal demise follows midtrimester amniocentesis.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D014470:Umbilical Cord