Complications of pregnancy and labor in former oral contraceptive users.
Complications of pregnancy and delivery, and obstetric interventions, were studied in a sample of Israeli women questioned post-partum about contraceptive use. The 2,953 women who had used the pill were compared with 13,630 controls. There were no significant differences between users and controls in the frequencies of bleeding in pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, placenta previa, placental abruption, fetal distress or asphyxia, ABO incompatibility, hydramnios, transverse lie, cephalopelvic disproportion, and persistent occipitoposterior or post-partum hemorrhage. New cases of hypertension, varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, urinary tract infection, and cervicitis were reported in primigravidae and multigravidae without past histories of these conditions; there were no differences between oral contraceptive users and controls other than an excess of cervicitis in primigravidae among former users. There was a slight decrease in normal deliveries in former oral contraceptive users due to an increase in inductions of labor. On the other hand, rates of forceps and vacuum deliveries, caesarian sections, and interventions in the third stage did not differ between former oral contraceptive users and controls. These results indicate that former oral contraceptive users can anticipate the same frequency of complications of pregnancy and labor as women who have used other, or no, methods of contraception.
D000367:Age Factors; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced; D007751:Labor, Induced; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D002575:Uterine Cervicitis / Q000139:chemically induced
D003276:Contraceptives, Oral