Articulation effort: transitivity and observer agreement.
In three studies, 86 observers used paired-comparison procedures to judge the effort required to articulate 16 consonants. In general, observers could not produce the judgments without reversals and did not agree with each other or with themselves on a repeated trial. Pooling all judgments produced scale values of articulation effort that correlated highly with different types of phonological acquisition data and with a feature analysis.
D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D010700:Phonetics; D013060:Speech