title: A combined fluoroscopic and endoscopic approach for retrieval of retained stones through the T-tube tract.
abstract: Use of the flexible fiberoptic choledochoscope has been suggested as an alternate to the steerable catheter method for extracting retained biliary calculi through the T-tube tract. We found disadvantages to the use of this scope and describe the use of the smaller, more flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope which has facilitated the procedure. The ability to view the calculus through the endoscope while manipulating the stone basket obviates the necessity for fluoroscopic monitoring during this phase and, therefore, results in a significant reduction of radiation exposure to all concerned. In addition, an over-all reduction in procedure time has been achieved by this method.
mesh_terms: D020680:Bronchoscopes; D019723:Endoscopes; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D042882:Gallstones / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008722:Methods